The document discusses obesity, its causes, risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnosis tests, and treatment and management options. Obesity is defined as an excess accumulation of body fat that poses health risks and reduces life expectancy. It can be caused by factors such as high calorie intake, lack of physical activity, genetic predisposition, and certain medications. Treatment may involve lifestyle changes like diet and exercise at home or appetite suppressants and surgery in more severe cases. Complications of obesity include various diseases and conditions affecting the cardiovascular, respiratory and other body systems.

1. OBESITY
B.S MBULAWA
R129513C
HEHP 1
2013

3. From the National Health Strategy
2009-2013
 Poor habit and behaviour increase risk of NCDs
(ZimSTEPWISE Survey 2005).
 Main causes of common NCDs; accidents, chd & obesity.
 Obesity high in females.
 Global strategy of diet & physical activity.
 Behavioural Change Communication programmes.
 Inadeduate rehabilitation services.

4. Anatomy & physiology
 Obesity is a medical condition whereby excess body fat has
acumulated to an extend of imposing risk to one’s health &
reduction oflife expectancy.
 Adipose fat tissue, fluid & jelly.
 Round body.

6. Causes
 High energy intake and less physical activity.
 Chromosome & gene abnormality.
 Genetic predisposition.
 Hormonal problems eg hyperthyroidism.
 Some medicines eg corticosteroids.
 Endocrine disruptors.

8. Risk factors
 Sedentary lifestyle.
 Alcohol.
 Emotions.
 Pregnancy.
 Aging.
 Sleep.
 Smoking.

9. Signs & symptoms
Signs
 BMI>30.
 Waist circumference.
 Scale showing
overweight.
 Extra fat around waist.
Symptoms
 Increased sweating.
 Difficult in body
movement & locomotion.
 Difficult in breathing.

10. Diagnosis tests
 BMI.
 Waist circumference.
 Estimate body fat.
 Specialist check.

11. Treatment & management
At home
At hospital
 Appetite suppresants.
 Monitor calories intake.
 Health eating plan & food
choices.
 Food label checking.
 Physical exercise.
 General weight monitoring.
 Lifestyle.
 Medicine.
 Surgery.

13. Complications
 Obesity hypoventilation
syndrome.
 Osteoarthritis.
 Cancers.
 Sleep apnoea.
 Liver & gallstone diseases.
 Reproductive problems.
 Difficult operations.
 Cardiovascular diseases.
 High BP.
 Stroke.
 Abnormal blood fat.
 Diabetes mellitus 2
 Asthma.

14. Health promotion, Ottawa action
areas.
 Prevantion is a continuum.
 Advocacy in primary prevention.
 Educate for healthy choicesthrough BCC programme.
 Reorientation- rehabilitative services.
 Health policy in food production.
 Favourable environments.

15. THANK YOU !!