Optimal Protein Intake And Meal Frequency To Support Maximal Protein Synthesis and Muscle Mass

Optimal protein intake and meal frequency to support maximal protein synthesis and muscle mass. Layne Norton, B.S. Division of Nutritional Sciences University of Illinois

Overview ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Background ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Background

Determining Optimal Intake ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Leucine in regulation of protein synthesis ,[object Object],mTOR (+) [Leucine] p70S6K (+) 4E-BP1-eIF4E eIF4E eIF4G (+) eIF4E-eIF4G (+) Protein Synthesis (+)

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Plasma Leucine (µM) * FSR (%/day) *unpublished data *

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Combined data sets % Increase from controls

Leucine content of various protein sources Protein Source Leu % of total protein) Amount of protein from source to reach 3-4g Leucine Amount of food source required Whey Protein Isolate 12.0% 25-33g 27-36g Milk Protein Isolate 9.8% 31-41g 34-46g Casein 9.3% 32-43g variable depending upon casein powder type Egg 8.6% 35-47g 280-376g or approx 4.5-6.5 large whole eggs Fish 8.1% 38-50g 158-208g Beef 8.0% 38-51g 126-170g Pork 8.0% 38-51g 133-179g Chicken 7.5% 41-54g 132-174g Wheat 6.8% 44-59g 440-590g or 15-20 slices of bread

Recap ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Optimal Frequency ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Plasma Leucine (µM) MPS (%/day) * * * * * * * † *different from baseline P<0.05; †p<0.10 *different from baseline P<0.05 Time (minutes) Time (minutes)

The Refractory Phenomenon ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Possible explanations? ,[object Object],* * * * Does not explain refractory nature of MPS. mmol/kg wet tissue Time (minutes) Intramuscular Leucine

Possible Explanations? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Gamma form/total 4E-BP1 Phosphorylation Gamma +Beta forms/total p70S6K Phosphorylation * * * * * * * * * *different from baseline P<0.05 *different from baseline P<0.05 Time (minutes) Time (minutes)

Possible Explanations? ,[object Object],Time (minutes) ‡ ‡ * * eIF4G bound to eIF4E/total 4E eIF4E*eIF4G Binding Unlikely to be responsible for MPS becoming refractory

Possible Explanations? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Possible Explanations? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Insulin Time (minutes) Insulin (pmol/L) * *

Possible explanations? ,[object Object],[object Object]

Optimal Meal Frequency? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

General recommendations? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Other Considerations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Future research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

References ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Acknowledgments ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Optimal Protein Intake And Meal Frequency To Support Maximal Protein Synthesis and Muscle Mass

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Optimal Protein Intake And Meal Frequency To Support Maximal Protein Synthesis and Muscle Mass