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Unit 4: Area of Study 2:
Ecologically Sustainable
     Development

   Terms and Definitions
Ecological sustainable development –
          what does it mean?

• Ecological ....

• Sustainable ....

• Development ....
Ecologically Sustainable Development
     Using, conserving and enhancing the
   community’s resources so that ecological
     processes, on which life depends, are
  maintained, and the quality of life for both
 present and future generations is maintained.
 This requires that human needs are satisfied,
  whilst using fewer resources and producing
                  less waste.
Tools for ESD
Risk assessment – Hazard Identification and
       assessment then risk estimation
             Risk management
             Life cycle analysis
          Precautionary principle
     Environmental impact assessment
   Environmental management systems
            Waste minimization
Life Cycle Analysis
Advantages                          Disadvantages
• Identifies most cost effective    • A subjective process –
  and efficient options for a          relative importance of
  product or service
                                       different kinds of
• Offers a ‘greener’ product to
  customers                            wastes/emissions must be
• May avoid some wastes, and           decided by someone
  therefore the costs of treating   • No accepted methodology
  the wastes
                                    • Confidentiality issues may
• May use less energy, and
  fewer resources, therefore           restrict data availability
  reducing costs                    • Costly, complex and time
• Reduces greenhouse                   consuming
  emissions
Environmental Management Systems
An Environmental Management System (EMS):
• Serves as a tool to improve environmental performance
• Provides a systematic way of managing an organization’s
  environmental affairs
• Is the aspect of the organization’s overall management
  structure that addresses immediate and long-term impacts
  of its products, services and processes on the environment
• Gives order and consistency for organizations to address
  environmental concerns through the allocation of
  resources, assignment of responsibility and ongoing
  evaluation of practices, procedures and processes
• Focuses on continual improvement of the system
Environmental Management System
The EMS process
                  Audit/review current
                     performance


                                                Devise a plan or
 Monitor the                                     policy to bring
new outcomes                                  about improvement
                                               in environmental
                                                   outcomes
                    Implement the
                     policy or plan

   This is a process of continual improvement, rather that one of
                 complying with rules or regulations.
Goals of EMS:
 • Less extraction of non-renewable resources
            • Decreased energy use
             • Decreased water use
        • Greater durability of products
• Reduced or zero emissions to the environment
                  • Less waste
   • Think in terms of energy, water & waste
Ecologically Sustainable Development
Ecologically Sustainable Development
                 (ESD)
• The aim of EMS is to increase the sustainability of
  projects and developments and move towards
  ecologically sustainable societies.
• In December 2002, the United Nations General
  Assembly proclaimed the years from 2005 to
  2014 the Decade of Education for Sustainable
  Development (DESD). Governments from around
  the world have been invited to strengthen their
  contribution to sustainability through a focus on
  education.
ISO 14000 and 14001
• ISO stands for the International Organisations for Standardization,
  located in Geneva, Switzerland.
• ISO 14000 refers to a family of voluntary standards and guidance
  documents to help organizations address environmental issues.
  Included in the family are standards for EMS, environmental and
  EMS auditing, environmental labelling, performance evaluation and
  life-cycle assessment.
• In September 1996, the International Organization for
  Standardization published the first edition of ISO 14001, the EMS
  standard. This is an international voluntary standard describing
  specific requirements for an EMS. ISO 14001 is a specification
  standard to which an organization may receive certification or
  registration. ISO 14001 is considered the foundation document of
  the entire series. A second edition of ISO 14001 was published in
  2004, updating the standard.
• ISO14001 is the dominant environmental management system in
  the world.
Ecologically Sustainable Development
Ecologically Sustainable Development
Some tools for Environmental
         Management - EIA
• Environmental Impact Assessment: A process
  whereby the impact on the environment of a
  project or development is assessed in terms of
  biodiversity, geology, water, energy, waste,
  historical and indigenous significance (if
  relevant) and social and economic changes.
Some tools for Environmental
       Management – EES or EIS
• Environmental Effects Statement (EES) or
  Environmental Impact Statement (EIS):
  The report produced as a result of an
  environmental impact statement that
  describes the effects/impacts of the
  project/development. This is mandated by
  planning regulators and available to
  stakeholders for consultation.
Some tools for Environmental
             Management
• Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) : Also called “cradle to grave
  analysis”, it is a technique to assess environmental impacts
  associated with all the stages of a product's life from-
  cradle-to-grave (i.e., from raw material extraction through
  materials processing, manufacture, distribution, use, repair
  and maintenance, and disposal or recycling).
• LCA’s can help avoid a narrow outlook on environmental
  concerns by:
• Compiling an inventory of relevant energy and material
  inputs and environmental releases;
• Evaluating the potential impacts associated with identified
  inputs and releases;
• Interpreting the results to help you make a more informed
  decision.
Some tools for Environmental
            Management - ERA
Environmental (or Ecological) Risk Assessment is the process of estimating
   the effects of human actions on a natural resource. It is comprised of the
   following steps:

• Planning the assessment by setting the management goals, objectives and
  resources available.
• Formulating the problem to determine the scope of the assessment.
• Identifying the ecological values and the likely hazards to these values.
• Analysing the risks to ecological values using qualitative, semi-qualitative
  or quantitative risk assessment methods.
• Characterising and ranking the risks, including uncertainties and
  assumptions, to make them accessible to decision makers and
  stakeholders.
• Developing a risk management plan to minimise the risks.
• Implementing the risk management plan.
• Monitoring the system to provide information on the effectiveness of the
  plan.
Ecologically Sustainable Development
Precautionary Principle
• The precautionary principle states that if an
  action or policy has a suspected risk of causing
  harm to the public or to the environment, in
  the absence of scientific consensus, that the
  action or policy is harmful, the burden of
  proof that it is not harmful falls on those
  taking the action.
Some examples of EMS:
Some Examples of EMS:
  Kimberly-Clark Australia was one of the first Australian
  companies to adopt a corporate environmental policy and
  develop its Environmental Management System (EMS) using
  ISO 14001. The company aims to:
• continually improve its environmental performance, prevent
  pollution and responsibly minimise and control its wastes
• plan, construct and operate all operating locations to comply
  with applicable regulations, to meet ISO 14001 or its
  equivalent and to act with due diligence for environmental
  protection and improvement
• source its paper-products fibre from either:
    – recycled fibre recovered from waste paper or
    – virgin fibre which is made from wood out of forests which have
      had their operations and management certified to one of the
      listed forest management systems1. We shall strive for 100%
      compliance while accepting 70% as a minimum
• help conserve resources by the design and production of
  products to reduce the use of raw materials, packaging and
  energy in manufacture, and by recycling production wastes.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA.
Regulatory frameworks
• Legislation that provides businesses and other
  organizations with legal guidelines for
  environmental protection.
• SEPPS (State Environmental Protection Policies)
  are an example of regulatory frameworks
  administered by the EPA
• Water authorities, DSE and the Departments of
  Climate Change and Planning may also have
  regulatory frameworks relevant to environmental
  issues.
REFERENCES:
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_man
  agement_system
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_cycle_assessme
  nt
• http://www.environment.gov.au/sustainability/g
  overnment/ems/index.html
• http://www.environment.gov.au/ssd/research/ec
  ol-risk.html
• “Environmental Risk Assessment – An Australian
  Perspective”
  http://www.environment.gov.au/ssd/publications
  /ssr/102.html

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KARNAADA.pptx made by - saransh dwivedi ( SD ) - SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...
 

Ecologically Sustainable Development

  • 1. Unit 4: Area of Study 2: Ecologically Sustainable Development Terms and Definitions
  • 2. Ecological sustainable development – what does it mean? • Ecological .... • Sustainable .... • Development ....
  • 3. Ecologically Sustainable Development Using, conserving and enhancing the community’s resources so that ecological processes, on which life depends, are maintained, and the quality of life for both present and future generations is maintained. This requires that human needs are satisfied, whilst using fewer resources and producing less waste.
  • 4. Tools for ESD Risk assessment – Hazard Identification and assessment then risk estimation Risk management Life cycle analysis Precautionary principle Environmental impact assessment Environmental management systems Waste minimization
  • 5. Life Cycle Analysis Advantages Disadvantages • Identifies most cost effective • A subjective process – and efficient options for a relative importance of product or service different kinds of • Offers a ‘greener’ product to customers wastes/emissions must be • May avoid some wastes, and decided by someone therefore the costs of treating • No accepted methodology the wastes • Confidentiality issues may • May use less energy, and fewer resources, therefore restrict data availability reducing costs • Costly, complex and time • Reduces greenhouse consuming emissions
  • 6. Environmental Management Systems An Environmental Management System (EMS): • Serves as a tool to improve environmental performance • Provides a systematic way of managing an organization’s environmental affairs • Is the aspect of the organization’s overall management structure that addresses immediate and long-term impacts of its products, services and processes on the environment • Gives order and consistency for organizations to address environmental concerns through the allocation of resources, assignment of responsibility and ongoing evaluation of practices, procedures and processes • Focuses on continual improvement of the system
  • 8. The EMS process Audit/review current performance Devise a plan or Monitor the policy to bring new outcomes about improvement in environmental outcomes Implement the policy or plan This is a process of continual improvement, rather that one of complying with rules or regulations.
  • 9. Goals of EMS: • Less extraction of non-renewable resources • Decreased energy use • Decreased water use • Greater durability of products • Reduced or zero emissions to the environment • Less waste • Think in terms of energy, water & waste
  • 11. Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD) • The aim of EMS is to increase the sustainability of projects and developments and move towards ecologically sustainable societies. • In December 2002, the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed the years from 2005 to 2014 the Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (DESD). Governments from around the world have been invited to strengthen their contribution to sustainability through a focus on education.
  • 12. ISO 14000 and 14001 • ISO stands for the International Organisations for Standardization, located in Geneva, Switzerland. • ISO 14000 refers to a family of voluntary standards and guidance documents to help organizations address environmental issues. Included in the family are standards for EMS, environmental and EMS auditing, environmental labelling, performance evaluation and life-cycle assessment. • In September 1996, the International Organization for Standardization published the first edition of ISO 14001, the EMS standard. This is an international voluntary standard describing specific requirements for an EMS. ISO 14001 is a specification standard to which an organization may receive certification or registration. ISO 14001 is considered the foundation document of the entire series. A second edition of ISO 14001 was published in 2004, updating the standard. • ISO14001 is the dominant environmental management system in the world.
  • 15. Some tools for Environmental Management - EIA • Environmental Impact Assessment: A process whereby the impact on the environment of a project or development is assessed in terms of biodiversity, geology, water, energy, waste, historical and indigenous significance (if relevant) and social and economic changes.
  • 16. Some tools for Environmental Management – EES or EIS • Environmental Effects Statement (EES) or Environmental Impact Statement (EIS): The report produced as a result of an environmental impact statement that describes the effects/impacts of the project/development. This is mandated by planning regulators and available to stakeholders for consultation.
  • 17. Some tools for Environmental Management • Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) : Also called “cradle to grave analysis”, it is a technique to assess environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a product's life from- cradle-to-grave (i.e., from raw material extraction through materials processing, manufacture, distribution, use, repair and maintenance, and disposal or recycling). • LCA’s can help avoid a narrow outlook on environmental concerns by: • Compiling an inventory of relevant energy and material inputs and environmental releases; • Evaluating the potential impacts associated with identified inputs and releases; • Interpreting the results to help you make a more informed decision.
  • 18. Some tools for Environmental Management - ERA Environmental (or Ecological) Risk Assessment is the process of estimating the effects of human actions on a natural resource. It is comprised of the following steps: • Planning the assessment by setting the management goals, objectives and resources available. • Formulating the problem to determine the scope of the assessment. • Identifying the ecological values and the likely hazards to these values. • Analysing the risks to ecological values using qualitative, semi-qualitative or quantitative risk assessment methods. • Characterising and ranking the risks, including uncertainties and assumptions, to make them accessible to decision makers and stakeholders. • Developing a risk management plan to minimise the risks. • Implementing the risk management plan. • Monitoring the system to provide information on the effectiveness of the plan.
  • 20. Precautionary Principle • The precautionary principle states that if an action or policy has a suspected risk of causing harm to the public or to the environment, in the absence of scientific consensus, that the action or policy is harmful, the burden of proof that it is not harmful falls on those taking the action.
  • 22. Some Examples of EMS: Kimberly-Clark Australia was one of the first Australian companies to adopt a corporate environmental policy and develop its Environmental Management System (EMS) using ISO 14001. The company aims to: • continually improve its environmental performance, prevent pollution and responsibly minimise and control its wastes • plan, construct and operate all operating locations to comply with applicable regulations, to meet ISO 14001 or its equivalent and to act with due diligence for environmental protection and improvement • source its paper-products fibre from either: – recycled fibre recovered from waste paper or – virgin fibre which is made from wood out of forests which have had their operations and management certified to one of the listed forest management systems1. We shall strive for 100% compliance while accepting 70% as a minimum • help conserve resources by the design and production of products to reduce the use of raw materials, packaging and energy in manufacture, and by recycling production wastes.
  • 23. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA.
  • 24. Regulatory frameworks • Legislation that provides businesses and other organizations with legal guidelines for environmental protection. • SEPPS (State Environmental Protection Policies) are an example of regulatory frameworks administered by the EPA • Water authorities, DSE and the Departments of Climate Change and Planning may also have regulatory frameworks relevant to environmental issues.
  • 25. REFERENCES: • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_man agement_system • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_cycle_assessme nt • http://www.environment.gov.au/sustainability/g overnment/ems/index.html • http://www.environment.gov.au/ssd/research/ec ol-risk.html • “Environmental Risk Assessment – An Australian Perspective” http://www.environment.gov.au/ssd/publications /ssr/102.html