G10 genetics
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These are the key concepts for the genetics unit of the grade 10 biology sequence.
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G10 genetics
- 1. Grade 10 Biology Genetics and Inheritance Patterns Mr KremerGrade 10 Biology Genetics and Inheritance Patterns Mr Kremer
- 2. Genetics: Key concepts • Mendel’s experiments with pea plants • Dominant, recessive, + codominant traits • Sex linkage of genetic disorders • Biotechnology + its consequences
- 4. Mendellian Genetics Gregor Mendel + his pea plants Alleles + traits Dominant, recessive, + codominant Heterozygous + homozygous Phenotype + genotype
- 5. Gregor Mendel + His Work • 1800‘s monk
- 6. Gregor Mendel + His Work • 1800‘s monk • Systematically bred pea plants
- 7. Gregor Mendel + His Work • 1800‘s monk • Systematically bred pea plants
- 8. Gregor Mendel + His Work • 1800‘s monk • Systematically bred pea plants
- 9. Gregor Mendel + His Work • 1800‘s monk • Systematically bred pea plants
- 10. Gregor Mendel + His Work • 1800‘s monk • Systematically bred pea plants • Identified patterns in offspring
- 11. Gregor Mendel + His Work • 1800‘s monk • Systematically bred pea plants • Identified patterns in offspring • Developed Law of Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment
- 12. Gregor Mendel + His Work • 1800‘s monk • Systematically bred pea plants • Identified patterns in offspring • Developed Law of Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment
- 14. Dominant + Recessive Traits Alleles, chromosomes, + loci Traits + characteristics Dominant vs recessive Heterozygous + homozygous Monohybrid cross
- 15. Essential Vocabulary • Locus = place on a chromosome where a specific gene is found • Gene = combination of alleles controlling a trait • Allele = one form of a gene (basically, half a gene) from M om ! from D ad!
- 16. Essential Vocabulary • Genotype = allelic composition • Phenotype = physical expression of genotype • Bb = genotype • brown eyes = phenotype
- 17. Dominant + Recessive Traits • Dominant = always expressed • Recessive = only expressed if homozygous
- 18. Dominant + Recessive Traits • Dominant = always expressed • Recessive = only expressed if homozygous • Homozygous = both alleles are the same
- 19. Dominant + Recessive Traits • Dominant = always expressed • Recessive = only expressed if homozygous • Homozygous = both alleles are the same • Heterozygous = different alleles
- 20. Dominant + Recessive Traits • Dominant = always expressed • Recessive = only expressed if homozygous • Homozygous = both alleles are the same • Heterozygous = different alleles
- 21. Monohybrid Crosses • Show probability of offspring inheriting a trait • Alleles listed along x- and y-axes • Combine alleles in boxes to show possible genotypes • Genotypes determine phenotypes
- 22. Monohybrid Crosses • Show probability of offspring inheriting a trait • Alleles listed along x- and y-axes • Combine alleles in boxes to show possible genotypes • Genotypes determine phenotypes
- 23. Monohybrid Crosses • Show probability of offspring inheriting a trait • Alleles listed along x- and y-axes • Combine alleles in boxes to show possible genotypes • Genotypes determine phenotypes
- 24. Monohybrid Crosses • Show probability of offspring inheriting a trait • Alleles listed along x- and y-axes • Combine alleles in boxes to show possible genotypes • Genotypes determine phenotypes
- 25. Monohybrid Crosses • Show probability of offspring inheriting a trait • Alleles listed along x- and y-axes • Combine alleles in boxes to show possible genotypes • Genotypes determine phenotypes
- 26. Monohybrid Crosses • Show probability of offspring inheriting a trait • Alleles listed along x- and y-axes • Combine alleles in boxes to show possible genotypes • Genotypes determine phenotypes
- 27. Monohybrid Crosses • Show probability of offspring inheriting a trait • Alleles listed along x- and y-axes • Combine alleles in boxes to show possible genotypes • Genotypes determine phenotypes
- 28. Monohybrid Crosses • Show probability of offspring inheriting a trait • Alleles listed along x- and y-axes • Combine alleles in boxes to show possible genotypes • Genotypes determine phenotypes
- 29. Monohybrid Crosses • Show probability of offspring inheriting a trait • Alleles listed along x- and y-axes • Combine alleles in boxes to show possible genotypes • Genotypes determine phenotypes
- 30. Monohybrid Crosses • Show probability of offspring inheriting a trait • Alleles listed along x- and y-axes • Combine alleles in boxes to show possible genotypes • Genotypes determine phenotypes
- 31. Monohybrid Crosses • Show probability of offspring inheriting a trait • Alleles listed along x- and y-axes • Combine alleles in boxes to show possible genotypes • Genotypes determine phenotypes 3:1 ratio
- 33. Codominance + Blood Types
- 34. Codominance + Blood Types Codominance Incomplete dominance Blood types Crosses involving codominant traits Image credit: http://www.joannelovesscience.com
- 35. Codominance + Incomplete Dominance • Codominance = both heterozygous alleles fully expressed
- 36. Codominance + Incomplete Dominance • Codominance = both heterozygous alleles fully expressed
- 37. Codominance + Incomplete Dominance • Codominance = both heterozygous alleles fully expressed
- 38. Codominance + Incomplete Dominance • Codominance = both heterozygous alleles fully expressed • Incomplete dominance = a blend of each characteristic is expressed
- 39. Codominance + Blood Types • 3 blood type alleles: • IA = Type A • IB = Type B • i = Type O • A + B = codominant • O is recessive
- 40. Codominance + Blood Types • 3 blood type alleles: • IA = Type A • IB = Type B • i = Type O • A + B = codominant • O is recessive
- 41. Codominance + Blood Types • 3 blood type alleles: • IA = Type A • IB = Type B • i = Type O • A + B = codominant • O is recessive
- 42. Codominance + Blood Types • 3 blood type alleles: • IA = Type A • IB = Type B • i = Type O • A + B = codominant • O is recessive
- 43. Codominance + Blood Types • 3 blood type alleles: • IA = Type A • IB = Type B • i = Type O • A + B = codominant • O is recessive
- 44. Sex Linkage
- 45. Sex Linkage Sex Linkage X + Y chromosomes Colorblindness Hemophilia Image credit: http://www.biologycorner.com
- 46. Sex Linkage • Gene carried on X chromosome • Women = XX • Men = XY • women need 2 copies of recessive allele • men need only 1 copy
- 47. Sex Linkage • Gene carried on X chromosome • Women = XX • Men = XY • women need 2 copies of recessive allele • men need only 1 copy
- 48. Sex Linkage • Gene carried on X chromosome • Women = XX • Men = XY • women need 2 copies of recessive allele • men need only 1 copy
- 52. Genetic Disorders • Caused by gene variation or mutation • Environmental mutation • Inherited as recessive alleles • Wrong number of chromosomes
- 53. Genetic Disorders • Caused by gene variation or mutation • Environmental mutation • Inherited as recessive alleles • Wrong number of chromosomes
- 54. Genetic Disorders • Caused by gene variation or mutation • Environmental mutation • Inherited as recessive alleles • Wrong number of chromosomes
- 55. Genetic Disorders • Caused by gene variation or mutation • Environmental mutation • Inherited as recessive alleles • Wrong number of chromosomes
- 56. Genetic Disorders • Caused by gene variation or mutation • Environmental mutation • Inherited as recessive alleles • Wrong number of chromosomes
- 57. Biotechnology
- 58. Biotechnology Genetic screening DNA profiling GMO’s Stem cell research
- 59. Genetic Screening • Examine DNA for genetic disorders • Good for preventative care + treatment • Ethics of use for insurance + health care? • May be used in job placement
- 60. Genetic Screening • Examine DNA for genetic disorders • Good for preventative care + treatment • Ethics of use for insurance + health care? • May be used in job placement
- 61. Genetic Screening • Examine DNA for genetic disorders • Good for preventative care + treatment • Ethics of use for insurance + health care? • May be used in job placement
- 62. Genetic Screening • Examine DNA for genetic disorders • Good for preventative care + treatment • Ethics of use for insurance + health care? • May be used in job placement
- 63. DNA Profiling • aka DNA fingerprinting • Compare samples to database • Forensics (CSI) • Questions about legality/ownership of information
- 64. DNA Profiling • aka DNA fingerprinting • Compare samples to database • Forensics (CSI) • Questions about legality/ownership of information
- 65. Genetically Modified Organisms • Inserting/deleting genes for human benefit • Common in US agriculture • Benefits: higher yield + productivity • Concerns: ecological dangers, loss of diversity
- 66. Genetically Modified Organisms • Inserting/deleting genes for human benefit • Common in US agriculture • Benefits: higher yield + productivity • Concerns: ecological dangers, loss of diversity
- 67. Genetically Modified Organisms • Inserting/deleting genes for human benefit • Common in US agriculture • Benefits: higher yield + productivity • Concerns: ecological dangers, loss of diversity
- 68. Genetically Modified Organisms • Inserting/deleting genes for human benefit • Common in US agriculture • Benefits: higher yield + productivity • Concerns: ecological dangers, loss of diversity
- 69. Genetically Modified Organisms • Inserting/deleting genes for human benefit • Common in US agriculture • Benefits: higher yield + productivity • Concerns: ecological dangers, loss of diversity
Editor's Notes
- Gregor Mendel: first person to trace the characteristics of successive generations of a living thing. saw that the traits were inherited in certain numerical ratios. Self-fertilization: Pollen from the same flower enters the egg cells of the same flower. True-breeding: All of the offspring have the same trait. Cross-Fertilization: Remove the stamens, and fertilize the carpel yourself by brushing it with the pollen from a different flower. P-Generation flowers were true-breeding, so he cross-fertilized them. The seeds produced were HYBRIDS (different ALLELES). Allowed the purple flowers from F1 to self-fertilize and had a 705:224 purple to white ratio. F3 Generation: ALL the white flowers were WHITE. About 1/3 of the purple true-breed for purple, the remaining produced a 3:1 ratio of purple to white flowers.
- Gregor Mendel: first person to trace the characteristics of successive generations of a living thing. saw that the traits were inherited in certain numerical ratios. Self-fertilization: Pollen from the same flower enters the egg cells of the same flower. True-breeding: All of the offspring have the same trait. Cross-Fertilization: Remove the stamens, and fertilize the carpel yourself by brushing it with the pollen from a different flower. P-Generation flowers were true-breeding, so he cross-fertilized them. The seeds produced were HYBRIDS (different ALLELES). Allowed the purple flowers from F1 to self-fertilize and had a 705:224 purple to white ratio. F3 Generation: ALL the white flowers were WHITE. About 1/3 of the purple true-breed for purple, the remaining produced a 3:1 ratio of purple to white flowers.
- Gregor Mendel: first person to trace the characteristics of successive generations of a living thing. saw that the traits were inherited in certain numerical ratios. Self-fertilization: Pollen from the same flower enters the egg cells of the same flower. True-breeding: All of the offspring have the same trait. Cross-Fertilization: Remove the stamens, and fertilize the carpel yourself by brushing it with the pollen from a different flower. P-Generation flowers were true-breeding, so he cross-fertilized them. The seeds produced were HYBRIDS (different ALLELES). Allowed the purple flowers from F1 to self-fertilize and had a 705:224 purple to white ratio. F3 Generation: ALL the white flowers were WHITE. About 1/3 of the purple true-breed for purple, the remaining produced a 3:1 ratio of purple to white flowers.
- Gregor Mendel: first person to trace the characteristics of successive generations of a living thing. saw that the traits were inherited in certain numerical ratios. Self-fertilization: Pollen from the same flower enters the egg cells of the same flower. True-breeding: All of the offspring have the same trait. Cross-Fertilization: Remove the stamens, and fertilize the carpel yourself by brushing it with the pollen from a different flower. P-Generation flowers were true-breeding, so he cross-fertilized them. The seeds produced were HYBRIDS (different ALLELES). Allowed the purple flowers from F1 to self-fertilize and had a 705:224 purple to white ratio. F3 Generation: ALL the white flowers were WHITE. About 1/3 of the purple true-breed for purple, the remaining produced a 3:1 ratio of purple to white flowers.
- Gregor Mendel: first person to trace the characteristics of successive generations of a living thing. saw that the traits were inherited in certain numerical ratios. Self-fertilization: Pollen from the same flower enters the egg cells of the same flower. True-breeding: All of the offspring have the same trait. Cross-Fertilization: Remove the stamens, and fertilize the carpel yourself by brushing it with the pollen from a different flower. P-Generation flowers were true-breeding, so he cross-fertilized them. The seeds produced were HYBRIDS (different ALLELES). Allowed the purple flowers from F1 to self-fertilize and had a 705:224 purple to white ratio. F3 Generation: ALL the white flowers were WHITE. About 1/3 of the purple true-breed for purple, the remaining produced a 3:1 ratio of purple to white flowers.
- Gregor Mendel: first person to trace the characteristics of successive generations of a living thing. saw that the traits were inherited in certain numerical ratios. Self-fertilization: Pollen from the same flower enters the egg cells of the same flower. True-breeding: All of the offspring have the same trait. Cross-Fertilization: Remove the stamens, and fertilize the carpel yourself by brushing it with the pollen from a different flower. P-Generation flowers were true-breeding, so he cross-fertilized them. The seeds produced were HYBRIDS (different ALLELES). Allowed the purple flowers from F1 to self-fertilize and had a 705:224 purple to white ratio. F3 Generation: ALL the white flowers were WHITE. About 1/3 of the purple true-breed for purple, the remaining produced a 3:1 ratio of purple to white flowers.
- Gregor Mendel: first person to trace the characteristics of successive generations of a living thing. saw that the traits were inherited in certain numerical ratios. Self-fertilization: Pollen from the same flower enters the egg cells of the same flower. True-breeding: All of the offspring have the same trait. Cross-Fertilization: Remove the stamens, and fertilize the carpel yourself by brushing it with the pollen from a different flower. P-Generation flowers were true-breeding, so he cross-fertilized them. The seeds produced were HYBRIDS (different ALLELES). Allowed the purple flowers from F1 to self-fertilize and had a 705:224 purple to white ratio. F3 Generation: ALL the white flowers were WHITE. About 1/3 of the purple true-breed for purple, the remaining produced a 3:1 ratio of purple to white flowers.
- Gregor Mendel: first person to trace the characteristics of successive generations of a living thing. saw that the traits were inherited in certain numerical ratios. Self-fertilization: Pollen from the same flower enters the egg cells of the same flower. True-breeding: All of the offspring have the same trait. Cross-Fertilization: Remove the stamens, and fertilize the carpel yourself by brushing it with the pollen from a different flower. P-Generation flowers were true-breeding, so he cross-fertilized them. The seeds produced were HYBRIDS (different ALLELES). Allowed the purple flowers from F1 to self-fertilize and had a 705:224 purple to white ratio. F3 Generation: ALL the white flowers were WHITE. About 1/3 of the purple true-breed for purple, the remaining produced a 3:1 ratio of purple to white flowers.
- Images, in order: X + Y chromosomes sex linkage colorblindness tests hemophilia symptoms
- Images, in order: X + Y chromosomes sex linkage colorblindness tests hemophilia symptoms
- Images, in order: X + Y chromosomes sex linkage colorblindness tests hemophilia symptoms
- Images, in order: X + Y chromosomes sex linkage colorblindness tests hemophilia symptoms
- Images, in order: X + Y chromosomes sex linkage colorblindness tests hemophilia symptoms
- Marfan syndrome disorder of connective tissue gene alteration or mutation causes defect in growth hormone production
- Marfan wrists
- carcinogens can interfere with DNA replication radiation may alter nucleotides in DNA
- achondroplasia (dwarfism)
- Trisomy 21 aka Down Syndrome
- drought- and disease-resistance growth patterns
- once planted in a field, pollination occurs naturally - can’t control which genes are transported to non-GMO plants