The document discusses developing guidance for tier II measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) of livestock greenhouse gas emissions at the provincial level in China. It outlines objectives to create practical MRV guidance, build capacity, and test implementation. Key points include: livestock are a major emissions source in China; accurate MRV is important to track mitigation actions; and the guidance will focus on dairy cattle and pigs in Hebei province. It will define tier II methods, collect farm data, calculate emission factors, and provide reporting templates for provinces to estimate emissions.
Tier II MRV of livestock emissions in China: Developing guidance for implementation at the provincial level
1. CCAFS
Tier II MRV of Livestock Emissions in China: Developing
Guidance for Implementation at the Provincial Level
Implementation plan
DONG Hongmin
Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS
3. China NDC are as follows
To achieve the peaking of carbon dioxide emissions around 2030 and
making best efforts to peak early
To lower carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 60% to 65%
from the 2005 level
China Nationally Determined Contributions
4. Agricultural related content in NDC
To promote the low-carbon development in agriculture, making efforts
to achieve zero growth of fertilizer and pesticide utilization by 2020
To control methane emissions from rice fields and nitrous oxide
emissions from farmland
To construct a recycle agriculture system, promote comprehensive
utilization of crop wastes and animal manure
China Nationally Determined Contributions
5. 13th five-year plan for economic and social
development
China Responded to Global climate change
While working hard to both adapt to and slow down climate change, we
will take active steps to control carbon emissions, fulfill our commitments
for emission reduction
6. Greenhouse gas emissions control
Effectively control carbon emissions in key industries
Control the emissions of Non-CO2 greenhouse gases.
Establishment of a national carbon trading scheme
Implement MRV system and quota management for major emitters
Improve statistical systems
13th five-year plan for economic and social
development
7. During the 13th five-year period, carbon dioxide emissions per
unit GDP will decrease by 18% as a binding indicator
13th five-year plan for economic and
social development
8. Agriculture contribute about 938 million tons
CO2e in 2012, 8% of national emissions
Livestock GHG emission from enteric and
manure management contribute 40% to
agricultural emission
Livestock is one of major GHG emission
sources in China
Energy
79%
Industry
12%
Agriculture
8%
Waste
1%
Enteric
fermentation
24%
Manure
management
16%
Rice
19%
Agricultural
soils
41%
9. China is largest animal production in the world, about 50% pork
production from China
With development of intensive production, livestock contribute critical
environmental problems: GHG, NH3, N cycle change , misuse of
antibiotics leading to antimicrobial resistance
Importance of livestock production
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Swine Cattle Chickens Goats Sheep
%
10. Livestock situation in Hebei Province
Hebei is geographically around Beijing
Hebei is a major province of animal husbandry
Dairy cows account for 12.7% of China
Pigs accounts for 5.0% of China
11. MRV are essential to guide the transformation
to green and low emissions
Accurate, Comparable, Consistent, complete and Transparent MRV
systems could capture changes in emissions
Identify and reflect national circumstances and track mitigation through
improving production system and manure
12. CCAFS provide a platforms where experts across the globe are
working together to identify cost-effective, technically sound MRV
guidance, tools
MRV are essential to guide the transformation
to green and low emissions
14. Objectives
Develop methods and systems for Tier II MRV of livestock
emissions at provincial level in China
Produce practical guidance
Build capacity for Tier II MRV among province-level authorities
Develop methods and that can be used to support Tier II MRV elsewhere
15. Scope
The project will focus on major livestock producing province and
livestock categories .dairy cattle (enteric fermentation and manure
management) and pigs (manure management) , in Hebei
Improving the accounting and contribution of mitigation, to enhance
the fulfill our commitments, and low carbon development
16. Activities and Deliverables
活动编号 Activities Output
Activity 1 Develop IPCC tier II
MRV guidance for
livestock emissions
Draft Tier II MRV guidance on how to apply IPCC tier II
on dairy cattle and pigs
Activity 2 Three workshops for
consultation and
planning
implementation of
guidance
1. Start-up workshop, including an implementation plan
describing the tasks to be performed.
2. Improved MRV Guideline, trained personnel for using
the Guideline at province level.
3. Meeting summary, attendance sheet.
Activity 3 Test implementation of
Tier II MRV at
provincial level.
Analysis Report on the trial implementation at provincial
levels
17. Technical Route
Survey on the status of China's provincial inventory preparation
Inventory preparation methods Inventory preparation agencies Data Sources
Draft of the Provincial Tier II Method Guidance
Monitoring
AD
EF
Methods
Methane
EntEric
fermentation
Methane
from
manure
Nitrous
oxide
from
manure
Report
Format
Content
Tables
Vertification
Methods
Steps
Experts consultation and improvement
Case study
Methods promotion and application
Content
18. Main Contents
Referring to the IPCC Tier II Guidelines, MRV, including:
Part 1 : Description of IPCC Tier 2 method
Part 2: Template of the Monitoring plan of AD and EF
Part 3: Template of reporting GHG emissions
Part 4: Template of verification
20. Analysis of Applied Method at Provincial
Level
Survey and Analyze methodology application in 31
provinces
Investigate the Institute arrangement of Inventory
complication
Investigate data source of different provinces (3 to 5
provinces)
(Yearbook on Province / region / county level)
(Survey data for livestock sector)
Identify the challenges for using Tier II method
23. Tier 1 : a simplified approach that relies on default IPCC
emission factors for developing or Asian countries
The Tier 2 : a more complex approach that requires calculation
based on IPCC equation and detailed country-specific data
Tier 2 Definition
24. Tier 2 Sept for EF determination
Sept1: Classify livestock and manure management according to IPCC
guidelines
Sept2: Identify proper IPCC Equations for China
Sept3: Conduct sample survey on animal production and manure
management data for EF calculation
Sept4: EF calculation and comparison
25. EF determination -- Classification
Classify animals according to IPCC guidance
Intensive householdgrazing
Subcategory
Manure management system
Intensive Household Grazing
26. EF determination - Equation for Enteric
fermentation
EF = (GE Ym 365days/yr)/(55.65Mj/kgCH4)
EF:emission factor, kg CH4/head/year
GE: Gross energy of feed intake,GJ/head/year ( calculated according to survey
data)
Ym : methane conversion factor, mainly related to feed quality. (Combination of
literature data and laboratory tests)
27. GE:gross energy,MJ/day
Nem: net energy required by the animal
for maintenance , MJ/day
Nemobilised:net energy required by the
animal for mobilised , MJ/day
NEa: net energy for animal activity,
MJ/day
NEl: net energy for lactation, MJ/day
NEw: net energy for work , MJ/day
DE:Digestible energy
NEp: net energy required for pregnancy,
MJ/day
NEma/DE:Ratio of net energy available
for maintenance to digestible energy
NEg : net energy needed for growth ,
MJ/day
NEwool: net energy required to produce
wool, MJ/day
NEga/DE:Ratio of net energy available
for growth to digestible energy
GE={[(NEm+NEmobilised+NEa+NEl+NEw+NEp)/(NEma/DE)]
+[(NEg+NEwool)/(NEga/DE)]}/(DE/100)
EF determination - Equation for Enteric
fermentation
28. EF determination -- Equation for manure CH4
EFik = VSi 365 Boi 0.67kg/m3 ΣMCFjk MS%ijk
EFik :emission factor for livestock category i in climate region k
VSi : volatile solid excretion in the manure - Test and other literature
MS% : fraction of manure management system( Sampling survey )
Boi:maximum methane producing capacity (IPCC
MCFjk:methane conversion factors by climate region k - Calculation based on
temperature
i,j,k : species/category of livestock, manure management system, climate
region,
29. EF determination - Equation for manure N2O
(N2O)(mm) = (S){ [ (T)(N(T) Nex(T) MS(T,S)] EF3(S) }
(N2O)(mm) : nitrous oxide emissions from manure management system
N(T) : number of head of livestock species/category T
Nex(T) : annual average N excretion per head of species/category T – Typical
determination
MS(T,S) : fraction of manure management system -Survey
EF3(S) : N2O emission factor from manure management system S ( IPCC )
S : manure management system
T : species/category of livestock
30. Dairy
cattle
Pigs
Mature Dairy Cow
Growing Cattle
Other Mature Cattle
Quantity and structure
Feeding method ( CAFO , house farming)
Feed(Roughage, Concentrate, intake)
Performance (Body weight, daily weight gain,
milk production, et al)
Manure management (biogas, composting,
stacking, etc.)
Climate (hot, warm, cold)
Gestation
Nursery
Growing and finishing
Quantity and structure
Climatic conditions
Feed composition
Performance
The key input parameters for Tier II
Manure management
Feeding Methods
Animal Type Feeding stage Characteristic Influencing factor
32. Monitoring data –Activity data
Emission source Animal category Feeding stage Feeding method Date source
CH4 emissions
from Enteric
Fermentation
Dairy cattle
Mature Dairy Cow
Growing Cattle
Other Mature Cattle
CAFO
Housing
farming
National
statistical
yearbook
Provincial
statistical
yearbook
Industry
statistics
Typical survey
data
CH4 emissions
from manure
Management
Dairy cattle and pigs Mature Dairy Cow or pigs
Growing Cattle or pigs
Other Mature Cattle or pigs
CAFO
Housing
farming
N2O emissions
from manure
management
Dairy cattle and pigs - -
33. Emission factor related parameters-Calculation
or default value
Parameters Code Monitoring method or default value
Methane conversion factor
Ym
IPCC default value
SF6 measurement method
volatile solid excreted for
livestock category
VS
Directly measurement
Calculated based to the total energy formula
Maximum methane
producing capacity
BO
IPCC default value
BMP measurement method
Methane conversion factors MCF
IPCC default value
Measured by chamber method
N excretion Nex
Calculated based on feed intake
Directly measurement
)100/1()100/1()45.18/1( ASHDEGEVS
)N-(1* (T))( retentionintakeNN Tex
34. Typical parameter survey- 5 typical counties in
Hebei Province
Animal characteristics: quantity, age composition, body
weight, daily gain, milk production, birth and slaughter
rate, regional entry and exit, maternal pregnancy rate,
etc.
Feed parameters: composition, quality, feed intake, dry
matter intake, energy, digestibility, etc.
Manure management: dry storage, oxidation pond, biogas,
aerobic, compost, litter storage, down storage, grass
excretion, etc.
Animal Type
Dairy cattle, Pigs
Management System
CAFO, housing farming
35. Parameter questionnaire- Animal population
structure
Animal
category
Feeding method
The total
amount of
animal in the
province
(10,000 heads )
The total
amount of
animal in the
survey country
(10,000 heads )
Age structure(%)
Mature dairy
cow or pigs
Young animal
Growing Cattle
or pig
Other Mature cow
or pigs
Dairy
cattle
CAFO
House farming
Pigs
CAFO
House farming
36. Parameter questionnaire- Typical animal
production parameter-cattle
Feeding methods CAFO House farming
Items Nursery Growing cattle Dairy cattle Nursery Growing cattle Dairy cattle
Day age (d)
Average body weight(kg/head)
Average daily weight gain(kg/d)
Annual milk production(tones/head) — — — —
泌乳天数Lactation days(d) — — — —
Milk protein content(%) — — — —
Milk fat content(%) — — — —
Fertility rate(%) — — — —
Number of calves (head/fetal) — — — —
Feed
compo
sition
Concentrate(kg/d)
Con. dry matter(kg/d)
Roughage(kg/d)
Roughage
dry matter
(kg/d)
Silage
Yellow stock
Alfalfa
Ammonia straw
Rooty juicy feed
DDGS
Total energy intake(MJ/d)
Feed digestibility(%)
37. Key Parameters- MS% Manure
Management Use Ratios
Grazing; Daily spreading; Soild storage; Dry lot; Liqud/slurry storage;
Lagoon; Deeppit; Biogas Digesters; Burning; litter; Compost; Bedding;
Aerobic; Others.
Investigate the use ratios for manure management systems in different
typical counties.
38. Parameters survey-- Types of Manure
Management and Their Use Ratios
Animal
category
Grazing
Daily
spreading
Solid
storage
Dry lot
Liquid/slur
rystor.
Lagoon Deep pit
Biogas
digesters
Burning Litter Compost Bedding Aerobic Others
Dairy
Swine
40. Contents of Report
Overview
Overall situation of livestock
Method selection and description
Activity level data and source
Emission factor data and source
Greenhouse gas emissions
Uncertainty analysis
Institutional arrangements and data quality control
41. Table Format -Emissions
Source category Emissions (t) Emissions of GHG (t CO2e)
Methane emission from enteric
fermentation
Methane emission from manure
management
N2O emissions from manure
management
Total emission of greenhouse gas ------
46. Verification Instruction
Accuracy, Comparability, Consistency, Completeness, Transparency.
Verification
content
Verification Method
Report Meet format requirements in the guidelines.
Complete all fields in the forms
Methodology Select proper equations
Verify in the guidelines or publications
Activities Data Data source and evident
Align to National statistical yearbook
Emission factor Provide tables for key parameters
Data Source and Evidence
Sampling and research methods, data records
Comparison with domestic and foreign data
Calculation Accuracy and Repeatablity
Expert review, internal review
47. Schedule of deliverables
Task Deliverable Expected Date
Draft guidance (in English) circulated to
NZAGRC and CCAFS for comment
Draft Report March 30 2019
Improved guidance for provincial-level
implementation of MRV (in Chinese and English)
Report Dec 15 2019 (final)
Analyze trial implementation, e.g. of a key
component (in Chinese and English)
Report Dec 15 2019 (final)
Brief or working paper on process, methodology
developed and lessons learned for policy makers
(in Chinese and English)
Brief or working paper Dec 15 2019 (final)
48. Deliverables
Improved guidance for provincial-level implementation of MRV
(in Chinese and English)
Analyze trial implementation, e.g. of a key component (in Chinese
and English)
Brief or working paper on process, methodology developed and
lessons learned for policy makers
49. Tasks Assignment
Institute of Environment and Sustainable
Development in Agriculture (IEDA), Chinese Academy
of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)
Take lead for whole project; implement activity one and activity two,
including the development of Tier II MRV guidance of livestock
emissions; and organize 3 workshops.
50. Tasks Assignment
Additional Partner
– National Center on Climate Change Strategy and International
Cooperation (NCSC)
Implement activity 2; Help IEDA –CAAS organize 3 workshops; Responsible
for disseminating guideline in China
– Hebei Provincial Livestock Technology Extension Station
Implement activity3; Test implementation of Tier II MRV in provincial level.
– Hebei Green Agriculture Limited Company
Implement activity3, Test implementation of Tier II MRV in farms, and help
collecting the provincial data
51. Additional Partner
– Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)
Help the development of Tier II MRV guidance; Support the workshops,
including inviting international experts for training and consultation, facilitating
partnership, and support for publications and guideline.
– Global Research Alliance (GRA)
Disseminating guideline and share the results.
Tasks Assignment