1. ECO-ENTERPRISES
Opportunities for Greening the
Economy in Key Sectors
Workshop Presentation for the NYCCC-V
Mully Children’s Family
14th November 2012
Buoga, Jared Omondi – Program Director, Tembea
Youth Centre for Sustainable Development
Email: buogager@gmail.com

2. WORKSHOP OUTLINE
• OBJECTIVES of the workshop
• DEFINITIONS
• NATURAL CAPITAL-primary basis for primary
PRODUCTION
• EXAMPLE INTERLUDE…
• GROUP WORK-BASICS FOR ACTION

3. WORKSHOP OBJECTIVES
• Identify key economic sectors of our economy
with high eco-enterprise potentials
• Recognize challenges and opportunities in key
economic sectors
• Explore options for interventions relevant for
eco-enterprise set-up
• Examples of successful eco-investments and
initiatives as basis to spur local action

4. DEFINITIONS
• Sustainable Forest Management:- Sustainable Forest
Management aims to ensure that the goods and services
derived from the forest meet present-day needs while at
the same time securing their continued availability and
contribution to long-term development. In its broadest
sense, forest management encompasses the
administrative, legal, technical, economic, social and
environmental aspects of the conservation and use of
forests. It implies various degrees of deliberate human
intervention, ranging from actions aimed at safeguarding
and maintaining the forest ecosystem and its functions, to
favoring specific socially or economically valuable species
or groups of species for the improved production of goods
and services (FAO)

5. • Resource Efficiency:- means reducing the total
environmental impact of the production and
consumption of goods and services, from raw
material extraction to final use and disposal.
(UNEP)
• Ecosystem Services: - are the benefits people
obtain from ecosystems. These include
provisioning services such as food and water;
regulating services such as flood and disease
control; cultural services such as spiritual,
recreational, and cultural benefits; and supporting
services, such as nutrient cycling, that maintain the
conditions for life on Earth. (Millennium Ecosystem
Assessment)

6. • Bio-Char: Biochar is the charred by-product of
biomass pyrolysis, the heating of plant-derived
material in the absence of oxygen in order to
capture combustible gases.
• Green Jobs: are those jobs maintained or
created in the transition process towards a
green economy that are either provided by low-
carbon intensive industries (enterprises) or by
industries (enterprises) whose primary output
function is to greening the economy. (IILS)

7. NATURAL CAPITAL-Agriculture
Challenges:
DEMAND SIDE SUPPLY SIDE
Food Security Limited Availability of Land,
Water, Mineral inputs and rural
labour
Population Growth Increasing Vulnerability of
agriculture to climate change
Rising Incomes Pre-harvest and post harvest
losses
Competition with Biofuels

8. Opportunities in Agriculture
• The UNEP Green Economy Report (UNEP
2011) states that the green agriculture is
capable of reducing poverty as well as
nourishing a growing and more demanding
world population at higher nutritional levels
by 2050.
• Opportunities include increased awareness by
governments, donor interest in supporting
agriculture development

9. Opportunities -contd
• Growing interest of private investors in
sustainable agriculture and increasing
consumer demand for sustainably produced
food

10. Investment Options- Agriculture
• Investment in R&D and Agri-Businesses:
Investments to develop, deploy and diffuse
resource-efficient technologies and
agricultural inputs, farming practices, and
seed and livestock varieties to counter the
environmental externalities that are often
associated with the green revolution.

11. Investment Options- Agriculture
• Plant and Animal Health Management (PAHM)
Field trials of improved PAHM practices have resulted in
increased profitability of farms. One of the most
effective techniques is known as “push-pull”, which
involves intercropping, for example, certain species of
legumes and grasses with maize. Aromas produced by
legumes planted on the perimeter of a field pushes
maize pests, while aromas produced by the grasses pull
insects to lay eggs on them rather than on the maize.
This technique has significantly increased maize yields
in eastern Africa.

12. Investment Options - Agriculture
• Strengthening the Supply Chains for Green
Products and Farm Inputs:
Investments in developing new markets could (i)
create new and high return employment
opportunities; (ii) shorten the field-to-market
supply chains, and thus offer better prices to
farmers; and (iii) help maintain the price
premiums (Clark and Alexander, 2010).

13. Investment Options- Agriculture
• Farm Mechanization and Post-Harvest
Storage
Appropriate mechanisation of small and medium
farms could significantly increase agricultural
productivity and help green farming practices.
With regard to post harvest storage, small
investments in simple technologies such as metal
silos and sealed packaging can bring about
multiple economic benefits.

14. Improving soil and water
management and diversifying crops
and livestock
Strategies include growing and integrating back
in soil nitrogen fixing fodder and green
manure crops such as pea, ferns and cloves or
rice straw, no-tillage and planting new seeds
in crop residues, using waste biomass or bio-
char and organic and mineral fertilizers.
However, such strategies do require additional
investments.

15. NATURAL Capital-Forestry
• Challenges:
The major challenges facing the forest sector
include the loss of forest, competing land
uses, as well as market, policy and
governance failures.
These challenges are connected. Competing
land uses, especially from agriculture, are
immediate causes of forest loss. These
competing land uses are, in turn, driven by
market, policy and governance failures

16. Opportunities - Forestry
• The establishment of sustainable forest
management (SFM) criteria and indicators;
• The growth of protected areas;
• The concept of reducing emissions from
deforestation and forest degradation in
developing countries (REDD); and
• The growing acceptance of payments for
ecosystem services.

17. Investment Options
• Green investment directed to improving
management in existing forests and
agroforestry systems to ensure they continue
to provide a wide range of ecosystem services
• Such investment can only be considered green
if it ensures that the forests conserved,
established or restored meet principles of
sustainable forest management, and balance
the needs of different stakeholders

18. 18
Integrated ECO-ENTREPRISE
programmes in Kenya
1. Kenya-World Bank Arid Lands Resources Management Project (ALRMP
1996-2011).
2. EU Community Development Trust Fund (CDTF), 1996-2014.
3. Kenya-UNDP Environment, Energy and Climate Change Programme.
4. The western Kenya Community Driven Development and Flood Mitigation
Programme (WKCDD&FMP).
5. Mt. Kenya East Pilot Programme (MKEPP).
6. NCA PROJECTS ACROSS THE COUNTRY

19. Example - Friends of Kinangop Integrated Project
• Established in Kinangop Plateau
1997
• Core activities
– Biodiversity conservation
– 3 community sanctuaries
– Community biodiversity
research and monitoring
– Eco-tourism
– Wool-spinning and making
wool products
– Beekeeping and honey
production
– Organic farming
– Family planning
– HIV/AIDS awareness
19

20. Natural Capital-Fisheries
• Challenges
The main challenge of global fisheries is over-
capitalization, resulting in the depletion of
fishery resources, which in turns affects
nutrition and the livelihood for millions of
fishermen all over the world (Hatcher and
Robinson, 1999; Munro and Sumaila, 2002).

21. Opportunities
• The world’s marines fisheries are socially and
economically vital, providing animal protein and
supporting food security to over 1billion people
globally.
• Transforming the world’s fisheries could help
restore damaged marine ecosystems. When
managed intelligently, fisheries can sustain a
greater number of communities and enterprises,
generating employment and raising household
income, particularly for those engaged in
artisanal fishing.

22. WATER
• Challenges:
• Water, a basic necessity for sustaining life, goes
undelivered to many of the world’s poor
(WHO/UNICEF, 2010; UNICEF, 2004).
• The existing inadequacies in provision of water
and sanitation services generate considerable
social costs and economic inefficiencies, in fact,
when sanitation services are inadequate, the
costs of water-borne disease are high.
• Continuing current practices can lead to a
massive and unsustainable gap between global
supply and demand for water withdrawal.

23. Opportunities
• Investments in the water sector can lead to a
decrease in water demand and an increase in
water supply and can improve access to clean
water and adequate sanitation services, whilst
at the same time creating jobs and enabling
the green economy transition in other
economic sectors.

24. Investment Options in Water
• Investment in water sector should be geared
towards improving efficiency of use, and increase
supply and water quality
• As the world’s population increases, more water
will be needed for household and industrial
purposes with the consequence that in many
areas subject to water scarcity, either more food
will have to be imported, or more food produced
with less water.
• Investments in water efficiency could thus save
costs and support local economic growth, and
increase resilience to climate change.

25. Options…
• Declines in supply could be avoided by investing in
biodiversity and ecosystem services.
• It is estimated that ecosystem health and function
will decline, negatively impacting world’s water river
systems and aquifers (the UN World Water
Development Report 2010).
• In particular, investments in smaller, local water-
supply systems (e.g., smaller storage systems that
are built by and serve local communities) can
prevent degradation of water ecosystems and are
likely to yield greater returns (Schreiner et al., 2010).

26. 26
CONFIGURATION OF
ECO-ENTERPRISES IN KENYA
1. Kiunga Marine Reserve Conservation and
Development Project in Coast Region
2. Il Ngwesi Community Ecotourism and
Conservation Project in ASAL Region
3. Sauri Millennium Village Project in the Lake
Region
4. Kenya Water for Health Organization (KWAHO)
Project in Nairobi Urban Region

27. 27
ECO- ENTERPRISES
Assessment Sites:-
Kiunga national reserve
• Remote marine national reserve in East Africa
Marine Ecoregion
• A poverty and insecurity area
• High population growth area
• Heavy pressure on fishery and sea turtles
• Project - WWF, USAID, KWS, FD, FD
• One of the few integrated PHE case
WWF Kiunga Project WWF Kiunga Project

28. 28
Kiunga – Project Interventions
• Population interventions
– Reproductive health/FP
– Water supply
– Household hygiene
– Education
– Sustainable fishery
• Health interventions
– Mobile clinic
– Dispensary
– Child immunization
– Malaria Control
• Environmental interventions
– Community-based species
conservation
– Beach clean-ups
• The Flip-flop Project

29. 29
Il Ngwesi Ecotourism Development
Project
• A dry land Maasai communal
pastoralism area in Laikipia District
• An important wildlife area outside
the protected areas
• A EU/CDTF project
• Cross-sectoral approach

30. 30
Il Ngwesi – Project Interventions1. Population interventions
– Community eco-lodge
– Water supply
– Education
– Security
– Transport and communication
– Livelihoods - Cultural market
2. Health interventions
– Mobile clinic
– HIV/AIDS awareness campaigns
– Malaria control
3. Environmental interventions
– Wildlife conservation
– Grazing management
– Catchment protection
– Tree planting

31. 31
Sauri Millenium Village
Project
• A village of 4,648 people
in Siaya
• Part of the UN-MDG
Millennium Village Project

32. 32
Sauri – Project Interventions
• Population interventions
• Agriculture and food security
• Education
• Water supply
• Transport and communication
• Housing, hygiene and energy
• Health interventions
• Health infrastructure & medicare
• HIV/AIDS support
• Environment interventions
• Watershed protection
• Riparian zone protection
• Tree planting

33. 33
Kenya Water for Health Organization
(KWAHO) Project, Kibera Slums, Nairobi
• One of the largest urban
slums in Africa - ~225 ha
• Approximately 0.5 million
people and almost 2000
people per hectare
• Poor shelter and services
conditions

34. 34
KWAHO – Project Interventions
Population interventions
• Water supply
• Water treatment-SODIS
• Household hygiene
Health interventions
• Sanitation – VIP toilets
Environment interventions
• Slum garbage management

35. ENERGY EFFICIENT COOKSTOVES
FOR SIAYA COMMUNITIES
• This project aims to mitigate these impacts by
introducing energy efficient cook stoves to Siaya
communities in Kenya. The efficient cook stove is
a biomass rocket stove designed for burning
wood and consisting of two cooking units that
can be separately fired. The stove is fixed and
installed in households

36. TEMBEA YOUTH CENTRE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 36
• MUD-BRICK FIX-
TEMBEA EFFICIENT
COOKSTOVE

37. Construction in progress
TEMBEA YOUTH CENTRE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 37

38. Project status and milestones
Applicant GS879 – Registration pathway…
1. Local stakeholders consultative meeting done
2. Kitchen survey and Kitchen Test and analysis complete – May
2011
3. PDD and GS Passport writing – Sept 2011
4. Validation/visits and completion of technical review - FVReport
5. Stakeholder feedback round
6. Registration – running parallel to monitoring and usage survey
July 2012
7. 1st Verification Period
8. 1st Issuance – June 2013
9. 6274 cookstoves constructed in corresponding households
10. 233 community savings and loaning groups established and
operating
TEMBEA YOUTH CENTRE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 38

39. Estimated amount of emission
reductions
Years(starting 01 January and
ending 31 December)
Annual estimation of emission
reductions in tonnes of CO2e
2011 4,203
2012 17,327
2013 31,188
2014 45,049
2015 58,910
2016 72,771
2017 86,633
Total emission reductions (tonnes of
CO2e)
316,080
Total number of crediting years 7
Annual average over the crediting
period of estimated reductions (tonnes
of CO2e)
45,154
TEMBEA YOUTH CENTRE FOR
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
39

40. TEMBEA YOUTH CENTRE FOR
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
40

41. Project status and milestones
• CS&L reached have helped mobilize over
5,928 households
• CS&L net saving value of saving over KES
2,854,950.80 as of 31st May 2012.
• Over 70% of the households accessing
efficient cookstoves through CS&L
• 50 Artisans (31 men, 19 women) trained,
certified, and operating
TEMBEA YOUTH CENTRE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 41

42. Group Exercise
• In 4 groups based on thematic areas
– Agriculture
– Water
– Forestry
– Fisheries
Examine eco-enterprise opportunities in your
locality, outlining the building blocks – as target
customers/clients, source of income, stakeholders
involved, and scope(geographical).

43. END
OF
SECTION ONE