2. the early history of photography
• Great slide show from About.com
• http://inventors.about.com/od/weirdmuseum
s/ig/Illustrated-History-Photograph/Camera-
Obscura.htm
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. The oldest known photograph in the world of a 17th century
Flemish engraving, made by the French inventor Nicephore
Niepce in 1825, with an heliography technical process.
8. Boulevard du Temple, Paris - Daguerreotype taken by Louis
Daguerre. Louis Daguerre circa 1838/39
15. Example of an Ambrotype - Unidentified
Florida SoldierPeriod of Use 1851 - 1880s
Popularity of the
daguerreotype
declined in the
late 1850s when
the ambrotype, a
faster and less
expensive
photographic
process, became
available.
16.
17. Calotype, 1835
The oldest
photographic
negative in
existence
The inventor of the
first negative from
which multiple
positive prints
were made was
Henry Fox Talbot.
18. • Talbot sensitized paper to light with a silver
salt solution. He then exposed the paper to
light. The background became black, and the
subject was rendered in gradations of grey.
This was a negative image, and from the paper
negative, photographers could duplicate the
image as many times as they wanted.
19. Tintype Photography - The tintype
photograpy process was patented in
1856 by Hamilton Smith.
• Daguerreotypes and tintypes were one of a kind
images and the image was almost always reversed left
to right.
• A thin sheet of iron was used to provide a base for
light-sensitive material, yielding a positive image.
Tintypes are a variation of the collodion wet plate
process. The emulsion is painted onto a japanned
(varnished) iron plate, which is exposed in the camera.
The low cost and durability of tintypes, coupled with
the growing number of traveling photographers,
enhanced the tintype’s popularity.
82. Terms to know
Daguerrotype
• Landscape photography
• Photojournalism
• Pure photography
• Which camera put photography into the hands of
everyday people?
• What was the first american conflict to be
recorded in photographs?
• Match camera artists to their type of
photography-
– Ansel adams, alfred steiglitz, dorothea lange, julia
margaret cameron
86. Things to know
• Origin of all types of graphic design
• Industrial revolution contributed greatly to
graphic design applications
• Symbols
• Typography
• Layout
• Graphic design
• Illustration
• Match artists to work : rockwell, toulouse -lautrec
87. • Graphic design – Visual presentation of information
– the goal is communication of a specific message
– Usually trying to sell something or give directions
• Sometimes called commercial art
– At SIU they call the degree a communications
design
88. Examples of things that are designed
before production
• Books • Book jackets
• Newspapers • Magazines
• Advertisements • Packaging
• Websites • CD covers
• Road signs • Logos
• Television & film credits
89. How old is graphic design art?
• Since the beginning of civilization
• Written languages
• Symbols
• Today’s graphic design is rooted in
– Invention of the printing press, 15th century
• Reproduction and distribution
– Industrial Revolution, 18th-19th centuries
Increased commercial applications
– Prior, most products were local
– After, mass manufacturing
90. symbols
• Most basic level of communication
• Letters are symbols
Ω Ж Φ Ш М
• Even arrows had to be developed
→ Δ
91. yin yang – dynamic balance of opposites,
explains existence
female/male
being/nonbeing
light/dark
action/inaction
opposites are
mutually
interdependent
both are
necessary to
make the whole
92. Symbols have no meaning in themselves,
they are given meaning by society.
The swastika dates back
to Neolithic Europe,
up to 5,700 yrs ago. Svastika = Sanskrit for good luck.
India
93. US Dept of
Transportation,
1974
developed to
communicate to
international travelers
by
Cook and Shanosky
Associates
95. typography
• The arrangement and appearance of letters
• Calligraphy • Font, typeface
• People began to pay special attention to this with the
invention of movable type, 1450
• Sometimes designers will create their own lettering
• Sometimes designers use a combination of typefaces
97. layout
• Blueprint for how an extended work such as a
book or magazine should look
– The way a page or a pair of pages are balanced
• Using smaller and larger shapes
• Using darker and lighter colors
• Generally asymmetrical
• Looking for a visual appeal
98. posters/ads
• Color lithography (19th century) brought about
eye-catching posters
– Color wasn’t practical in magazines or newspapers
• Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
– Flat simplified forms influenced by Japanese prints
– Immediately collector’s items
101. Constructivism – a graphic
design art movement after the
Russian Revolution of 1917
They had high hopes to create a
new society, wanted to make
art for the masses, not the elite.
They used bold compositions.
During the 1930s, the Soviet
gov’t abolished independent
artist groups, the gov’t
demanded all art to be clear,
easy to understand & realistic.
Poster for the 1930 film "Earth"
by the Stenberg brothers
103. illustration
• An image created to accompany words
– Books - Poems
– Magazines - Newspapers
• Illustration is a different kind of environment
for artists
– Tight deadlines
– The work is usually thrown away
• Illustrators usually find ways to work quickly but still
create striking images
104. Norman Rockwell
did about 6 covers a year for
The Saturday evening Post for over 40 yrs.
He did 322
covers for
TSEP
