Part 2 - Case study: the Yasuni Biosphere Reserve

PhD project: Spatial Expansion of the Oil Amazon Frontier and Environmental Conflicts in Ecuador Università degli Studi di Padova Scuola di Dottorato in Scienze Storiche PhD Student: Eugenio Pappalardo Supervisor: Dr. Massimo de Marchi Dipartimento di Geografia “G. Morandini” Indirizzo “Geografia Umana e Geografia Fisica

Research Path ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],General Objectives

Territorialization processes for substitution of land cover

The Amazon Basin deforestation rate: 2 milioni ha/year (Myers, 2004) hydrographic basin: 7 million km 2 flow rate: 100-300.000 m 3 /s rainfall: 2000-4000 mm/year

Hydrographic network Amazon Basin: high density network Environmental System

Dep. of Geography, University of Padova - Eugenio Pappalardo, PhD student TERRITORIALIZATION PROCESSES IN AMAZON Modernizing territorializations: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],External actors Internal actors

Geographical framework and study site ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Megadiverse Country (Myers, 2000) (NASA, World Wind software)

Geographical and territorial framework Area: 256.370 Km2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Population: 12.5 millions (INAC, 2006)

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],study site

Biodiversity conservation and sustainable development Biodiversity Hotspots (WCMC, Myers, 2000) Classification System: protected areas categories IUCN CITES, RAMSAR, CONVENTION ON MIGRATORY SPECIES Biosphere Reserve (MAB, UNESCO) Zoning Species dispersion and genetic flux ( Primack , 2004 ) CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY (Rio, 1992) open system

MAB (UNESCO, 1971): RISERVE DELLA BIOSFERA Integrating the fieldwork research of Natural Sciences with Social Sciences Compatibility models between ecosystem protection and sustainable development project Benefit to local community

The Auca Road ,[object Object],[object Object],One of the 14 bigger deforestation front at global level (Myers, 2000) (Sierra, 2006) AREA DI STUDIO Ecuadorean Amazon Region

MATERIAL AND METHODS Vasca di raccolta idrocarburi (San Carlos, 2010) Pompa d’estrazione, rilievo GPS (Via Pindo, 2010) Sversamento petrolio, (Dayuma, 2009) MS Channel, QuickBird, 2003)

Espansione spazionale Extractive Industry (not renewable) driver opening road (deforestation) landcover change Territorial dynamics Overlapping of different territories (different projects) Confrontation of different model of development Water logics vs terrestrial logics (Bertoncin) agrarian colonization (non traditional activity) (colonos, agroindustry) Oil infrastructures landuse change opening road (deforestazione)

use of territory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Footprint of territorial processes of substitution of land cover territorial macro-models Territorialization for “sampling” Territorialization for substitution

Cartographic and bibliography investigation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Materiali e metodi ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],San Carlos, attività di campo 12/01/2008

ParticipatoryGIS (PGIS) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],(Rambaldi, 2004; Chambers, 2006)

“ Truckble” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],FIRST RESULT – GIS ANALYSIS 101 Differenza 381 Tracciati GPS survey 280 Tracciati MAE (2009) 1980 Totale km percorsi Km lineari GIS ANALYSIS

PRIMI RISULTATI – ANALISI GIS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Local actor: colonos Statal actor: GMO, INDA Local actor: wuaorani Statal actor: MAE (PRAS) indigenous reserve untouchble zone oil production illegal wood extraction

PRIMI RISULTATI – ANALISI GIS Biosfera Yasuni: conservation and conflicts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Rilievo GPS MATERIALI E METODI GPS device: garmin e-trex error: 4-6 mt su strade (90%) 10-15 mt sotto land cover (10%) Mezzi di trasporto: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],canoa moto enduro ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

missioni sul campo ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Mercato indigeno, barbecue di gusanos (El Coca, settembre 2010) thanks for paying attention

Part 2 - Case study: the Yasuni Biosphere Reserve

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Part 2 - Case study: the Yasuni Biosphere Reserve