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Introductory Statistics

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Brian Wells, MD, MS, MPH
Brian Wells, MD, MS, MPH

Presentation on introductory statistics

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Introductory Statistics Brian Wells, MSM, MPH With contributions from I. Alan Fein, MD, MPH
[object Object],[object Object],Intro to Statistics
Statistics – What’s It All About? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Statistics and the “Truth” ,[object Object],[object Object]
Statistics – Based on Probability and Multiple Assumptions ,[object Object],[object Object]
Statistics & the “Truth” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Types of Statistics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Null Hypothesis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Normality ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Why Is the Normal Distribution Important? ,[object Object],[object Object]
Gaussian Distribution
Why Examine the Data? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Beware small samples! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Variability of Measurements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Mean ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Standard Deviation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Single Sample Means ,[object Object]
Confidence Intervals ,[object Object],[object Object]
Confidence Intervals ,[object Object],[object Object]
Errors of Analysis/Detection ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Errors of Analysis TRUE STATE DECISION Null Hypothesis is Correct Null Hypothesis is wrong   Reject Null Hypothesis as Incorrect – i.e., find a difference   Type I ERROR probability =       CORRECT probability = 1-   "power" Accept Null Hypothesis – decide that there are no effects or differences CORRECT probability = 1 -     Type II ERROR probability =  
Statistical Significance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Two-Sample t -Test for Means (unequal variance) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Critical Values ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chart of Critical Values
What does it mean? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Analytics Recommendations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Thank you! Wells 2006

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Introductory Statistics

  • 1. Introductory Statistics Brian Wells, MSM, MPH With contributions from I. Alan Fein, MD, MPH
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  • 21. Errors of Analysis TRUE STATE DECISION Null Hypothesis is Correct Null Hypothesis is wrong   Reject Null Hypothesis as Incorrect – i.e., find a difference   Type I ERROR probability =       CORRECT probability = 1-   "power" Accept Null Hypothesis – decide that there are no effects or differences CORRECT probability = 1 -     Type II ERROR probability =  
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