EVS, green business, green consumption, major environmental movements in india

1. Roll No: 21

2. SYNOPSIS
1. Introduction
2. The different Environmental Movements in
India
3. Green Consumption
4. Green Business
5. Twenty-one Green Tips

3. INTRODUCTION
Environmental and ecological movements- collective actions of
several social groups
Protection of environment and maintenance of ecological
balance
Definition: The environmental movement, a term that includes
the conservation and green politics, is a diverse scientific, social,
and political movement for addressing environmental issues.
 Environmental Movement is generally used to describe and
understand different types of local struggles and conflicts
concerned with livelihood issues and ecological security.

4. Mahatma Gandhi’s role in The Freedom movement:
 The Environmental movement in India is a legacy of Mahatma
Gandhi.
Environmentalists in India in 1989 – around 700
The Activities of the Environmental groups can be broadly categorized
as follows :
• Creation of environmental awareness and dissemination of
information.
• Campaigns and public interest litigations to oppose projects
detrimental to the environment.
• Field projects to develop innovative and participatory models
of natural resource management.
• Policy research and lobbying with policy-makers and
• Support for field and action groups

6. CHIPKO MOVEMENT

7. CHIPKO= To stick
 Started in 1731 by the Bishnoi community in Khejarli, Jodhpur
district of Rajasthan.
 Led by Amrita Devi
 Modern Chipko movement
 Started in 1970’s in the Garhwal Himalayas of Uttarakhand.
 Based on the Gandhian philosophy.
 Locally it is called as Angwal.
 Decentralized and autonomous initiatives of locals.
 Village women lead the movement to save their means of
subsistence.
 Chipko slogans: ‘Ecology is a permanent economy’
“ What do the forest bear? Soil, water and pure air.”
AIM: TO PREVENT CUTTING OF TREES

8. Feature by UNEP:
‘In effect the Chipko people are working a
socio-economic revolution by winning control of
their forest resources from the hands of distant
bureaucracy which is concerned with selling the
forest for making urban - oriented products’

9. Achievements of Chipko movement
o Activists succeeded in stopping the felling of trees.
o Forced the Government and industry to become more
sensitive.
o Disadvantaged villagers can raise their voice against
rampant
environmental destruction and succeed.
o Chipko movement demonstrated - human life and ecology
are
balanced - highlighted the dangers.
o A satellite remote sensing study by the Space Application
Centre- Forest cover which was lost due to commercial
felling between 1959-69 was regained in the sensitive
catchment area of the Upper Alaknanda river.

10. Prominent figures:
Chandi Prasad Bhatt: Founder of Chipko Movement,
Dasoli Gram Swarajya Sangh’(DGSS)
“Let them know we will not allow the
felling of a single tree. When their
men raise their axes, we will
embrace the trees to protect them.”
- Chandi Prasad Bhatt

11. Sunderlal Bahaguna: A Gandhian activist and
philosopher

12. Dhoom Singh Negi: First person to save trees by
hugging them along with Bachni Devi

13. Bachni Devi: First women to hug
trees and saving them in Chipko
Embrace

14. Surviving participants of the first all women Chipko
Action at Reni Village in 1974 on reassembled thirty
years later.

15. Mr. Ghanshyam Raturi: Chipko poet, whose songs
echoed the during the movement describing the method of
embracing the trees to save them from felling.
‘Embrace the trees and save
them from being felled;
The property of our hills, save
them from being looted.’
“Our movement goes beyond the erosion of the land, to the
erosion of human values. The center of all this is
humankind. If we are not in a good relationship with the
environment, the environment will be destroyed, and we
will lose our ground. But if you halt the erosion of
humankind, humankind will halt the erosion of the soil.”
-Chandi Prasad Bhatt

16. NARMADA BACHAO
ANDOLAN (NBA)

17. THE NARMADA
RIVER
Narmada means ‘ever-delightful’, one of the holiest rivers in the
country of India “they say that even the site of the river will
cleanse all of your sins”

18. It is the most powerful mass movement, started in 1985,against
the construction of huge dam on the Narmada river.
Focus of the movement-saving the trees and the fauna,
rehabilitation of the poor people living around the area
Movement started in 1986 when the World Bank lent India
$450 million for the Sardar Sarovar Project
the Narmada Water Disputes Tribunal was constituted by the
Government of India on October 6, 1969 to adjudicate over the
water disputes.
As per the Tribunal's decision, 30 major, 135 medium, and3000
small dams, were granted approval for construction including
raising the height of the Sardar Sarovar dam.

20. Medha Patkar

21. Started the NGO Narmada Bachao Andolan.
She mobilized tribal people, Adivasis, environmentalist,
and human rights activists against the Sardar Sarovar
Dam being built across the Narmada river in Gujarat.
Mode of campaign.
Events:
 Save the Narmada Movement Established in 1989
 Sept 1989 - 60,000 people rally against destructive
development.
 Jan 1990 – 5,000 people marched on the Narmada
Valley Development authority offices forcing them to
close.
 March 1990 – 10,000 protesters blocked the highway
from
Bombay for two days.
 May 1990 – 2,000 people staged a sit-in outside the

23. Other groups:
Arch Vahini -ARCHD (Guj)
Narmada Asargrastha Samiti (Guj)
Narmada Nirman Samiti (MP)
Narmada Dharangrastha Samiti (Mah)
All the above groups joined hands with NBA
with a non violent approach
Believed in the need for fair rehabilitation plans for the
people who vehemently opposed dam construction despite
a resettlement policy

24. Aamir Khan
Baba Amte

25. Arundhati Roy

26. Ladhenge Jeetenge,
Narmada bachao, Manav bachao

27. SAVE THE SILENT VALLEY CAMPAIGN
The campaign was started by Kerala Sastra Sahitya
Parishad
It was a social movement aimed at the protection of Silent
valley, an evergreen tropical forest in the Palakkad district
of Kerala, India.
In the 1960’s the state government began planning a dam
to generate hydroelectricity as the basis for regional
economic development.
The government eventually abandoned the project in 1983
and the valley was declared as in Silent Valley National
Park 1985.

28. Lion tailed Macaque

29. Save the Taj
Campaign

32. Main reasons why is the Taj Mahal affected:
1. Industrialization.
2. Transport.
3. Garbage.
4. Yamuna river.
5. Human inhabitance
6. Acid rain

37. Professor J. M. Dave, Dean of
Environmental sciences at JNU in New
Delhi first raised the grave doubts about
the impact of Mathura Oil Refinery

38. Campaign

39. Mitti Bachao Abhiyan
Launched in 1977
Against the water logging and salinity caused by the
Tawa dam in Madhya Pradesh

40. THAL VAISHET CAMPAIGN
Development of worlds biggest urea plant 50kms from Mumbai
Mumbai Environmental Action Group

41. BEDTHI CAMPAIGN
Second after Silent Valley
Arecanut, Cardamom and pepper
B
E
D
T
H
I
R
I
V
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42. STOP BHOPAL PATNAM-INCHAMPALLI DAMS
Protested by Jungle Bachao, Manav Bachao Andolan

43. DOON MINING
PIL filed by Rural Litigation and Environment Kendra in
Dehradun.
SC ordered the closure of the mines on grounds on
environmental destruction.

44. PROTECT KARNATAKA
COMMONS
Opposed by Samaj Parivartana Samudaya.
Filed a petition in SC contended that people’s access to government forest land is
crucial for survival.
Afforestation affects right to live.

45. KAIGA CAMPAIGN
Opposed by local groups, betel nut growers, fisher folks,
journalists and writers

46. GANDHAMARDHAN BAUXITE MINING
Opposed by local tribals

47. SAVE THE WESTERN GHATS
MARCH
Organised by environmental groups in 1988.
March crossed states of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka and Kerala

48. SAVE WATER SAVE
LIFE Padyatra organised by
the Natural
Fishermen’s Forum.
Padyatra was to draw
attention to the
problems of water
pollution & over
exploitation of
fisheries by trawlers

49. TEHRI DAM CAMPAIGN
Protested by environmentalists & Tehri Bandh Virodhi
Sangharsh Samiti

50. Other Campaigns
Chilka Bachao Andolan

52. Green Consumption is a practice of using environmentally
friendly products that do not cause risk to human health
and do not threaten the function and diversity of natural
“ecosystems”
Green Consumption is the most cost effective approach
for implementing cleaner production efforts.
As a citizen of the earth, we need to
Sustainable Consumption is a collective responsibility.

53. Importance of Green Consumption
1. Responsibility of the industry to maintain
environmental quality and comply with
environmental regulations and standards - prevent
wastes - prevent development of environmental
harmful products.
2. Concept of cleaner production.
Cleaner
production
Reduction of
pollutants &
wastes
Prevention of
development of
environment
harmful products

54. 4. Cleaner production strategies rely on product life cycle
Upstream
environmental
impacts wit raw
material
selection &
product
consumption
Impact from
production
process
Effects related
to product
distribution,
consumption,
recycling &
disposal.

55. 5. Consumption of products, energy & natural
resources
growing steadily .
6. Co-operation between consumers, communities
&
society.
Considering impacts of use & consumption at
Local,
national and global level.
7. Issue of green consumption.
8. Barriers to green consumption.
9. Change in consumption pattern.

56. How to start Green Consumption?
The best way to begin a green consumption programme is
to organize a group to collect, analyze, and distribute
reliable information on the environmental impacts of
products to all sectors of the society.
Product labeling
Information on unfriendly harmful products.

57. Roles of different sectors:
I. Role of government:
Examine policies for improving environmental
performance of industry and encourage the production &
consumption of green products
II. Role of Industry and Business:
Important factor in designing and manufacturing
Employment of green production technique through:
a) More efficient use of resource and energy.
b) Production of cleaner products & technology.
c) More efficient and competitive manufacturing.
d) Improved recycling and recovery.
e) Safer storage, shipping and handling of materials.

58. III. Role of NGO’s:
Assist and work with government and industries to
collect, analyze and compile information eco labeling
programmes by NGOs
III. Role of general public:
Public should accept the green consumption concept
by:
a) Modifying their lifestyle and consuming habits,
for
purchasing and consuming green products.
b) To save materials and energy uses and reducing
generation of wastes at home and workplace
.

60. “Solution to pollution is dilution”
Global pollution, resource depletion, loss of biological diversity,
global climate change, etc. suggest that a change is essential.
For a better future of a business, its necessary to redesign the
system and processes.
Eco-efficiency, clean production, pollution prevention, industrial
ecology, natural capitalism, restorative technology,
environmentally preferable products, designing the environment
and the next industrial revolution shows the encouraging
pathway to achieve environmental protection and social
welfare.
Green business is a part of green consumption
It is a co-operative effort.

61. Certified green businesses,
Green logo,
Marketing of the logo to make customers aware of the
product.
More awareness can lead to more purchasing power and
thus motivating business to GO GREEN
The Green Business programme motivates business
participation by:
i. Develop a positive proactive relationship
ii. Co-ordinating inspections
iii. Businesses at a public ceremony
iv. Promoting the programme and logo
v. Unity in assissting businesses
vi. In green Business, products are manufactured of
standard ISO 14000

62. Future of Green Business depends on the following aspects:
i. Be energy efficient
ii. Use renewable materials
iii. Be durable and reusable, non polluting material
throughout their life-cycle
iv. Protect biological and social diversity
v. Provide meaningful and sustainable livelihood.
vi. Use minimum packaging made from reusable or
recyclable material.

63. 21 GREEN TIPS
1. Recycle newspaper
2. Use energy efficient bulbs
3. Use recyclable bottles
4. Reuse jars
5. Use cold water for laundries
6. Make electronic shopping lists
7. Use paper bags
8. Use rechargeable batteries
9. Recycle plastic
10.Use bucket for bathing and Not Showers
11.Use carpooling
12.Use a bicycle
13.Use public transport
14.Minimize use of electricity
15.Plant trees
16.Use biodegradable bags for pet waste
17.Turn off the tap when not in use
18.Run a full load in washing machine