2.  Group A – Approved usage
eg sports drinks, bars and gels, probiotics
 Group B – Approved during research studies
eg carnitine and fish oils
 Group C – Not used, as not enough research
eg glucosamine, pyruvate
 Group D – Banned,
eg ephedrine, glycerol

3.  Used for rehydration, a fast and effective
fuel boost
 Many flavours and strengths
 Faster to absorb than food
 Used during sport activities greater than 45
mins
 Can cause dental erosion

4.  Occurs naturally in body
 Essential for ATP energy system
 Aides short sharp burst of activity, eg
repeated sprints or resistance
training
 Can cause weight gain and
other minor effects

5.  Easily absorbed
 Affects the central nervous system (reducing
perception of fatigue), skeletal muscle, utilization of
glucose and fat
 Used for endurance sports
 Can result in increased
heart rate, irritability,
decreased fine motor skills,
affect sleeping

6.  Further research on the supplements
listed in the Group B and C list from the
AIS classification, to determine if they are
worthy of being upgraded to Group A
and being regularly used.
 Research with studies outside the tightly
controlled lab situation, gain better
knowledge of effect during events

7.  Is it fair to use these supplements if not
everyone has access to them?
 Do they give an unfair advantage over
others who can’t afford them?
 How different are they from illegal aids
eg blood doping?

8.  Creatine supplementation with specific view to exercise/sports performance:
an update, Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2012, Vol. 9
Issue 1, p33, Viewed 11/4/2013 to 12/4/2013
 Powers, SK & Howley, ET, New York, 2009, Exercise Physiology: Theory and
Application to Fitness and Performance, 7th edn, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY,
Viewed 12/4/2013
 Australian Sports Commission (ASC), Supplements, Sports drinks
(carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks), Creatine, Caffeine factsheets, 2013,
http://www.ausport.gov.au/ais/nutrition/supplements, viewed 5/4/2013 to
12/4/2013
 Sports Dieticians Australia, 2009, Factsheet: Creatine supplementation and
sports performance
http://www.sportsdietitians.com.au/resources/upload/Template%20Creatine
%20supplementation%20and%20sports%20performance.pdf, Viewed
12/4/2013

9.  Bell St Fitness, Supplements, Photo, 2010,
http://www.bellstfitness.com.au/supplements.php, Viewed 12/4/2013
 Australian Sports commission, What is the AIS?, Photo, 2013,
http://www.ausport.gov.au/ais/about, Viewed 12/4/2013
 Powerade, Powerade Isotonic, Photo, 2011,
http://www.powerade.com.au/Products/Powerade-Isotonic.html, Viewed
12/4/2013
 Australia Healthy Choice, Creatine Monohydrate, Photo, 2009,
http://australiahealthychoice.com.au/creatine-supplements/creatine-
monohydrate-bsc/prod_298.html, Viewed 12/4/2013
 Sydney Morning Hearld, Does coffee make women happier?, photo, 2011,
http://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/diet-and-fitness/does-coffee-make-
women-happier-20110927-1kuw1.html, Viewed 12/4/2013