What s an Event ? How Ontologies and Linguistic Semantics ...

What‘s an Event ? How Ontologies and Linguistic Semantics Shape Upcoming Challenges for Machine Learning Models of Event Extraction Udo Hahn Jena University Language and Information Engineering (JULIE) Lab www.julielab.de ECML PKDD 2008 European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases Workshop on High-Level Information Extraction 15-19 September, Antwerp, Belgium

Relations, Events, Semantic Roles,.. Narrative Report: John Doe is a naturalized United States citizen from Iran. His immediate family ( father , mother and two sisters) still live in Iran. … He has traveled to Gaza 6x w/in the last year. ACE TDT SemEval John Doe: [category = person] citizenship = United States origin = Iran relative = father … father: [category = person] residence = Iran event = traveled arg0 = he ( John Doe ) arg1= Gaza frequency = 6 times duration = the last year

Relational Knowledge Types ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Hand Washing Event (1/2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Hand Washing Event (2/2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What‘s Hand Washing? How Mayo Clinic Guidelines Shape Upcoming Challenges for Machine Learning Models of Event Extraction Udo Hahn Jena University Language and Information Engineering (JULIE) Lab www.julielab.de ECML PKDD 2008 European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases Workshop on High-Level Information Extraction 15-19 September, Antwerp, Belgium

Approaches to Event Modeling ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Events as Entities unary relations ... ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],HandWashing

Flat Events Yet another breed of n-ary relations ... ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],HandWashing( Agent, Patient, Instruments, InState, OutState, ...)

A remark on type constraints ...

Features for Flat Events ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Hand Washing as a Complex Activity

Decomposition into Subevents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],HandWashing( ...) Wet-w-Water( ... ) ApplySoap( ... ) RubHands( ...) Rinse( ...) Dry-w-Towel( ...)

Interleaving of Subevents Hard-wired Ordinal Connectivity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],HandWashing( ...) 1. Wet-w-Water( ... ) 2. ApplySoap( ... ) 3. RubHands( ...) 4. Rinse( ...) 5. Dry-w-Towel( ...)

Interleaving of Subevents Triggered Connectivity (ICs, Rules) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],HandWashing( ...) Wet-w-Water( ... ) ApplySoap( ... ) RubHands( ...) Rinse( ...) Dry-w-Towel( ...) A : hands fully soaped B : no more soap left C : hands clean & dry A B C

Interleaving of Subevents Scripting for (Inter)Connectivity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Lexical Encoding of Events ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Textual Encoding of Events ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What‘s so Special about Events ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Formal Description of Knowledge Types

(Some of) The Challenges of Event Representation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Machine Learning Challenges of Event Extraction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Clinical Events: Guidelines National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/CG66T2DQRG.pdf (for diabetis – type 2)

Clinical Events: Formalization of Guidelines Y. Shavar, S. Miksch, P. Johnson AI in Medicine, 1997 G. Duftschmidt, S. Miksch, W. Gall AI in Medicine, 2002

Biological Events: Gene Regulation Figure: Positive and Negative Regulation of Gene Transcription (Expression). http://employees.csbsju.edu/hjakubowski/classes/ch331/bind/olbindtransciption.html ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What s an Event ? How Ontologies and Linguistic Semantics ...

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