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Rapid Assessment Report


Floods and heavy downpour in West
           Bengal, India

             June, 2011




        Assessment conducted by




                                    1
Assessment date: 24th June, 2011

Assessment team:
Oxfam India – Mr. Pradeep Bharwad (Technical Assistance), Mr. Bhaswar Banerjee, Mr. Amit
Sengupta
Save the Children - Mr. Abinash Lahkar, Mr. Piyush Kumar
Kajla Jana Kalyan Samity - Tapas Jana and Dipak Banerjee

Areas assessed: Moyna & Panskura Block of East Midnapore District of West Bengal.

Background:
Severe incessant rain led to a flood situation in several
parts of West Bengal affecting 6,71,952 people across 9
districts. This resulted in 2,00,000 homeless in East &
West Midnapore districts of West Bengal. In addition, the
cause of flooding in low lying areas in West and East
Midnapur was the release of water from reservoirs
(Damoda valley corporation barrage).

Rains have ceased in many parts of the state and there
are reports of waters receding in some of the worst hit
areas of the state. The situation is slowly returning to        Photo showing widespread destruction due
normalcy.                                                            to flooding in East Chilka village

Affected areas – 200,000 people in five blocks of Moyna, Tamluk, Nandakumar and Panskura I
and II in East Midnapore are displaced due to the floods. In West Midnapore, Sabong and
Daspur are affected.

Government has initiated a rapid response to the floods. Relief materials distributed so far are –
tarpaulin; fuel; clothing, and boats being sent in from other districts for search and rescue. There
are no reports of any cash compensation being given to the affected families. Government
survey of damage is currently ongoing. There are no clear indications of the WASH situation in
the affected area, or of the risks that are likely to arise over the next few days.

The IAG states that the govt. has not requested for any external help to address any of the
needs in the affected area.

Details of Assessment Areas:

District                 Block              Panchyats               Villages

East Midnapore           Moyna              Tilkhoja, Moyna 1       East Dobandhi, Garsafat &
                                                                    GarMoyna
                         Panskura-1         Radhaballavpur          East Chilka & East Chilka
                                                                    Lalchand High School Relief
                                                                    camp



                                                                                                           2
Map of Medinipur (Mednapore) - East & West:




                                                                  Assessed area




Damage Overview of the Visited area:

 District &       Name of the             No. of        No. of    Crop Area    Number
   Block             Affected           households    Displaced   damage in       of
              Panchayats and No.         Affected    Households   the Block    schools
               of Village Affected                                   (In       affected
                                                                   Hectare)
East          Tilkhoja, Moyna- I,       4000 HH*     745**        2482.5**    5 primary
Midnapore     Moyna-II (Visited)                                              schools
district-     Srikhantha partly                                               and 2 SSK
Moyna Block   damaged panchyats
              and 7 Villages affected

East          Radhaballavpur            5000 HH*     75***                    3 schools
Midnapore     (Visited)&                                                      in Purba
district-     Purusottampur GP and                                            Chilka
Panskura      8 Villages
Block
                                                                                          3
* Information shared by affected communities
** Information received from Block office
*** SITREP, Kajla Janakalyan Samity, 22 June 2011

Field Visit Observations:

General:
During the assessment it is found that -
       Flooding has been primarily caused by breaching
       of the embankments; hence it is not widespread
       and circumscribed within specific areas only.
       Affected people have taken refuge on nearby
       embankments and relief centres run by different
       charities.
       Government response has been observed in the
       form of tarpaulin sheets and food items.
       Different charities are also providing cooked food
       to the affected people.
                                                               Photo showing repair of the breach in the
       Flood waters are receding rapidly and people
                                                              embankment in progress in Dobandi village
       have started returning and are in the process of
       cleaning their homes.
       It will be only a matter of few days before the remaining people will be able to go back to
       their homes.
       Repair of the breached embankments is in full swing and should be completed within the
       next few days.
       Affected families need basic relief only during the intervening period, and currently it is
       being provided by the government and other charities.
       For affected people who have lost the current crop (and harvest) may require some
       support until the next cropping season. Perhaps the government will compensate the
       loss and this should be monitored.
       Some people have lost their houses. They will need support in repair/reconstruction and
       this should be advocated with the government if there is no support being provided to
       them.

Public Health-Water Sanitation:
During the assessment it is found that -
       In the affected villages several hand pumps in the
       affected areas are still submerged in flood water
       except those situated on the embankment or on
       higher ground.
       For last 24 hours flood water level has started to
       recede and many of the submerged hand pumps
       are becoming accessible. However, the water
       drawn from such sources appears to be turbid
       and possibly contaminated (Direct observation &            Photo showing damaged handpump at East
       Community feedback).                                                    Chilka village
       In all the areas visited Government temporary
                                                                                                           4
health camps are operational with health sub-center staff distributing (as per need)
       Halogen tablets, ORS and other basic essential medicines. Discussions with community
       revealed that use of halogen at household level is low because of strong odour of
       Chlorine.
       Local administration with PRI has started hand pump disinfection using bleaching
       powder but household level water storage and treatment remains inadequate and
       inappropriate due to lack of proper Information, Education & Communication (IEC).
       As per PHC workers, no cases of acute diarrhoea are reported. However, sporadic
       cases are reported and almost 300 people have received medication. There are also
       cases of skin infections reported and medication
       has been distributed by the government.
       In some affected pockets, local administration
       supplied drinking water through tankers and
       distributed drinking water in plastic pouches. In
       Purba Chilka village, Ramkrishna Mission
       distributed UNICEF hygiene kits.
       Due to submergence of household pit-latrines
       (where they existed), affected people are
       resorting to open defecation on/near the
       embankments.                                          Photo showing people using highly turbid
       Presently, the chances of any outbreak are low                water at Dobandi village
       but could change if there is any spell of rain.

Shelter:
       The shelter structures in the visited area are
       largely characterized by either mud houses with
       thatched or mud tiles roofs and few concrete
       houses. In areas visited, the percentages of
       households       with      concrete        houses and
       households with mud houses are respectively
       20% & 80%.
       Many of the mud houses have collapsed, and in
       submerged houses mud has deposited up to 3-4
       feet.
       People had to take shelter in the embankment or             Photo showing structural damage to
       relief camps established in schools.                            houses in East Chilka village
       Tarpaulin has been distributed by the
       government to the affected families.
                                                          It was also observed that where waters
                                                          have receded, people have started
                                                          cleaning and repairing their houses on
                                                          their own.
                                                          Out of the entire affected families in the
                                                          villages visited, approx 20% were
                                                          displaced and living on the embankments,
                                                          schools or in other relief camps. With
                                                          waters receding, people have started
                                                          returning to their homes, thereby bringing
           Photo showing people taking shelter on
                embankment at Moyna I GP
                                                                                                      5
down the number of persons in the relief camps.

Food security and livelihood
      As per the affected people, damage to the betel
      leaf plantations and jute fields have caused
      (though short & medium term) significant
      livelihood problems.
      Few cases of loss of paddy seed beds are
      reported by community.
      In some areas, agricultural land is still water
      logged and expected to remain so, and as per the
      local people, it will not be possible to cultivate
      these fields at least for another year.
      However, no immediate food insecurity is                 Photo showing damage to betel plantation
      observed as families are coping through existing                    at Dobandi village
      food grain stock or available cash.
      A threat of insufficient access to food remains in case of families dependent on daily
      wage labour due to the sudden drop in availability of work. A large section of the affected
      households in Moyna 1 GP belong to this category. However, as per primary observation
      and information, it may be a temporary phenomenon.
      Local markets are functioning well and essential commodities are available. No rise in
      prices of essential items is reported, except for few localized agricultural products.

Child Protection

Through the assessment it was found that -

           Separated children: There are no reported cases of children who are by themselves
           (with no adult care).
           Physical safety:
               It is found that children are with their respective families and are spending their
               time with their families whereby risks to physical safety is minimised
               There are no places for children to play now. Some children are spending their
               time on the embankment where they and their families have taken temporary
               shelter. Many children and families are still in their houses though houses are not
               completely dried out of flood water and cleaned.
           Psychological concerns
               Interaction with several children showed no perceptible signs of psycho-social
               stress. However, psychological stress may manifest in adolescent girls as there
               is no privacy for them while accessing toilet facilities (primarily open defecation
               now), bathing facilities (ponds).
           Child Rights
               In relation to health/education/shelter/food no grave risks to fulfillment of rights
               were found. However, access to schools is temporarily disrupted, which is likely
               to resume soon. In the mid-term there maybe threat to food security in case of
               children in the daily wage labourer families due to resultant livelihood/household
               economic crisis.

                                                                                                     6
There are no existing social forums or spaces for children’s participation within
               the affected population

            Vulnerable groups: The already existing patterns of and vulnerability are caste, age
            and gender based.
                 Other Backward Class (Muslim) and Scheduled Caste (SC) communities are
                 found to be affected the most and also more vulnerable. The reasons are, first,
                 majority of the affected communities are either OBC or SC; second, because
                 majority of families in these two communities are economically vulnerable who do
                 not have land and depend on daily wage labour or migratory semi-skilled labour
                 work.
                 A sizeable section of the upper age group children in these two affected
                 communities are found to drop out of school and start working. Girls get engaged
                 in household work and boys start working to earn a livelihood.
            Existing and potential resources:
       -    There are no agencies providing any protection services
       -    It is found that the likelihood of any teachers, spiritual leaders and others who can
            recognize and assist children with developmental and behavioural problems is very
            low

Education
            Access to education services:
               Education is not accessible to all children though flood water has receded from
               schools
               Few primary schools are still submerged in flood-water
               Schools will reopen, according to community members and PRI members, within
               7-15 days.

            Impact on education provision
               6 schools are reported by the community to be partially damaged Purba
               Deoband and Purba Deoband Patna Villages
               Teachers are not directly affected by the emergency but in case of some schools
               they are able to access the schools

Role of Government
       In the assessed areas, as of now local
       administration has distributed one tarpaulin sheet
       to each affected family.
       Local administration has also distributed 1-1 ½ of
       kg of flattened rice, 250 grams jaggery, 1-2
       kilograms of rice per family in the affected
       community.
       Health department temporary field medical camps
       are operational in different blocks and with
       supplies of essential medicines, field health
       workers and ASHA workers are closely                    Photo showing health department workers
       monitoring the overall health condition.                        present at Dobandi village


                                                                                                         7
Role of NGOs and INGOs
       Charities like All India Minority Association (AIMA)
       are running community kitchens in some pockets
       for last 3 days. They have also provided electricity
       generators and lighting facilities in East and West
       Chilka relief camps on the embankment.
       Through the charity Ramkrishna Mission, UNICEF
       distributed Hygiene Kits to the community in East
       Chilka.
       Sporadic relief distribution by local clubs and
       individuals are also reported.                              Photo showing AIMA-run community
                                                                     kitchen near East Chilka village


Overall Recommendations-

 Sector                Short term (next 15 days)                              Mid-term
WASH           Ensuring safe drinking water possibly          Decide on need for any intervention
               through both source and household level        if the situation worsens due to heavy
               treatment to remove turbidity and any          rainfall in future or pending repairs of
               faecal contamination; provision of             the breaches in the embankments
               temporary toilets (very difficult given the    which are the cause of the current
               space constraints on the embankments)          flooding.
Shelter        No immediate shelter aid is necessary          Monitor the implementation by PRI
                                                              and local administration of any
                                                              compensation package declared by
                                                              government. If not, advocate for a
                                                              compensation package for the
                                                              affected families
Food           There is no immediate unmet need of            Detailed Livelihood sectoral
Security       external food aid                              assessment may reveal the long
and                                                           term impact of the crop loss and the
Livelihood                                                    intervention need either directly or
                                                              through advocacy.
Child          Advocate with the district and local           If heavy rainfall changes the
Protection     administration to install temporary, secure    situation to worse, then a detailed
               toilet blocks, especially targeting            assessment would be necessary to
               adolescent girls and women                     prevent existing child protection risks

               Advocate with the district administration
               to resume ICDS centres as soon as
               possible
Education      To advocate with the state, district and       If necessary,
               block administration that till schools
               resume temporary educational spaces
               are initiated


                                                                                                        8
Key Local Contacts GO/NGO-

Sl.   Name                   Organization/Designation                        Contact No
No
1     Mr. Sk. Sahajahan      Pradhan- Tilkhoja GP                            9732604439
2     Mr. Akbar Ali Khan     Sachib- Gram Unnayan Samiti- Moyna- 1           9800772676
3     Ms. Bandana Bera Das   Health Supervisor- PHC                          9732901881
4     Mr. Ganesh Chandra     Health Assistant- ACMHO office East Medinipur   09930309761
      Nayak
5     Mr. Tapas Jana         Staff, Kajla Janakalyan Samity, Contai, East    09732525931
                             Medinipur
6     Mr. Dipak Banerjee     Staff, Kajla Janakalyan Samity Contai, East
                             Medinipur




End of Document.




                                                                                          9

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Rapid assessment report West Bengal Flood 2011

  • 1. Rapid Assessment Report Floods and heavy downpour in West Bengal, India June, 2011 Assessment conducted by 1
  • 2. Assessment date: 24th June, 2011 Assessment team: Oxfam India – Mr. Pradeep Bharwad (Technical Assistance), Mr. Bhaswar Banerjee, Mr. Amit Sengupta Save the Children - Mr. Abinash Lahkar, Mr. Piyush Kumar Kajla Jana Kalyan Samity - Tapas Jana and Dipak Banerjee Areas assessed: Moyna & Panskura Block of East Midnapore District of West Bengal. Background: Severe incessant rain led to a flood situation in several parts of West Bengal affecting 6,71,952 people across 9 districts. This resulted in 2,00,000 homeless in East & West Midnapore districts of West Bengal. In addition, the cause of flooding in low lying areas in West and East Midnapur was the release of water from reservoirs (Damoda valley corporation barrage). Rains have ceased in many parts of the state and there are reports of waters receding in some of the worst hit areas of the state. The situation is slowly returning to Photo showing widespread destruction due normalcy. to flooding in East Chilka village Affected areas – 200,000 people in five blocks of Moyna, Tamluk, Nandakumar and Panskura I and II in East Midnapore are displaced due to the floods. In West Midnapore, Sabong and Daspur are affected. Government has initiated a rapid response to the floods. Relief materials distributed so far are – tarpaulin; fuel; clothing, and boats being sent in from other districts for search and rescue. There are no reports of any cash compensation being given to the affected families. Government survey of damage is currently ongoing. There are no clear indications of the WASH situation in the affected area, or of the risks that are likely to arise over the next few days. The IAG states that the govt. has not requested for any external help to address any of the needs in the affected area. Details of Assessment Areas: District Block Panchyats Villages East Midnapore Moyna Tilkhoja, Moyna 1 East Dobandhi, Garsafat & GarMoyna Panskura-1 Radhaballavpur East Chilka & East Chilka Lalchand High School Relief camp 2
  • 3. Map of Medinipur (Mednapore) - East & West: Assessed area Damage Overview of the Visited area: District & Name of the No. of No. of Crop Area Number Block Affected households Displaced damage in of Panchayats and No. Affected Households the Block schools of Village Affected (In affected Hectare) East Tilkhoja, Moyna- I, 4000 HH* 745** 2482.5** 5 primary Midnapore Moyna-II (Visited) schools district- Srikhantha partly and 2 SSK Moyna Block damaged panchyats and 7 Villages affected East Radhaballavpur 5000 HH* 75*** 3 schools Midnapore (Visited)& in Purba district- Purusottampur GP and Chilka Panskura 8 Villages Block 3
  • 4. * Information shared by affected communities ** Information received from Block office *** SITREP, Kajla Janakalyan Samity, 22 June 2011 Field Visit Observations: General: During the assessment it is found that - Flooding has been primarily caused by breaching of the embankments; hence it is not widespread and circumscribed within specific areas only. Affected people have taken refuge on nearby embankments and relief centres run by different charities. Government response has been observed in the form of tarpaulin sheets and food items. Different charities are also providing cooked food to the affected people. Photo showing repair of the breach in the Flood waters are receding rapidly and people embankment in progress in Dobandi village have started returning and are in the process of cleaning their homes. It will be only a matter of few days before the remaining people will be able to go back to their homes. Repair of the breached embankments is in full swing and should be completed within the next few days. Affected families need basic relief only during the intervening period, and currently it is being provided by the government and other charities. For affected people who have lost the current crop (and harvest) may require some support until the next cropping season. Perhaps the government will compensate the loss and this should be monitored. Some people have lost their houses. They will need support in repair/reconstruction and this should be advocated with the government if there is no support being provided to them. Public Health-Water Sanitation: During the assessment it is found that - In the affected villages several hand pumps in the affected areas are still submerged in flood water except those situated on the embankment or on higher ground. For last 24 hours flood water level has started to recede and many of the submerged hand pumps are becoming accessible. However, the water drawn from such sources appears to be turbid and possibly contaminated (Direct observation & Photo showing damaged handpump at East Community feedback). Chilka village In all the areas visited Government temporary 4
  • 5. health camps are operational with health sub-center staff distributing (as per need) Halogen tablets, ORS and other basic essential medicines. Discussions with community revealed that use of halogen at household level is low because of strong odour of Chlorine. Local administration with PRI has started hand pump disinfection using bleaching powder but household level water storage and treatment remains inadequate and inappropriate due to lack of proper Information, Education & Communication (IEC). As per PHC workers, no cases of acute diarrhoea are reported. However, sporadic cases are reported and almost 300 people have received medication. There are also cases of skin infections reported and medication has been distributed by the government. In some affected pockets, local administration supplied drinking water through tankers and distributed drinking water in plastic pouches. In Purba Chilka village, Ramkrishna Mission distributed UNICEF hygiene kits. Due to submergence of household pit-latrines (where they existed), affected people are resorting to open defecation on/near the embankments. Photo showing people using highly turbid Presently, the chances of any outbreak are low water at Dobandi village but could change if there is any spell of rain. Shelter: The shelter structures in the visited area are largely characterized by either mud houses with thatched or mud tiles roofs and few concrete houses. In areas visited, the percentages of households with concrete houses and households with mud houses are respectively 20% & 80%. Many of the mud houses have collapsed, and in submerged houses mud has deposited up to 3-4 feet. People had to take shelter in the embankment or Photo showing structural damage to relief camps established in schools. houses in East Chilka village Tarpaulin has been distributed by the government to the affected families. It was also observed that where waters have receded, people have started cleaning and repairing their houses on their own. Out of the entire affected families in the villages visited, approx 20% were displaced and living on the embankments, schools or in other relief camps. With waters receding, people have started returning to their homes, thereby bringing Photo showing people taking shelter on embankment at Moyna I GP 5
  • 6. down the number of persons in the relief camps. Food security and livelihood As per the affected people, damage to the betel leaf plantations and jute fields have caused (though short & medium term) significant livelihood problems. Few cases of loss of paddy seed beds are reported by community. In some areas, agricultural land is still water logged and expected to remain so, and as per the local people, it will not be possible to cultivate these fields at least for another year. However, no immediate food insecurity is Photo showing damage to betel plantation observed as families are coping through existing at Dobandi village food grain stock or available cash. A threat of insufficient access to food remains in case of families dependent on daily wage labour due to the sudden drop in availability of work. A large section of the affected households in Moyna 1 GP belong to this category. However, as per primary observation and information, it may be a temporary phenomenon. Local markets are functioning well and essential commodities are available. No rise in prices of essential items is reported, except for few localized agricultural products. Child Protection Through the assessment it was found that - Separated children: There are no reported cases of children who are by themselves (with no adult care). Physical safety: It is found that children are with their respective families and are spending their time with their families whereby risks to physical safety is minimised There are no places for children to play now. Some children are spending their time on the embankment where they and their families have taken temporary shelter. Many children and families are still in their houses though houses are not completely dried out of flood water and cleaned. Psychological concerns Interaction with several children showed no perceptible signs of psycho-social stress. However, psychological stress may manifest in adolescent girls as there is no privacy for them while accessing toilet facilities (primarily open defecation now), bathing facilities (ponds). Child Rights In relation to health/education/shelter/food no grave risks to fulfillment of rights were found. However, access to schools is temporarily disrupted, which is likely to resume soon. In the mid-term there maybe threat to food security in case of children in the daily wage labourer families due to resultant livelihood/household economic crisis. 6
  • 7. There are no existing social forums or spaces for children’s participation within the affected population Vulnerable groups: The already existing patterns of and vulnerability are caste, age and gender based. Other Backward Class (Muslim) and Scheduled Caste (SC) communities are found to be affected the most and also more vulnerable. The reasons are, first, majority of the affected communities are either OBC or SC; second, because majority of families in these two communities are economically vulnerable who do not have land and depend on daily wage labour or migratory semi-skilled labour work. A sizeable section of the upper age group children in these two affected communities are found to drop out of school and start working. Girls get engaged in household work and boys start working to earn a livelihood. Existing and potential resources: - There are no agencies providing any protection services - It is found that the likelihood of any teachers, spiritual leaders and others who can recognize and assist children with developmental and behavioural problems is very low Education Access to education services: Education is not accessible to all children though flood water has receded from schools Few primary schools are still submerged in flood-water Schools will reopen, according to community members and PRI members, within 7-15 days. Impact on education provision 6 schools are reported by the community to be partially damaged Purba Deoband and Purba Deoband Patna Villages Teachers are not directly affected by the emergency but in case of some schools they are able to access the schools Role of Government In the assessed areas, as of now local administration has distributed one tarpaulin sheet to each affected family. Local administration has also distributed 1-1 ½ of kg of flattened rice, 250 grams jaggery, 1-2 kilograms of rice per family in the affected community. Health department temporary field medical camps are operational in different blocks and with supplies of essential medicines, field health workers and ASHA workers are closely Photo showing health department workers monitoring the overall health condition. present at Dobandi village 7
  • 8. Role of NGOs and INGOs Charities like All India Minority Association (AIMA) are running community kitchens in some pockets for last 3 days. They have also provided electricity generators and lighting facilities in East and West Chilka relief camps on the embankment. Through the charity Ramkrishna Mission, UNICEF distributed Hygiene Kits to the community in East Chilka. Sporadic relief distribution by local clubs and individuals are also reported. Photo showing AIMA-run community kitchen near East Chilka village Overall Recommendations- Sector Short term (next 15 days) Mid-term WASH Ensuring safe drinking water possibly Decide on need for any intervention through both source and household level if the situation worsens due to heavy treatment to remove turbidity and any rainfall in future or pending repairs of faecal contamination; provision of the breaches in the embankments temporary toilets (very difficult given the which are the cause of the current space constraints on the embankments) flooding. Shelter No immediate shelter aid is necessary Monitor the implementation by PRI and local administration of any compensation package declared by government. If not, advocate for a compensation package for the affected families Food There is no immediate unmet need of Detailed Livelihood sectoral Security external food aid assessment may reveal the long and term impact of the crop loss and the Livelihood intervention need either directly or through advocacy. Child Advocate with the district and local If heavy rainfall changes the Protection administration to install temporary, secure situation to worse, then a detailed toilet blocks, especially targeting assessment would be necessary to adolescent girls and women prevent existing child protection risks Advocate with the district administration to resume ICDS centres as soon as possible Education To advocate with the state, district and If necessary, block administration that till schools resume temporary educational spaces are initiated 8
  • 9. Key Local Contacts GO/NGO- Sl. Name Organization/Designation Contact No No 1 Mr. Sk. Sahajahan Pradhan- Tilkhoja GP 9732604439 2 Mr. Akbar Ali Khan Sachib- Gram Unnayan Samiti- Moyna- 1 9800772676 3 Ms. Bandana Bera Das Health Supervisor- PHC 9732901881 4 Mr. Ganesh Chandra Health Assistant- ACMHO office East Medinipur 09930309761 Nayak 5 Mr. Tapas Jana Staff, Kajla Janakalyan Samity, Contai, East 09732525931 Medinipur 6 Mr. Dipak Banerjee Staff, Kajla Janakalyan Samity Contai, East Medinipur End of Document. 9