Project Report on "SAVING AND INVESTMENT PATTERN OF TEACHERS IN HYDERABAD CITY - A SURVEY"

INDUSTRY INTERNSHIP REPORT
On
SAVING AND INVESTMENT PATTERN OF TEACHERS IN
HYDERABAD CITY - A SURVEY
(Report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of
Post-Graduation Diploma in Management)
(Session-2016 - 2018)
Title of On Job Training (OJT)
Promotion and Sale of Demat Account of Sharekhan Ltd
Name of the organization, Place
SHAREKHAN LTD - TRIMULGHERRY
Submitted by
CHEDADEEPU KARTEEK
PGDM- BIFAAS, B10 - 006
Faculty Guide: Corporate Guide:
Name: Dr. L. Krishna Veni Name: K.P. Singh
Designation: Professor Designation: Branch Head
Sharekhan Ltd, Trimulgherry
Siva Sivani Institute of Management
Kompally, Secunderabad-500014

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INDUSTRY INTERNSHIP REPORT
On
SAVING AND INVESTMENT PATTERN OF TEACHERS
IN HYDERABAD CITY - A SURVEY
(Report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of
Post-Graduation Diploma in Management)
(Session- 2016 - 2018)
Title of On Job Training (OJT)
Promotion and Sale of Demat Account of Sharekhan Ltd
Name of the organization, Place
SHAREKHAN LTD - TRIMULGHERRY
Submitted by
CHEDADEEPU KARTEEK
PGDM- BIFAAS, B10 - 006
Faculty Guide: Corporate Guide:
Name: Dr. L. Krishna Veni Name: K.P. Singh
Designation: Professor Designation: Branch Head
Sharekhan Ltd, Trimulgherry
Siva Sivani Institute of Management
Kompally, Secunderabad-500014

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DECLARATION
I Mr. KARTEEK CHEDADEEPU declare that this project titled “SAVING
AND INVESTMENT PATTERN OF TEACHERS IN HYDERBAD CITY
– A SURVEY” is the original work done by me under the guidance of
Dr. L. Krishna Veni, Professor (Designation), Social Sciences (Dept.), Siva
Sivani Institute of Management, Secunderabad.
I further declare that it is the original work made by me as a part of my Post
Graduate Diploma in Management.
Date: Signature of the student:
Place: Secunderabad Name of the student: Ch Karteek

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The ideal way to begin documents this research would be, to extent of my
heartfelt gratitude to everyone who has encouraged and guided me all through
my project in particular. I would like to thank to Mr K.P Singh, Inspite of his
busy schedule helped and guided me, throughout my project.
I offer my deep sense of gratitude to our beloved and respected guide
Mrs Dr. L. Krishna Veni, Professor for having guided me in utmost inspiring
way that has led me to complete this work, successfully and sufficiently in time.
I take this opportunity to thank the management staff of Siva Sivani Institute of
Management, Kompally for giving this opportunity to so this project and for
their endless support.
KARTEEK
Date: Name of the
Student:
Place: Secunderabad.

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TABLE OF THE CONTENT
Chapter No Content Page Numbers
Brief Report On Job Training(OJT) 7 – 21
Chapter I Introduction 22 – 29
Chapter II Review of Literature 30 – 32
Chapter III Research Methodology 33 – 37
Chapter IV Data Analysis 38 – 62
Chapter V Summary and Conclusions 63 – 67
References 68

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LIST OF FIGURES
Number Title of the Figure Page Number
I. Profile of the Respondents
I.1 Age composition of the Respondents 39
I.2 Gender of the Respondents 40
I.3 Marital status of the Respondents 41
1.4 Educational Qualifications of the Respondents 42
I.5 Type of organization where the Respondents are working 43
I.6 Years of teaching experience in of the Respondents 44
I.7 Designation Level of the Respondents 45
I.8 Family size of the Respondents 46
I.9 Source of income of the Respondents 47
I.10 Monthly income of the Respondents 48
II. SAVING AND INVESTMENT ATTRIBUTE
II.1 Spending monthly income of the Respondents 49
II. 2 Share of Saving of the Respondents 50
II.3 Saving and invested for fist time of the Respondents 51
II.4 Getting Investment information of the Respondents 52 – 53
II.5 How do you invest your savings? 54
II.6 Saving and Expenditure proportion of the Respondents 55
II.7 Types of Investment of the Respondents 56
II.8 Investment Objective of the Respondents 57
II.9 Manage investment by Respondents 58
II.10 Have you invested your savings so far 59
II.11 Instrument Preference of the Respondents 60
II.12 Reasons for saving of the Respondents 61-62

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INTERNSHIP DETAILS
Company: Sharekhan Limited
Location: Trimulgherry, Hyderabad.
Duration of internship: 8th
May 2017 to 22nd
June 2017
TITLE OF OJT:
Promotion and sale of Demat Accounts of Sharekhan Ltd
TARGETS:
1. To promote the sales of the Demat Account to new customers and to find out the
feedback from the existing customers through cold calling in Hyderabad.
2. To sell at least 5 to 10 Demat Accounts to the perspective investors in the Hyderabad
city.
ACHIEVEMENTS:
1. I talked with 400 new customers and the existing customers of Sharekhan Ltd from
the data base provided by my corporate guide.
2. I have educated the customers and sold 11 Demat accounts and surpassed the given
target.
Learning Outcomes:
1. I understood all about share market and different segments of financial markets through
lectures demonstration by industry guide.
2. I gained knowledge about various different segments of financial market like share,
bonds, debentures, mutual funds, equities commodities etc.,.
3. Through cold calling, I interacted with 400 out of 600 customers from the given data base
and promoted for the sales of demat account and to promote the sales of the different
financial products through Sharekhan Ltd
4. I understood how to speak with customers and promote the products through cold calling
based on the needs and moods of the customers.
5. I understood that promotion of the business through cold calling is a tough task, after
taking to some of the customers, who are very rude and tough.
6. I understood that, I should be patience to hear complaints/grievances of the existing
customers.
7. I have noted down all the issues raised by the customers and taken them to the notice of
higher- ups for the adequate customer care.
8. I talked with different customers in different languages like Telugu, Hindi, and English
etc. However, I faced difficulties to speak with different people with different languages,
but understand the need to learn multiple languages to succeed in the business matters.
9. I have utilized my relatives, family friends, and my own friends to convince the benefits
of financial investments through demat account.

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10. Initially, I thought that it will be a tough task to sell 5 Demat Accounts, but later on I
have succeeded in my efforts and I sold 11 (beyond given targets) Demat Accounts
beyond the given target of 5.
LIMITATIONS:
1. I faced language difficulty while talking to different customers in a city like
Hyderabad, where the cosmopolitan culture is very much predominant.
2. Some of the customers are not lifted the phone in spite of respected efforts. Some of
them have not responded to my inquiry and suddenly telephonic talk.
3. I understand that some of the customers are impatient and reluctant towards my
calling
4. I understand the practical difficulties involved in the promotion and selling of
financial products and services

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INTRODUCTION OF THE COMAPANY
Sharekhan Ltd is one of the top retail brokerage houses in India with a strong online trading
platform. The company provides equity based products (research, equities, derivatives,
depository, margin funding, etc.). It has one of the largest networks in the country with
1200+ share shops in 400 cities and India’s premier online trading portal
www.sharekhan.com. With their research expertise, customer commitment and superior
technology, they provide investors with end-to-end solutions in investments. They provide
trade execution services through multiple channels - an Internet platform, telephone and
retail outlets.
Sharekhan was established by Morakhia family in 1999-2000 and Morakhia family continues
to remain the largest shareholder. It is the retail broking arm of the Mumbai-based
SHRIPAL SHEWANTILAL KANTILAL ISWARNATH LIMITED [SSKI] Group.
SSKI which is established in 1930 is the parent company of Sharekhan ltd. With a legacy of
more than 80 years in the stock markets, the SSKI group ventured into institutional broking
and corporate finance over a decade ago. Presently SSKI is one of the leading players in
institutional broking and corporate finance activities. Sharekhan offers its customers a wide
range of equity related services including trade execution on BSE, NSE, and Derivatives.
Depository services, online trading, Investment advice, Commodities, etc.
Sharekhan Ltd. is a brokerage firm which is established on 8th February 2000 and now it is
having all the rights of SSKI. The company was awarded the 2005 Most Preferred Stock
Broking Brand by Awaaz Consumer Vote. It is first brokerage Company to go online. The
Company's online trading and investment site - www.Sharekhan.com - was also launched on
Feb 8, 2000. This site gives access to superior content and transaction facility to retail
customers across the country. Known for its jargon-free, investor friendly language and high
quality research, the content-rich and research oriented portal has stood out among its
contemporaries because of its steadfast dedication to offering customers best-of-breed
technology and superior market information.
Sharekhan has one of the best states of art web portal providing fundamental and statistical
information across equity, mutual funds and IPOs. One can surf across 5,500 companies for
in-depth information, details about more than 1,500 mutual fund schemes and IPO data. One
can also access other market related details such as board meetings, result announcements,
FII transactions, buying/selling by mutual funds and much more.

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Sharekhan's management team is one of the strongest in the sector and has positioned
Sharekhan to take advantage of the growing consumer demand for financial services products
in India through investments in research, pan-Indian branch network and an outstanding
technology platform. Further, Sharekhan's lineage and relationship with SSKI Group provide
it a unique position to understand and leverage the growth of the financial services sector.
We look forward to providing strategic counsel to Sharekhan's management as they continue
their expansion for the benefit of all shareholders.
SSKI Corporate Finance Private Limited (SSKI) is a leading India-based investment bank
with strong research-driven focus. Their team members are widely respected for their
commitment to transactions and their specialized knowledge in their areas of strength. The
team has completed over US$5 billion worth of deals in the last 5 years - making it among
the most significant players raising equity in the Indian market. SSKI, a veteran equities
solutions company has over 8 decades of experience in the Indian stock markets.
If we experience their language, presentation style, content or for that matter the online
trading facility, we'll find a common thread; one that helps us make informed decisions and
simplifies investing in stocks. The common thread of empowerment is what Sharekhan's all
about.
Sharekhan is also about focus. Sharekhan does not claim expertise in too many things.
Sharekhan's expertise lies in stocks and that's what he talks about with authority. So when he
says that investing in stocks should not be confused with trading in stocks or a portfolio-
based strategy is better than betting on a single horse, it is something that is spoken with
years of focused learning and experience in the’ stock markets. And these beliefs are
reflected in everything Sharekhan does for us! Sharekhan is a part of the SSKI group, an
Indian financial services power house, with strong presence in Retail equities Institutional
equities Investment banking.
In Ahmedabad, It is having the branch at Dynamic house, opp. Child care hospital,
Navrangpura road and over 40 franchisees in Ahmedabad. We have been given the centre at
Navrangpura road, Ahmedabad.
Sharekhan has always believed in investing in technology to build its business. The company
has used some of the best-known names in the IT industry, like Sun Microsystems, Oracle,
Microsoft, Cambridge Technologies, Nexgenix, Vignette, Verisign Financial Technologies
India Ltd, Spider Software Pvt Ltd. to build its trading engine and content. Previously the

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Morakiya family holds a majority stake in the company but now a world famous brand CITI
GROUP has taken a majority stake in the company. HSBC, Intel & Carlyle are the other
investors.
With a legacy of more than 80 years in the stock markets, the SSKI group ventured into
institutional broking and corporate finance 18 years ago. Presently SSKI is one of the leading
players in institutional broking and corporate finance activities. SSKI holds a sizeable portion
of the market in each of these segments. SSKI’s institutional broking arm accounts for 7% of
the market for Foreign Institutional portfolio investment and 5% of all Domestic Institutional
portfolio investment in the country. It has 60 institutional clients spread over India, Far East,
UK and US. Foreign Institutional Investors generate about 65% of the organization’s
revenue, with a daily turnover of over US$ 4 million. The Corporate Finance section has a
list of very prestigious clients and has many ‘firsts’ to its credit, in terms of the size of deal,
sector tapped etc. The group has placed over US$ 1 billion in private equity deals. Some of
the clients include BPL Cellular Holding, Gujarat Pipavav, Essar, Hutchison, Planetasia, and
Shopper’s Stop.
SHANTILAL SHEWANTILAL KANTILAL ISWARNATH LIMITED (SSKI LTD) group
of companies:
1. SSKI Investors Service Limited( SHAREKHAN)
2. S.S Kanthilal Iswarlal Securities.
3. SSKI corporate finance.
4. I dream productions
5. Palm spring estates PVT limited.
6. Fin flow investment PVT limited.
7. I dream productions UK PVT limited
8. Share khan commodities PVT limited
9. Archfund properties PVT limited
Vision
To be the best retail broking brand in the retail business of the stock market
Mission

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To educate and empower the individual investor to make better investment decisions through
quality advices and superior services.
OBJECTIVES:
1. To project Sharekhan Ltd as an authority in the retail stock trading business.
2. To execute business for the company by selling Demat Accounts and mutual
funds.
3. To study the various products of the company.
4. To know how to open and close the calls.
5. To learn the online terminal used for trading.
6. To know the various policies of the company.
7. To know how to handle various types of customers.
8. To know various reasons for market fluctuations.
9. To learn to manage time.
10. To gain practical knowledge of the market, And to have a practical experience
of working.
SHAREHOLDING PATTERN (2016)
SHAREHOLDERS HOLDINGS
CITI Venture Capital and other Private Equity Firm 81%
IDFC 9%
Employees 10%

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PROFILE OF THE COMPANY
Name of the company: Share khan Ltd.
Year of Establishment: 1925
Headquarter: Share khan SSKI A-206 Phoenix House
Phoenix Mills Compound Lower Parel
Mumbai - Maharashtra, INDIA- 400013
Nature of Business : Service Provider
Services: Depository Services, Online Services and
Technical Research.
Number of Employees : Over 3500
Website : www.sharekhan.com
Slogan : Your Guide to The Financial Jungle
MANAGEMENT TEAM:
NAME DESIGNATION
Mr. Shripal Morakhia Chairman
Mr. Jaideep Arora CEO
Mr. Rahul Yadav Online Sales Head
Mr. Sumeet Narang DP Head
Mr. Thiruvidaimarudhur Sivashankar DP Head
Mr. Hemendra Aggarwal Cluster Head
Mr. Amit pal Singh and Regional Sales Manager
Mr. Maneet Rastogi Regional Sales Manager

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Hierarchy of Sharekhan Ltd
CEO
Vice President
Assistant Vice President
Country head
Regional Sales Manager (Branch manager)
Area Sales Manager
Territory manager
Assistant sales manager/IINI Sales Assistant Manager/ Relationship Manager/Equity Advisor
Senior Sales Executives
Sales Executive/ Dealer
Super Trainees
Trainees

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SHAREKHAN SUBSIDARIES:
The major subsidiaries of sharekhan as follows:
1. Sharekhan Limited, Asset Management Arm
2. Sharekhan Limited Research Design
3. Sharekhan Commodities Private Limited
4. Sharekhan Financial Service Private Limited
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES OFFERD BY SHAREKHAN
 Share online & offline
 Derivatives
 Mutual fund online
 Commodities online
 IPO online
 Portfolio Management Services
 Insurance
 Fixed deposits
 Advisory products
 Currency trading
SHAREKHAN HAS TIE UP WITH THE FOLLOWING BANKS:
1. HDFC Bank
2. CITI Bank
3. OBC Bank
4. YES Bank
5. UTI Bank
6. IDBI Bank
7. ICICI Bank
8. Union Bank
9. Indus Ind Bank

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10. Bank of India
11. Deutsche Bank
MAJOR FUCTIONAL AREAS OF SHAREKHAN:
Sharekhan Ltd occupies first place in non-banking services and it is second largets
company overall. It has about 1.4 million client bases.
1. Administration: Administrative department performs functions like setting
up of the branches, event management of branch signboards, interior
designing and branch location.
2. Compliance/Risk: It takes care of client risk associated with their Demat
Accounts, NSE risk and compliances.
3. Finance: It looks after budget passing and all the financial matters associated
with sharekhan Ltd.
4. Human Resources: HR department takes care of recruitment and payable
section of sharekhan Ltd.
5. Operations: It looks after KYC norms, Account opening and closure
functions of Sharekhan Ltd.
6. CRM and Analytics: It deals with software development and customer
service.
7. Digital Asset: It deals with the development of digital platform.
8. Digital Marketing: It undertakes the working of advertisement, campaigns,
which are based on the Sharekhan Ltd.
9. Digital setup: Deals with technology development, Invention of new tools.
10. Brand: It undertakes branding, advertising services etc.
11. Advisory: Advisory services provided by the sharekhan mainly give advices
to the customer on their investment option based on their performance.

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12. Client Acquition: All the sales aspect of the organization would be directed
by the client acquition team.
SHAREKHAN ACCOUNTS
SHERKHAN PROVIDES 4 IN ONE ACCOUNTS:
1. Demat Account
2. Trading account from cash calculations
3. Bank account for fund transfer
4. Dial and trade for query relating trading
Share khan provides two different accounts:
1) Classic account
2) Trade Tiger
CLASSIC ACCOUNT:-
The Classic Account enables customers to trade online on the NSE and the BSE, invest in
IPO and Mutual Funds and access all the research and transaction reports through
Sharekhan’s website. This account is suitable for the retail investors. In this account Shown
the maximum script are 25 in the terminal and the technical chart are not shown in this
account. The life time registration charge for this account is 750 rupees.
TRADE TIGER: Trade tiger is a next-generation online trading product that brings the
power of broker’s terminal to customer pc. It is session to capitalize on intra-day price
movement. Trade tiger is an internet –based application available on a CD, which provides
everything a trader needs on one screen.
STRATEGY:
The main strategies used in the training program are as follow.
DATA CALLING
From the provided data of mobile numbers I made tele calls to many existing and
perspectivw investors to improve the business.

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Apart from given data we also brought latest business directory. We called to
different business people and tried to generate appointments.
COLD CALLING
Called calling means to go at different corporate houses and to meet different
People and to get their visiting card by it we get lead and our immediate task
Was to call them & to fix appointment.
ACHIEVEMENTS OF SHAREKHAN:
1. RATED among the top 20 wired companies along with reliance, HUJI, Infosys, etc.
by “Business Today”, January 2004 edition
2. Awarded “top domestic brokerage house” four times by euro money and Asia money.
3. Pioneers of online trading in India amongst the top 3 online trading websites from
India. Most preferred financial destination amongst online broking customers.
4. Winners of a ‘best financial website” award.
5. India’s most preferred brokers within 5 years. Awaaz customer award.
II. CUSTOMERS:
 Business class people (high class)
 High Net worth Individuals
 Service class people
 Government Employees
 Young Adults (19-30 yrs.)
 Adults (35-50 yrs.)
 HUF (Hindu Undivided Family)
 Women (literate and working)
III. COMPETITORS:
1. Karvy Stock Broking Ltd
2. India Infoline
3. ICICI Direct
4. India Bulls
5. Reliance Money
6. Kotak Securities
7. Motilal Oswal

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8. Anand Rathi
9. Religare Enterprises
10. HDFC Securities
Every industry is subjected to different type of environments such as political,
economic, social, technological/ tax internal and legal (PESTIL).
i. Political Environment: financial transactions and investments are subjected
to political environment and stability of the country.
ii. Economic factors: the financial investment are very much associated with
budgetary decisions of the central government, business cycle and their
implications, besides macro-economic like monetary and fiscal policies and
decide the volume of the financial transactions. These policies should target to
maintain economic stability in the country.
iii. Social environment: the changing the social scenario of the economy also
reflects the financial transactions and investment of the people of the society.
iv. Technological/ Tax Environment: sometimes the technological environment
also may create a significant impact on the share market, mutual funds or any
other financial products.
v. Internal/ International/ Industrial Environment: sudden developments
both in domestic and global environment fronts, the financial health’s of the
economy may be subjected too many of changes on financial and money
markets. Further industrial recession or boom also may lead to some changes.
vi. Legal Environment: changing legal environment may promote the business
or hamper the business. This is may lead to significant changes in any
business. Mainly the financial markets are subjected to may radical changes in
the business.
After November 8th
2016 demonetization of the currency had erased
for many radical changes in the economy subsequently digitalization of all
financial transactions was made mandatory to curb the problems of the black
money in the country.
I. SWOT ANALYSIS:
The SWOT Analysis of SSKI Ltd can be briefly summarized as follows:
Strengths:
1. Wide range of innovative financial products
2. Big client base
3. In-house research house
4. online as well as offline trading
5. Online IPO/ MF services
6. Share shops
7. Transparent

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8. User friendly tie ups with 10 banks
9. Excellent order execution speed and reliability
WEAKNESS
1. Lack of awareness among customer
2. Less focus on customer retention
3. Less exposure
OPPORTUNITIES:
1. Improve Web based trading
2. Focus on Institutional investors
3. Concentrate on HNI (HIGH NET WORTH INVESTOR)
4. Educated people
THREATS
1. Aggressive promotional strategies by close competitor like Religare,
Angel Broking and India bulls
2. Entry of foreign finance firms in Indian Market
3. Lack of sufficient branch office for speedy delivery of services.

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SAVING
Savings is the portion of income not spent on current expenditures. Because a person does
not know what will happen in the future, money should be saved to pay for unexpected
events or emergencies. And the amount which is kept aside for the future use it may not have
a Return.
In a simple macroeconomics model, with no government spending, and no international
sector, we have:
Y = C + S, where S = personal saving, Y = Real GDP and C - Real Consumption
Spending.
Real GDP measures as a flow of earning is either consumed or saved.
INVESTMENT
In the general terms investment refers to the keeping our money in the financial assets and
keeping in somewhere else. The invested amount can increased for the future. It may have
return also.
Sectorial Composition of Saving:
Gross Domestic savings accrue from three sectors
i. Government or public sector
ii. Private corporate sector
iii. The household sector
The public sector includes government administration, departmental undertakings,
government companies and statutory corporations. The private corporate sector
comprises of non-government non-financial corporate enterprise. The rest is termed
household sector. Thus, the household sector, being residual in character, includes a host
of economic agents who engage in production/consumption activity.
Among the three sectors, as in most other countries, the household sector in India too
contributes the bulk-more than two-third of the total savings. The government sector and
the corporate sector contribute the balance, i.e. about one-third of total saving in the
country.
Source of savings:
Main sources of savings in India are as follows:
1) Household Savings:
The household sector is the largest contributor to domestic saving. It is important as it
reflects how efficiently savings are converted into investment with the role of financial
sector’s intermediation in the process. These sectors include the saving of:
a. Households (families),
b. Non-Profit institutions like collage, hospitals, etc.
c. Non-corporate business unit.

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Household savings can be divided into three parts, as follows:
a. Physical Assets: The physical assets include housing, machinery, furniture,
fixture and real estate.
b. Financial Assets: This takes the form of currency, bank deposits, shares and
debentures, claims on government, mutual funds, national savings certificates, life
insurance funds and provident and pension funds.
c. The Unaccounted Savings of the Household Sector: The unaccounted savings
of the household sector are always kept in the form of gold, silver and durable
goods on which information is very scanty. However, on the basis of estimates the
proportion of these assets is placed in a range of 3 to 10 per cent of the GNP in
any year.
2) Government Savings:
Government savings come from surpluses of public enterprises and other public financial
institutions. Government savings formed 7.4 per cent of GDP in the economy.
Among the factors responsible for this trend, the most important are:
a. Deterioration in the overall tax GDP ratio, and
b. The increasing losses over time made by public sector utilities such as state
Electricity and Water Boards, State Road transport Corporation, and the
Railways.
3) Private Corporate Savings:
The share of private corporate sector in total savings was 9.4 per cent. This, however,
came down to 7.4 per cent. But it has been moving upwards since then, reaching at of
8.24 per cent.
In developed countries, the corporate sector has contributed, significantly to national
savings, while it has not done so in India, in spite of the development within the
secondary and tertiary sectors of the economy and the significant increase in
manufactured output.
This is attributed to the following factors:
a. Massive increase in the use of loan capital in Indian industry and the fall in the
share of profits in factor incomes
b. Significant position of the unincorporated private sector in Indian manufacturing
and commerce which is reflected in household savings and not in the ‘private
corporate savings’; and
c. The taxation policy, which discourages the accumulation of undistributed profits
in companies and corporations coupled with a low profitability syndrome.
Different national saving schemes offered by the Central Government:
1. Post Office Saving Account:
This account offers an interest rate of 3.5% per annum on both the individual as
well as joint account. The tenure for this account is not fixed. The account can be
opened by investing any amount, subject to a minimum of Rs.50 to a maximum of

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Rs.1 lakh for individual account and Rs.2 lakhs for joint account. Cheque and Debit
card Facility is also available to this product.
2. Kisan Vikas Patra(KVP):
The Kisan Vikas Patra (KVP) is one of the premier and popular saving scheme
offering from the Indian Postal Department. This product has had a very chequered
history- initially successful, deemed a product that could be misused and thus
terminated in 2011.
3. Sukanya Samriddhi Account:
Saving scheme offering from the Indian Ministry of Finance, the Sukanya
Samriddhi Yojana (SSY) Accounts are aimed at ensuring a bright future for the girl
children in India.
4. Atal Pension Yojana:
It is one of India’s most popular erstwhile Prime Ministers, the Atal Pension Yojana
is aimed squarely at the weaker sections of the society as well as those individuals
who can benefit from a government sponsored welfare program.
5. National Pension System:
This scheme is available to the employees of the state and central Government
organizations, employees of corporate and MNC entities, individuals as well as
workers from the various unorganized sectors.
6. Voluntary Provident Fund:
The term ‘voluntary’ signifies willingly or doing something when guided by their
own free will. The concept of Voluntary Provident Fund (VPF) draws on this,
wherein the subscriber willingly contributes up to 100% of their basic salary and
dearness allowance into their respective Employee Provident Fund (EPF), instead of
the usual 12%.
7. Deposit Scheme for Retiring Government Employees
This scheme is particularly targeted to benefit retiring public sector employees.
8. Seniors Citizen Saving Scheme (SCSS):
This saving scheme option is exclusively to senior citizens in India
Types of Investment:
1. Autonomous Investment
Investment which does not change with the changes in income level is called as
Autonomous or Government Investment.
Autonomous Investment remains constant irrespective of income level. Which means
even if the income is low, the autonomous, Investment remains the same. It refers to the
investment made on houses, roads, public buildings and other parts of Infrastructure. The
Government normally makes such a type of investment.
2. Induced Investment

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Investment which changes with the changes in the income level, is called as Induced
Investment.
Induced Investment is positively related to the income level. That is, at high levels of
income entrepreneurs are induced to invest more and vice-versa. At a high level of
income, Consumption expenditure increases this leads to an increase in investment of
capital goods, in order to produce more consumer goods.
3. Financial Investment
Investment made in buying financial instruments such as new shares, bonds, securities,
etc. is considered as a Financial Investment.
However, the money used for purchasing existing financial instruments such as old
bonds, old shares, etc., cannot be considered as financial investment. It is a mere transfer
of a financial asset from one individual to another. In financial investment, money
invested for buying of new shares and bonds as well as debentures have a positive impact
on employment level, production and economic growth.
4. Real Investment
Investment made in new plant and equipment, construction of public utilities like schools,
roads and railways, etc., is considered as Real Investment.
Real investment in new machine tools, plant and equipment purchased, factory buildings,
etc. increases employment, production and economic growth of the nation. Thus real
investment has a direct impact on employment generation, economic growth, etc.
5. Planned Investment
Investment made with a plan in several sectors of the economy with specific objectives is
called as Planned or Intended Investment.
Planned Investment can also be called as Intended Investment because an investor while
making an investment makes a concrete plan of his investment.
6. Unplanned Investment
Investment done without any planning is called as an Unplanned or Unintended
Investment. In unplanned type of investment, investors make investment randomly
without making any concrete plans. Hence it can also be called as Unintended
Investment. Under this type of investment, the investor may not consider the specific
objectives while making an investment decision.
7. Gross Investment
Gross Investment means the total amount of money spent for creation of new capital
assets like Plant and Machinery, Factory Building, etc. It is the total expenditure made on
new capital assets in a period.
8. Net Investment
Net Investment is Gross Investment less (minus) Capital Consumption (Depreciation)
during a period of time, usually a year. It must be noted that a part of the investment is
meant for depreciation of the capital asset or for replacing a worn-out capital asset. Hence
it must be deducted to arrive at net investment.

27
Importance of Investment
1. Financial Independence: First and the foremost thing is an investment gives you
financial freedom. If we invest money from the beginning then we need not to
worry about the future financial needs.
2. Increases Wealth: Besides making you financially independent, investment
makes you rich also. As you invest more and more money for a long time, it will
definitely make you richer. In the present generation, it is of utmost importance to
be rich as it gives more benefit in each and every aspect of your life.
3. Fulfilling Personal Goals: If you have a desire for having a luxurious apartment
and a luxurious car of your own, then it is obvious that these desires may be
fulfilled by a planned investment and savings. As you invest more, you tend to
become richer. And as you become richer, you may find no difficulty in achieving
your personal goal.
4. Reduce Future Risk: If we do investment from the beginning then we can get
money of investment in future and so that our future will become safe and our
future risk also reduce.
Investment Avenues
Lowest Investment Risk Instruments
 Bank Deposits
 Certificate of Deposits
 Commercial Papers Treasury
 Bills Government Bonds
Moderate Risk Instruments
 Corporate Bonds
 Mutual Funds
 Exchange traded Funds
 Convertible Bonds
 Real Estate
 Gold
High risk Instruments
 Equity - Investment in Stocks
 Futures
 Arts and collectibles
 Non-Convertible Debentures
 Real Estate
 Foreign Exchange Trading

28
Here we can discuss some very mostly preferable investment avenues in the details as
below
Equity: Equity is an investment avenue which is able to offer the highest possible returns
but is very risky as there are huge probabilities of investors even losing some part of the
invested capital too. This can offer returns in range of 15- 50% annually in good times
and negative returns of 5-15% also.
Mutual Funds: A mutual fund is a collection of stocks and bonds. When you buy a
mutual fund, you are pooling your money with a number of other investors, which
enables you to pay a professional manager to select specific securities for you. The
primary advantage of a mutual fund is that you can invest your money without the time or
the experience that are often needed to choose a sound investment.
Bonds: The term bond is commonly used to refer to any securities that are founded on
debt. When you purchase a bond, you are lending out your money to a company or
government. In return, they agree to give you interest on your money and eventually pay
you back the amount you lent out. The main attraction of bonds is their relative safety.
The safety and stability, however, come at a cost. Because there is little risk, there is little
potential return. The return from bonds ranges between 7-10% annually.
Real Estate: Anyone can also invest in real estate. This investment offers attractive
return. But the price fluctuation in bad times very high. And one needs lakhs of rupees to
get started in this market.
Fixed Deposits: One can opt to invest in fixed deposits. The investments into fixed
deposits offer normal returns and low risks. The investments into fixed deposits are
available in forms of bank fixed deposits, post office fixed deposits, and company fixed
deposits.
Insurance: Insurance has become one of the most important investment avenues in India.
Unit Linked Insurance Plans are very popular in India besides the traditional endowment
policies.
Provident Funds: This is one of the safest long term investment options. This is mainly
for retirement purpose.
Gold: This Avenue is very popular in India. Gold as an investment option has the
moderate risk and one big thing is that it is in the physical form so, mostly Indian people
prefer.
Investment strategies
Understanding of the investment choices available, that may come across specialized terms
that explain how money can be invested:
 Allocation of Investments:

29
Also known as asset allocation, this term refers to the types of investments/asset
categories you own and the percentage of each you have in your investment
portfolio.
 Diversification:
This is a risk management technique that mixes a wide variety of investments to
potentially minimize your investment risk.
 Cost Averaging:
An investment strategy used whereby an investor purchases fixed investment
amounts at predetermined times, regardless of the price of the investment.
Investment can be classified under three heads:
a) Ownership Investment:
They are the most volatile and profitable class of investment. Generally they are in
the form of
I. Stocks
II. Business
III. Real Estates
IV. Precious Objects
b) Lending Investment:
They lend to be the lower risk than the ownership investments and return less as result.
These are mostly associated with Saving Account and Bonds.
c) Cash Equivalents:
These are ‘as good is cash’, which means they are easy to convert back into cash.
Money market funds are the best example of this category.

30
CHAPTER – II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

31
This chapter makes an attempt to review few of studies on saving and investment briefly as
follows:
Harshvardhan N. Bhavsar (2013) made an attempt to determine the relationship between the
savings and investments pattern among the school teachers. It shows the significant
relationship with the income and saving. The study was done on the different government
and private school teachers. The teaching community has started realizing the importance of
money and money’s worth. They are initiated to prepare a budget for the proposed expenses
and compare it with the actual expenses met by them, so that they are not influenced by other
tempting and fashionable expenses. This study concludes that mainly linked the main
avenues of investment are in form of bank deposits. It is evident from the study undertaken
that most of the teachers are saving their money for the purpose of their children’s education,
marriage and other welfare expenses.
Varsha Virani (2013), exposed that the study which reveals the savings and investment
pattern in the Rajkot city. It shows the major impact on savings is due to the level of income
of the school teachers. In spite of low income the teachers have been saving for future needs.
To improve the living standard of people has been increasing day by day. They avoid
spending money on heavy luxurious life style and preferring the normal living standard. This
research the majority of the respondents are saving money in the form of Bank deposits for
the safety of an unpredictable future. The main investments are bank deposits. this study
concludes that in their study explain that main purpose of investment is for children
education, marriage, and security after retirement.
D. Umamaheswari, and K. Suganthi (2012), exposed the study was to determine the
relationship between the savings and investments pattern among the school teachers. It was
done on the different government and private school teachers. The teachers have been saving
for future needs. Today the teaching community has started realizing the importance of
money. The budget which is proposed expenses as compare with the actual expenses met by
teachers, it not influenced by other tempting and fashionable expenses. The study shows that
the majority of the teachers are saving money in the form of bank deposits, gold, post office
deposits and LIC.
Maheswari (2016) reveals in her study that most of the respondents earning capacity is less,
even if they earned more they distributed only minimum portion of their income to saving.
Number of respondents invested in the form of financial assets is high but amount invested in
financial assets is less. Respondents are selected only from rural area are having low income
people, less educated, not well employed and they contributed to bank deposit, post office
and life insurance and not to mutual fund, shares, debenture, bonds and lack of awareness on
new schemes and opportunities in financial assets leads to reduce the investments in higher
risk financial assets.

32
L. Pandiyan and T. Aranganathan (2013), in their study it is examined by seven underlying
dimensions of savings and investments, Secured Life, Avoiding investments in Private
parties and Companies, Lack of guidelines to children about saving, Tough Task but good for
future, Creation of Awareness about saving habit by Government, Savings Requires
Experience and Wrong investment decision by many. The study shows the respondents have
high the status of attitude about all aspects except Tough Task but good for future are high.
Regarding “Tough Task but good for future”, the respondents that are found with moderate
attitude.
Deepak Sood and Dr. Navdeep Kaur (2015), has reveals in their study that relationship
between Annual Savings and Age, Income, Sector wise Employment, Education of people at
Chandigarh. It was propounded here that the most preferred investment options are LIC and
bank deposits and most of the factors influencing investment decisions were high returns, tax
benefit and safety. The study undertaken that most of the people are saving their money for
children’s education, marriage and to fulfil the other goals of life. There are bright chances to
increase the saving and investment habits of salaried class people at Chandigarh.
Dr. Ananthapadhmanabha Achar (2012) studied “Saving and Investment Behaviour of
Teachers - An empirical study”. In the analysis individual characteristics of teachers such as
age, gender, marital status, and lifestyle determined the savings and investment behaviour of
teaching community in the study region. They considered monthly family income, stage of
family life cycle, and upbringing status emerged as determinants of their savings and
investment behaviour. the attitude of teachers toward consumption, saving and investment
would reflect their economic behaviour, which would influence quality of life and in turn
influence their profession and the education system.
Against this background, this study makes an attempt to examine the savings and investment
pattern of teachers working in different educational institutions of Hyderabad city by doing
the primary survey.

33
CHAPTER - III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

34
Objectives of the study:
This study has been conducted on selected teachers who are working as teachers, Lecturers
and professors in the Hyderabad city. This study covers the teachers (all) working in both
public and private sectors. The main objectives of the study are:
1. To examine the demographic profile of the respondents in the Hyderabad.
2. To examine the saving and investment pattern of the teachers working in the
Hyderabad City.
3. To understand the perceptions of the teachers working in both private and
government sector on the pattern of saving and investment.
The present study on
Savings and Investments Pattern of Teachers in Hyderabad City
The present study is based on the primary data. This study has been conducted on the level of
respondents as described below. In this survey, 10 schools, colleges and universities located
in the Hyderabad city have been covered.
Teachers working in different private and government sector educational institutions of
Hyderabad city are considered for this study.
This study has classified the respondent teachers into three categories:
Higher level, Middle level and Lower Level
 Higher level respondents are classified as Chairmans, Directors and Head of
Departments
 Middle level respondents are classified as Professors, Assistant professors, lectures.
 Lower level respondents are classifies as Primary and secondary level teachers.
Data Collection:
My study is based on the primary data using a questionnaire method. It consists of 26
questions
Sample size ---- 100 members
Type of sampling - Convenient Sampling
Area of study -- Hyderabad city
Period of study ---- 5th
June 2017 to 1st
August 2017
The questionnaire adopted for this study is given as follows:

35
QUESTIONNAIRE
ON
SAVING AND INVESTMENT PATTERN OF TEACHERS IN HYDERABAD CITY -
A SURVEY
Dear Sir/Madam,
My study for project report is on the Savings and Investments pattern of Teachers in
Hyderabad City. I would very much appreciate your co-operation in responding to the
questions below. All answers in this questionnaire are used for academic purpose only and
will be kept confidential. Kindly cooperate and help me to complete the survey successfully.
I. PROFILE:
1. Age: 20 – 30 31 – 40 41 – 50 Above
50
2. Gender: Male Female
3. Marital Status: Married Unmarried
4. Educational qualification: SSC UG PG Professional
Others
5. Type of Organization: Private Government.
6. Years of Experience:
Less than 5 Years 5 – 10 years 10 – 15 years More than 15
years.
7. Level of Designation: Top Level Middle Level Lower
Level
8. Family Size: 0 -3 3 – 6 Above 6
9. Sources of income:
10. Monthly Income:
Less than Rs.10, 000 Rs.10, 000 to Rs.30, 000
Rs.30, 000 to Rs.50, 000 Above Rs.50, 000
Sources of income Please tick appropriate
A) Spouse income
B) Income from children
C) Agriculture income
D) Income from parents
E) Rent from house
F) Other income (specify)

36
II. SAVING AND INVESTMENT ATTRIBUTES:
1. How do you spend your monthly income?
Shopping Investment Saving All of the
Above
2. What percentage of your income do you save?
0-10% 10-20% 20-30% 30-40%
3. How much do you invest/ saving/ making financial plan at the first time?
Below Rs.5000 Rs.5, 000 – Rs.10, 000
Rs.10, 000 – Rs.50, 000 Above Rs.50, 000
4. Where do you get investment information?(Please tick the following)
Friends Internet TV .
Newspapers Ads Others
Relatives Consultants
5. How do you invest your savings?(please tick)
Savings account Mutual Funds and other Investment Schemes
Shares, Bonds etc. I do not have any of these investments
Pension Fund Real Estate
Precious Metals Other
6. What is the proportion of savings and expenditure in your earnings? Savings: Expenditure.
10:90 20:80 30:70 40:60 50:50.
7. Types of Investments:
Long term (greater than 3 years)
Medium term (1 to 3 year)
Short term (less than 1 year).
8. Objective of your investment:
Safety Liquidity Return
Reliability Low risk Other factors
9. How do you manage your investments?
Self-Managed Stock Brokerage Through bank Others (Finan Advi,
Agents,)
10. Have you invested your savings so far? Yes No

37
11. If you save, you would prefer instruments which are
Low risk Moderate risk High risk
12. If you save, please specify reasons for saving (Tick as many as applicable )Planning for
retirement
Purchase of Property Marriage of Children
To Claim Income Tax Benefit For Children’s education
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENCE
Tools applied in this study are as follows:
The tools which are applied in this study are percentage, averages, pie diagrams, bar
diagrams etc. using excel sheets.

38
CHAPTER – IV
DATA ANALYSIS

39
This chapter deals with the data analysis part of the research study to analyse the saving
investment pattern of the teachers working in Hyderabad city, percentages and appropriate
figures have been used at various level, to draw the meaningful inferences. Thus, this chapter
provides a detailed picture about the saving and investment pattern of the teachers based on
primary data.
The analysis under two broad headings namely profile of the respondents and saving and
investment attribute in detail.
This chapter mainly deals with the data
I. Profile of the Respondents
Age composition of the Respondents
TABLE: I. 1
FIGURE I. 1
Age composition of the Respondents
From Table I. 1 and Figure I. 1, it is clear that out of 100 teachers, 31% are in 20 – 30 age
groups, 27% of them are in the 31 – 40 age group, 23% of them are in 41-50 age groups. The
remaining 19% of teachers are in the age group of above 50 years.
31%
27%
23%
19%
Age
20 - 30
31 - 40
41 - 50
Above 50
Age (In Years) %
20 – 30 31%
31 – 40 27%
41 – 50 23%
Above 50 19%

40
Gender of the Respondents
TABLE: I. 2
FIGURE: I. 2
Gender of the Respondents
From the Table I. 2 Figure I. 2, out of 100 respondents of this study, it is clear that 57% are
male teachers and 43% are female teaches considered for this study.
57%
43%
GENDER
Male
Female
GENDER %
Male 57%
Female 43%

41
Marital status of the Respondents
Table: I. 3
Figure: I. 3
Marital status of the Respondents
It is evident from Table I. 3 and Figure I. 3, out of 100 teachers, 64% are married and 36%
are unmarried teachers are considered for this study.
64%
36%
MARITAL STATUS
Married
Unmarried
MARITAL STATUS %
Married 64%
Unmarried 36%

42
Educational Qualifications of the Respondents
TABLE: I. 4
FIGURE: I. 4
Educational Qualifications of the Respondents
From the Table I. 4 and Figure I. 4, Out of 100 teachers, 46% of teachers are qualified up to
Post Graduation, 13% are undergraduates. The teachers with other qualifications are 12% and
the teachers having 5% of teachers are with SSC qualification. Ph. D is 4% of teachers
considered for the study.
5%
13%
46%
20%
12%
4%
EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION
SSC
UG
PG
Professional
Others
Phd
EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION %
SSC 5%
UG 13%
PG 46%
Professional 20%
Others 12%
PhD 4%

43
TABLE: I. 5
Type of organisation where the Respondents are working
FIGURE: I. 5
Type of organisation where the Respondents are working
From the Table I. 5 and Figure I. 5, it is clear that the type of educational organisations
considered for this study can be classified into two types. From the above analysis it is
evident that 23% of respondents are working in Government organisations and remaining
77% of teachers are working in private organisations.
23%
77%
TYPE OF ORGANISATION
GOVERNMENT
PRIVATE
TYPE OF ORGANISATION
%
GOVERNMENT 23%
PRIVATE 77%

44
Years of teaching experience in of the Respondents
Table: I. 6
FIGURE: I. 6
Years of teaching experience in of the Respondents
From Table I. 6 and Figure I. 6, It is clear that out of 100 respondents, 36% of teachers are
having less than 5 years of experience. 28% of them are having 5 to 10 years of experience,
and 19% of them are having 10 to 15 years of experience. The remaining 17% of the teachers
are having more than 15 years of teaching experience.
36%
28%
19%
17%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%
Less than 5 Years
5 - 10 Years
10 - 15 years
More than 15 years
YEARS OF EXPERIENCE
YEARS OF TEACHING EXPERIENCE %
Less than 5 Years 36%
5 - 10 Years 28%
10 – 15 Years 19%
More than 15 years 17%

45
Designation Level of the Respondents
TABLE: I. 7
FIGURE: I. 7
Designation Level of the Respondents
From Table I. 7 and Figure I. 7, out of 100 respondents, 16% are of them are in top level
designation of teachers, it is found that there are 29% teachers in the lower level is at the
29% . However 55% of teachers are in the middle level. Top level people are considered as
Head of Departments, Directors, Chairman and principals. Middle level people are
Professors, Lectures, and Secondary level teachers. The primary level teachers are considered
under Lower level in this study.
16%
55%
29%
LEVEL OF DESIGNATION
Top Level
Middle level
Lower level
LEVEL OF DESIGNATION %
Top Level 16%
Middle level 55%
Lower level 29%

46
Family size of the Respondents
TABLE: I. 8
Figure: I. 8
Family size of the Respondents
From Table I. 8 & Figure I. 8, it is clear that 49% of respondents are having 4 – 6 family
members. 40% of the respondents are having 1 – 3 family members. But only 11% of the
respondents are having above 6 members in their families.
40%
49%
11%
FAMILY SIZE
1 - 3
4 - 6
Above 6
FAMILY SIZE %
1 – 3 40%
4 – 6 49%
Above 6 11%

47
Source of income of the Respondents
TABLE: I. 9
Figure: I. 9
Source of income of the Respondents
From Table I. 9 and Figure I.9, out of 100 respondents, 46% of the teachers having their
salary is major source of 1ncome. 17% of respondents are having salary and agriculture, 6%
of respondents are having salary, agriculture income, and income from rent is the source of
income. 10% of the respondents are having salary and spouse income is the source of
income. 3% of respondents are having salary and other income is source of 1ncome. 4% of
respondents are having salary, spouse income, income from agriculture and income rent is
the major source of income for the respondents.
46%
17%
6%
10%
6%
3%
5%
4%
3%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Salary
Salary; Agriculture Income
Salary; Income from Parents
Salary, Spouse Income
Salary; Agriculture Income, Rent
from House
Salary, Spouse Income,
Agriculture Income
salary; Agriculture income; Income
from Parents; Rent from House
Salary; Rent from House; Spouse
Income, Agriculture Income
Salary; Other Income
Source of Income
Source of Income
Source of Income %
Salary 46%
Salary; Agriculture Income 17%
Salary; Income from Parents 6%
Salary, Spouse Income 10%
Salary; Agriculture Income, Rent from House 6%
Salary, Spouse Income, Agriculture Income 3%
salary; Agriculture income; Income from Parents; Rent from House 5%
Salary; Rent from House; Spouse Income, Agriculture Income 4%
Salary; Other Income 3%

48
Monthly income of the Respondents
Table: I. 10
Figure: I. 10
Monthly income of the Respondents
From Table I. 10 and Figure I.10, it is clear that 48% of Teachers are having monthly income
of Rs.10,000 to Rs.30,000. 26% of the teachers are having Rs.30,000 – 50,000 as their
monthly income. 17% of the teachers are having above Rs.50,000 as their monthly income.
But only 9% of teachers are having Less than Rs. 10,000 as their monthly income.
9%
48%
26%
17%
MONTHLY INCOME
Less than Rs. 10, 000
Rs. 10,000 to Rs.30,000
Rs. 30,000 to Rs.50,000
Above Rs. 50,000
MONTHLY INCOME %
Less than Rs.10, 000 9%
Rs.10,000 to Rs.30,000 48%
Rs.30,000 to Rs.50,000 26%
Above Rs.50,000 17%

49
II. SAVING AND INVESTMENT ATTRIBUTE
Spending monthly income of the Respondents
TABLE: II. 1
Figure: II. 1
Spending monthly income of the Respondents
From Table II.1 and Figure II.1, out of 100 respondents, 43% of respondents are spending
their monthly income in savings, Shopping and Investments. 39% of the respondents are
spending their monthly income on the savings. 11% of respondents are spending their
monthly income on shopping. 7% of the respondents are are spending their monthly income
on the investment.
11%
39%
7%
43%
Spending Monthly Income
Shopping
Savings
Investment
All of the above
Spending monthly income %
Shopping 11%
Savings 39%
Investment
7%
All of the above 43%

50
Share of Saving of the Respondents
TABLE: II. 2
Share of savings in income %
0 - 10% 26%
10 - 20% 34%
20 - 30% 24%
30 – 40% 16%
Figure : II. 2
Share of Saving of the Respondents
From Table II.2 and figure II.2, it is clear that, 34% of the respondents are used to save 10 –
20% of their income and 26% of respondents are used to save of their income 0 – 10%. 24%
of respondents used to save their income at 20 – 30% of their income. But only16% of
respondents are used to save their income at 30 – 40%.
26%
34%
24%
16%
Share of saving in income
0 - 10%
10 - 20%
20 - 30%
30 – 40%

51
Saving and invested for fist time of the Respondents
Table: II. 3
Figure: II. 3
Saving and invested for fist time of the Respondents
From the Table II. 3 and Figure II. 3, out of 100 respondents, 42% of respondents are
saved and invested below Rs.5,000 for the first time. 29% of the respondents are saved and
invested of Rs.5, 000 – Rs.10,000. 17% of the respondents are saved and invested of
Rs.10,000 – Rs.50,000. 12% of respondents are stared investing of above Rs.50,000 for the
first time
42%
29%
17%
12%
Saving/Invested for First Time
Below Rs. 5,000
RS. 5,000 - Rs.
10,000
Rs. 10,000 - Rs.
50,000
Above Rs. 50,000
Saving and invested for first time %
Below Rs.5,000
42%
RS.5,000 - Rs.10,000
29%
Rs.10,000 - Rs.50,000
17%
Above Rs.50,000
12%

52
Getting Investment information of the Respondents
Table: II. 4
Investment Information
%
Internet 14%
Friends 10%
Friends; Relatives
10%
Tv, Ads, Internet 9%
Friends; Newspapers; TV; Ads
8%
Friends, Newspaper, Relatives, Internet
7%
News paper 7%
Relatives 6%
Others(Own Resources, Self) 5%
Relatives, Internet, Ads, Consultants
5%
Friends; Consultants
5%
Internet, Consultants
5%
Tv 5%
Consultants 4%

53
Figure: II. 4
Getting Investment information of the Respondents
From Table II.4 and Figure II.4, it is clear that out of 100 respondents, 14% of the
respondents are getting investment information from the Internet, 10% of the respondents are
getting information from the friends. Another 10% of the respondents are getting information
from the friends and relatives. 9% of the respondents are getting information from TV, ads,
internet. 8% of respondents are getting information from the Friends, Newspaper, TV, ads.
7% of respondents are getting information from the friends, relatives, newspaper, and
internet. 7% of respondents are getting information from the newspaper. 5% of respondents
are getting information from friends and consultants. 4% of respondents are getting
14%
10%
10%
9%
8%
7%
7%
6%
5%
5%
5%
5%
5%
4%
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16%
Internet
Friends
Friends; Relatives
Tv, Ads, Internet
Friends; Newspapers; TV; Ads
Friends, Newspaper, Relatives, Internet
News paper
Relatives
Others(Own Resources, Self)
Relatives, Internet, Ads, Consultants
Friends; Consultants
Internet, Consultants
Tv
Consultants

54
information from the consultants. 5% of respondents get information from their own
resources.
How do you invest your savings?
Table: II. 5
Figure 11. 5
How do you invest your savings?
From Table II.5 and Figure II.5, it is clear that out of 100 respondents, 30% of respondents are
invested their savings in the savings account (fixed deposits), 15% of respondents are
invested in the form of Precious stones, 10% of respondents are invested in the shares and
mutual funds. Only 10% of respondents are invested in the shares; bonds etc. 10% of the
respondents are invested in the mutual funds. 10% of respondents are invested their saving in
the real estate, other. 5% of the respondents are invested in the pension fund. 10% of the
respondents are invested in the real estates and 15% of respondents are invested in the others.
30%
10%
10%
10%
5%
10%
15%
5%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
Savings Account (Fixed deposits,…
Shares, Bonds etc., Mutual funds
Shares, bonds etc.
Mutual funds
Pension funds
Real estates
Precious Metals (Gold, Silver,…
Others
Investment of Savings
Investment of Savings
Investment of Savings %
Savings Account (Fixed deposits, others) 30%
Shares, Bonds etc., Mutual funds 10%
Shares, bonds etc. 10%
Mutual funds 10%
Pension funds, 5%
Real estates 10%
Precious Metals (Gold, Silver, Diamond etc.) 15%
Others 5%

55
Saving and Expenditure proportion of the Respondents
Table: II. 6
Saving and expenditure proportion %
10 : 90 15%
20 : 80
16%
30 : 70 26%
40 : 60 21%
50 : 50
22%
Figure: II. 6
Saving and Expenditure proportion of the Respondents
From the Table II.6 and Figure II.6 out of 100 respondents, it reveals that, 26% of the
respondents saving and expenditure proportion is 30:70. And 22% of the respondents saving
and expenditure proportion is 50:50. 21% of the respondents saving and expenditure
proportion is 40:50. 16% of respondents saving and expenditure proportion is 20:80. But
however, 15% of the respondents saving and expenditure proportion is 10: 90.
15%
16%
26%
21%
22%
Saving and Expenditure proportion
10 : 90
20 : 80
30 : 70
40 : 60
50 : 50

56
Types of Investment of the Respondents:
Table: II. 7
Figure: II.7
Types of Investment of the Respondents:
From Table II.7 and Figure II.7, out of 100 respondents, it clear that 46% of the respondents
are preferred short term investment. And 30% of the respondents are preferred medium term
type of investment. Finally 24% of the respondents are preferred long tern type of
investment.
46%
30%
24%
Types of Investments:
Short term (less than
1 year)
Medium term (1 to 3
year)
Long term (greater
than 3 years)
Types of Investments
%
Short term (less than 1 year)
46%
Medium term (1 to 3 year)
30%
Long term (greater than 3 years)
24%

57
Investment Objective of the Respondents
Table: II .8
Objective of investment %
Liquidity 20%
Low risk 11%
Return 6%
Safety 5%
Safety; Return 6%
Liquidity, Reliability, Safety, Low risk 9%
Safety; Reliability; Liquidity; Low risk; Return 13%
Safety; Liquidity ;Low risk 11%
Return, Liquidity, Safety, Low risk 12%
Safety, Liquidity, Return, Reliability, Low risk, Other Factors 7%
Figure: II.8
Investment Objective of the Respondents
respondents objective if investment is liquidity, 13% of the respondents their objective of
investment is safety, liquidity, reliability, low risk. 12% of the respondents their objective of
the investment is return, liquidity, reliability, safety, low risk. 11% of the respondent’s
objective is to safety, liquidity, low risk. 11% of the respondents is low risk, 9% of the
respondents objective is safety, liquidity, return. l7% of the respondent’s objective is safety,
return, liquidity, low risk, reliability, other factors. 6% of the respondent’s objective is return,
safety, 5% of the respondents objective of investment is safety.
20%
11%
6%
5%
6%
9%
13%
11%
12%
7%
0% 10% 20% 30%
Liquidity
Low risk
Return
Safety
Safety;Return
Liquidity, Reliability, Safety, Low risk
Safety;Reliability;Low risk;Return
Safety;Liquidity;Low risk
Return, Liquidity, reliabillity, Safety, Low risk
Safety, Liquidity, Return, Reliability, Low risk,
Other Factors
Objective of investment
Objective of investment

58
Manage investment by Respondents
Table: II. 9
Figure: II. 9
Manage investment by Respondents
From Table II.9 and Figure II.9, it is clear that out of 100 respondents, 62% of respondents
are managing their investment through self-managed. And 23% of the respondents are
managed their Investment by through bank. 8% of the respondents are managed their
investment through stock brokerage. And finally, 7% of the respondents are managed their
investment through financial advisors and agents.
62%
8%
23%
7%
Manage Investments
Self-Managed
Stock Brokerage
Through Bank
Other (Finan
advisor, agents)
How do you manage your investments?
%
Self-Managed
62%
Stock Brokerage
8%
Through Bank 23%
Other (Finan advisor, agents)
7%

59
Have you invested your savings so far
Table: II. 10
Figure: II.10
Have you invested your savings so far
teachers are invested in different sectors. And 55% of respondents are not aware of the
investment they are not invested.
45%
55%
have you Invested
Yes No
Invested so far
%
Yes 45%
No 55%

60
Instrument Preference of the Respondents
Table: II. 11
Instrument Prefer %
Low Risk 51%
Moderate risk 40%
High Risk 9%
Figure II. 11
Instrument Preference of the Respondents
From Table II. 11and Figure II. 11, it is clear that out of 100 respondents, 51% of the
respondents are preferred low risk, and 40% of the respondents are preferred Moderate risk
instrument. 9% of the respondents are preferred high risk instrument.
51%
40%
9%
Instruments Preffernce
Low Risk
Moderate risk
High Risk

61
Reasons for saving of the Respondents
Table: II. 12
Reasons for Saving %
Purchase of Property
18%
For children’s education
19%
To Claim Income Tax Benefit
9%
Purchase of vehicle
6%
Purchase of Property, Marriage of Children, For Children's Education
30%
Purchase of Property, To Claim Income Tax Benefit, Marriage of Children
5%
Purchase of Property, To Claim Income Tax Benefit, Marriage of Children's
Education
9%

62
Figure: 11.12
Reasons for saving of the Respondents
From table 22 and figure 22, it is clear that out of 100 respondents, 30% of the respondent’s
reason for saving is to purchase of property, marriage of children’s and for children’s
education. 19% of the respondents reason for saving to for children’s education. 18% of the
respondents saved for the purchase of property. 9% of the respondents to purchase of vehicle,
and 9% of the respondents is to purchase of property, for children’s educations, for marriage
of children’s and to claim income tax. 5% of the respondent’s purpose of the saving is to
purchase of property, Marriage of children and for children education.
18%
19%
9%
6%
30%
5%
9%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
Purchase of Property
For children’s education
To Claim Income Tax Benefit
Purchase of vehicle
Purchase of Property, Marriage of Children,
For Children's Education
Purchase of Property, To Claim Income Tax
Benefit, Marriage of Children
Purchase of Property, To Claim Income Tax
Benefit, Marriage of Children's Education
Reasons for Saving
Reasons for Saving

63
CHAPTER – V
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

64
This chapter provides the broad picture about the overall findings of the entire study.
 From this study, it is clear that out of 100 teachers, 31% are in 20 – 30 years age
group, 27% of them are in the 31 – 40 years age group, 23% of them are in 41-50
years age group. The remaining 19% of teachers are in the age group of above 50
years.
 It is evident from the analysis, that 57% are male teachers and 43% are female
teachers considered for this study.
 From the analysis it is clear that 64% are married and 36% are unmarried teachers
considered for this study.
 From this study, it is obvious that 46% of teachers are qualified up to Post
Graduation, but 13% are undergraduates only. The teachers with other qualifications
are 12% and 5% of the teachers are with SSC qualification. It is important to note that
only 4% of teachers with Ph.D. qualification considered for the study.
 From the above analysis it is evident that 23% of respondents are working in
Government organizations and remaining 77% of teachers are working in private
organizations.
 It also concludes that, 36% of the teachers are having less than 5 years of experience.
28% of them are having 5 to 10 years of experience, and 19% of them are having 10
to 15 years of experience. The remaining 17% of the teachers are having more than
15 years of teaching experience.
 This study, it states that, out of 100 respondents, 16% are of them are in top level
designation. It is found that there are 29% of the respondents are in lower level of
designation. However 55% of the respondents are middle level.
 From this study it is clear that, 49% of respondents are having 4 to 6 family members
and 40% of the respondents are having 1 to 3 family members. But only 11% of the
respondents are having above 6 members in their families.
 From the analysis it is clear that, out of 100 respondents, for 46% of the teachers
having their salary is the major source of 1ncome. 17% of respondents are having
salary and agricultural, 6% of respondents are having salary, agricultural income and
income from rent as different sources of income. 10% of the respondents are having
salary and spouse income is the source of income. 3% of respondents are having
salary and other income as source of income. 4% of respondents are having salary,
Spouse income, income from agriculture and income rent as the major sources of
income.
 It is obvious that, 48% of Teachers are having monthly income of Rs.10, 000 to
Rs.30, 000 and 26% of the teachers are having Rs.30, 000 – 50,000 as their monthly

65
income. Only 17% of the teachers are having above Rs.50, 000 as their monthly
income. This study concludes only 9% of teachers are having less than Rs.10, 000 as
their monthly income.
 It is evident from the study that, 43% of respondents are spending their monthly
income on savings, shopping and investments. 39% of the respondents are spending
their monthly income on the savings. 11% of respondents are spending their monthly
income on shopping. 7% of the respondents are spending their monthly income on the
investment.
 From the study it concludes that, 34% of the respondents are used to save 10 – 20%
of savings from their income. 26% of respondents are used to save their income 0 –
10%. 24% of respondents used to save their income at 20 – 30%. But only16% of
respondents are used to save their income at 30 – 40%.
 From this study, it is clear that, out of 100 respondents, 42% of respondents have
saved and invested below Rs.5, 000 for the first time and 29% of the respondents
have saved and invested of Rs.5, 000 to Rs.10, 000. 17% of the respondents have
saved and invested of Rs.10000 to Rs.50, 000. 12% of respondents have started
investing of above Rs.50,000 for the first time.
 From the analysis, it can be summarized that, 14% of the respondents have received
the information from the Internet, and 10% of the respondents have received
information from the friends. Another 10% of the respondents have got the
information from the friends and relatives. 9% of the respondents are got information
from TV, ads, internet and 8% of respondents got information from the Friends,
Newspaper, TV, ads. 7% of respondents got information on investment from the
friends, relatives, newspaper, and internet. 7% of the respondents got information
from the newspaper. 5% of respondents are got information from friends and
consultants. 4% of respondents are got information from the consultants. 5% of
respondents got information from their own resources.
 From the analysis, it can be concluded that, 30% of respondents have invested their
savings in the savings account (fixed deposits), 15% of respondents have invested in
the form of Precious stones, 10% of respondents are invested in the shares and mutual
funds. Only 10% of the respondents have invested in the shares; bonds etc. 10% of
the respondents have invested in the mutual funds. 10% of respondents have invested
their saving in the real estate, other. 5% of the respondents have invested in the
pension fund. 10% of the respondents have invested in the real estates and the
remaining 15% of respondents have invested in the others.
 From the analysis, it is clear that, saving and expenditure proportion of 26% of the
respondents is 30:70. And 22% of the respondents saving and expenditure proportion
is 50:50. 21% of the respondents saving and expenditure proportion is 40:50. 16% of

66
respondents saving and expenditure proportion is 20:80. But however, 15% of the
respondents saving and expenditure proportion is 10: 90.
 From this study it states that, that 46% of the respondents are preferred short term
investment. And 30% of the respondents are preferred medium term type of
investment. Finally 24% of the respondents are preferred long tern type of
investment.
 From the analysis, it is clear that 20% of the respondents objective if investment is
liquidity, 13% of the respondents their objective of investment is safety, liquidity,
reliability, low risk. 12% of the respondents their objective of the investment is
return, liquidity, reliability, safety, low risk. 11% of the respondent’s objective is to
safety, liquidity, low risk. 11% of the respondents is low risk, 9% of the respondents
objective is safety, liquidity, return. l7% of the respondents objective is safety, return,
liquidity, low risk, reliability, other factors. 6% of the respondent’s objective is
return, safety, 5% of the respondents objective of investment is safety.
 It is obvious that, 62% of respondents are managing their investment through self-
managed. And 23% of the respondents are managed their Investment by through
bank. 8% of the respondents are managed their investment through stock brokerage.
And finally, 7% of the respondents are managed their investment through financial
advisors and agents.
 It is evident from the analysis, that 45% of the teachers are invested in different
sectors. And 55% of respondents are not aware of the investment.
 From this study, it is clear that 51% of the respondents are preferred low risk, and
40% of the respondents are preferred Moderate risk instrument. 9% of the
respondents are preferred high risk instrument.
 From the analysis it concludes that, 30% of the respondent’s reason for saving is to
purchase of property, marriage of children’s and for children’s education. 19% of the
respondents reason for saving to for children’s education. 18% of the respondents
saved for the purchase of property. 9% of the respondents to purchase of vehicle, and
9% of the respondents are to purchase of property, for children’s educations, for
marriage of children’s and to claim income tax. 5% of the respondent’s purpose of the
saving is to purchase of property, Marriage of children and for children education.

67
RECOMMENDATIONS/ SUGGESTIONS
These are the few Recommendation and suggestions for the study as follows:
 There are many new investment avenues have entered the market. The awareness
needs to be created among the school teachers.
 The school teachers need to understand the market situation and invest accordingly.
 To create the saving habits among the school teachers the mode of saving needs to be
very attractive.
 The school teachers should go for expert advice before investing.
 The school teachers can also invest in long term securities like Debts, Commodities,
Securities
CONCLUSION:
The above analysis, the study reveals the saving and investment of teachers in the Hyderabad
city. The study which reveals the 60% of the respondents are invested in the form of financial
asset such in the form of savings account, Share, bonds, Mutual funds, Pension Funds etc. .
And 40% of respondents are invested in the form of physical asset such as real estate,
Precious metals like gold, silver, platinum and diamond and other investments. And the
respondents are preferred the short term type of investment.
Most of the respondents that they have started their saving at the age of 20 – 30. And their
saving and expenditure proportion on the form of 50:50. They started saving for the future
needs.
The teachers are saved their savings in the form of fixed deposits, Real estates, Shares, Bonds
and Mutual Funds.
Most of the teachers are saved their money for the purpose of Purchase of Property, For
Children’s Education and Marriage of Children’s and to fulfil the other goals of life. And it
states that, there may be bright chances to increase the saving and investment habits of school
teachers

68
BIBILOGRAPHY
1. www.google.co.in
2. www.sharekhan.com
3. www.indianjournaloffinance.co.in
4. www.bnpparibas.co.in
5. www.Scholar.google.com
6. shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in
REFFERENCES
1. Prof. Harshvardhan N. Bhavsar, A Study of Saving and Investment Pattern of School
Teachers with special reference to Ahmednagar City, Maharashtra, IBMRD's Journal
of Management and Research, Print ISSN: 2277-7830
2. Dr. Varsha Virani, Saving and Investment Pattern of School Teachers – A Study with
reference to Rajkot City, Gujarat, National monthly refereed journal of research in
commerce & management, volume no.2, issue no.4
ISSN 2277-1166
3. Dr.D.Umamaheswari, Asst.Prof., Ms.K.Suganthi, Investment Pattern and Savings of
Teachers at Sirkali Town in Tamilnadu, International Journal of Managerial Studies
and Research (IJMSR) Volume 3, Issue 12, December 2015, PP 72-75 ISSN 2349-
0330 (Print) & ISSN 2349-0349 (Online) www.arcjournals.org
4. T. Maheswari, Saving and investment behavior of rural household (With special
reference to Coimbatore District), International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
and Development Online ISSN: 2349-4182, Print ISSN: 2349-5979, Impact Factor:
RJIF 5.72 www.allsubjectjournal.com Volume 3; Issue 3; March 2016; Page No. 270-
274
5. L. Pandiyan, Dr. T. Aranganathan, Savings and Investments Attitude of Salaried
Class in CUDDALORE District, IOSR Journal of Business and Management
(IOSRJBM) ISSN: 2278-487X Volume 1, Issue 1 (May-June 2012), PP 40-49
www.iosrjournals.org
6. Deepak Sood, Dr. Navdeep Kaur, ‘A Study of Saving and Investment Pattern of
Salaried Class People with Special Reference to Chandigarh (India)’, International
journal of Research in Engineering, it & Social sciences (issn 2250-0588) (impact
factor: 5.07, volume 5, issue 2, february 2015) website: www.indusedu.org
7. Dr. Ananthapadhmanabha achar, Saving and Investment Behaviour of
Teachers - an empirical study, International Journal of Physical and Social sciences,
ijpss Volume 2, issue 8 issn: 2249-5894, http://www.ijmra.us.

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