This document provides an overview of different works of art from various cultures and time periods that exemplify different definitions and styles of art. It includes summaries and images of paintings, sculptures, installations, photographs, and architectural works from both Western and non-Western cultures ranging from the 15th century to the present day. The works showcase different mediums, subjects, styles and how perceptions of art and beauty have varied across time and societies.

1. Chapter 1
WHAT IS ART?

2. 1.1 LEONARDO DA VINCI. Mona Lisa
(c. 1503–1505). Oil on wood panel. 30
1/4” x 21”.

3. 1.2 Kenyan woman, Masai tribe.
Standards for beauty can differ from
culture to culture.

4. 1.5 French performance artist Orlan, who has dedicated herself to embodying Western classic
beauty as found in the works of Leonardo, Botticelli, and Boucher through multiple plastic surgeries.
Here Orlan is being “prepped” for one in a series of operations.

5. 1.6 SANDRO BOTTICELLI. The Birth of Venus (1486). Detail. Tempera on canvas. 5’8 7⁄8” x 9’1 1⁄7”.

6. 1.37 JOYCE KOZLOFF. Galla Placidia in Philadelphia (1985). Mosaic installation. 13’ x 16’

7. 1.37 DALE CHIHULY. Fioridi
Como (1998). 70’ x 30’ x 12’.

8. 1.7 FRIDA KAHLO. Diego in My
Thoughts (Diego y yo) (1949). Oil
on canvas, mounted on Masonite.
24” x 36”.

9. 1.9 ANDY WARHOL. Four Marilyns
(1962). Synthetic polymer paint and
silkscreen ink on canvas. 30" × 23⅞".

10. 1.11 Column of Trajan, Forum of Trajan, Rome, dedicated 112. 128 feet high.

11. 1.13 JESSIE OONARK. A Shaman’s
Helping Spirits (1971). Stonecut and
stencil. 37 1⁄6” x 25 1⁄6”.

12. 1.14 AARON DOUGLAS.
Noah’s Ark (c. 1927). Oil on
masonite. 48” x 36”.

13. 1.17 SUZANNE VALADON.
Adam and Eve (1909). Oil on
canvas. 63¾ × 51⅝.

14. 1.18 Marc Chagall I and the Village. (1911). Oil on canvas. 6’3-5/8” x 4’11-5/8”.

15. 1.19 Max Beckmann. The Dream
(1921). Oil on canvas. 73-1/8” x
35”.

16. 1.21 Ryoanji Zen Temple, Japanese sand garden, Kyoto, Japan.

17. 1.23 HENRI MATISSE. Piano Lesson (1916). Oil on canvas. 8’1⁄2” x 6’11 3⁄4”.
1.24 ROMARE BEARDEN. Piano Lesson (1983). Oil with Collage. 29» x 22’

18. 1.22 LAURIE SIMMONS. Red Library #2 (1983). Color photograph. 48 1⁄2” x 38 1⁄4”.

19. 1.25 JAUNE QUICK-TO-SEE SMITH. Eclipse (1987). Oil on canvas. 60” x 60”.

20. 1.26 LOUISA CHASE. Storm (1981). Oil on canvas. 90” x 120”.

21. 1.27 ALFRED STIEGLITZ. The
Steerage (1907). Photograph.

22. 1.28 FAITH RINGGOLD. Tar Beach (1988). Acrylic paint on canvas and pieced fabric. 74” x 68-1⁄2”.

23. 1.29 EDWARD HOPPER. Nighthawks (1942). Oil on canvas. 30” x 60”.

24. 1.30 RICHARD HAMILTON. Just What Is It That Makes Today’s Homes So Different, So Appealing?
(1956). Collage. 10-1⁄4” x 9-3⁄4”.

25. 1.31 ZAHA HADID. Sheikh Zayed Bridge, Abu Dhabi. 2006.

26. 1.32 EUGÈNE DELACROIX. Liberty Leading the People (1830). Oil on canvas. 8’6” x 10’10”.

27. 1.33 SUZANNE LACY AND LESLIE LABOWITZ. In Mourning and in Rage (1977).
Performance at Los Angeles City Hall.

28. 1.34 BETYE SAAR. The Liberation of Aunt
Jemima (1972). Mixed media. 11-3⁄4” x 8” x
2-3⁄4”.

29. 1.35 MIRIAM SCHAPIRO. Wonderland (1983). Acrylic and fabric collage on canvas. 90” x 144” (framed)

30. 1.36 MARCEL DUCHAMP.
Fountain (1917). 1951 version after
lost original. Porcelain urinal. H:
24".

31. 1.39 JOSÉ CLEMENTE OROZCO. Epic of American Civilization: Hispano-America (c. 1932–1934).
Fresco. 10” x 9’11”.