Here is the copy of my report about Survey Design

1. Quantitative
Research Approach
Presented by: Ms. Bernadeth L. Ouano
MA-LLI

3. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
•It involves identifying the characteristics
of an observed phenomenon
•It is exploring possible correlations among
two or more phenomena.
•It describes the situation as it is

4. Its definition

5. it is used to collect the data and facts
about some certain situation or issue
from the target population.
It is a survey is given to describe the
attitudes, opinions, behaviors or
characteristics of the population.
it describes the trends in the data rather
than offer rigorous explanations.
SURVEY DESIGN

6.  to describe the attitudes, opinions,
behaviors or characteristics of the
population.
 it describes the trends in the data
rather than offer rigorous
explanations.
 test hypotheses about nature of
relationships within a population.
It is used to

8. Types of Survey Design
 Cross Sectional Survey
 Longitudinal Survey
Trend Studies
Cohort Studies
Panel Studies

9. compared
•It provides information in a short amount of time
such as the time required for administering the
survey and collecting the information.
Cross-sectional Study
Group A ( 20-year-old)
Group B ( 50-year-old)
Group C ( 80-year-old)

10. Advantages
-Quicker to see changes
across different time
stages
-Larger sample size,
therefore outcomes are
easier to generalize
-inexpensive
Disadvantages
-cannot establish effects
-data collected relevant to
conditions when
researched.
-data provides what not
why
Cross-sectional Study

11. Group A
at the age 20
Longitudinal Study
• A research technique that studies the same group of
individuals over a long period of time.
Group A
at the age 80
Group A
at the age 50

12. Advantages
- examines changes within
individual over time
- provides a developmental
analysis
Disadvantages
- expensive
- takes a long time
- very time consuming
- usually a small sample,
- outcomes are difficult to
generalize
Longitudinal Study

13. Trend Studies
• focus on the same population of people use
opinion poll surveys to look at their attitudes
over time. While the population is always the
same, trend studies usually select different
market research survey samples from that
population.

14. Cohort Studies
• is a method in which a specific population is
studied repeatedly as well, but these studies
center around how given groups with a
common characteristic view social phenomena
over time.

15. Panel Studies
• utilize the same sample from the same
population over time. While more complicated and
difficult to carry out, this is the best design to truly
find out changes over time, because you are tracking
opinions of the exact same respondents repeatedly.

16. Time Data Collection
Trend Cohort Panel Group
comparisons
National
Assessment

18. •Sampling from a population
•Collecting data
•Designing instruments for data collection
•Obtaining a high response rate
Key Characteristics of Survey Research

19. The Population
It is the group of
individuals having one
characteristic that
distinguishes them from
other groups.
The Target
Population or
Sampling Frame
It is the actual list of
sampling units from
which the sample is
selected.
The Sample
is the group of participants
in the study selected from
the target population from
which the researcher
generalizes to the target
population.

21. Questionnaires are printed forms that ask the same
questions of all individuals in the sample and for
which respondents record their answers in verbal
form.
Interviews consist of oral questions asked by the
interviewer and oral responses by the research
participants.
Methods of Collecting Data

23. 1. Make all directions clear and unequivocal.
Guidelines in Constructing a Questionnaire
Example : Poor direction for a multiple response question:
Answer the following questions.
Better: Choose the items or options that would best answer
the question and write a check mark on the space before
each option . You may have more than one choice.

24. 2. Use correct grammar.
Guidelines in Constructing a Questionnaire
Example : Please accomplish the questionnaire as soon as
possible return it.
Better: Please accomplish the questionnaire and return it as
soon as possible.

25. 3. Make all questions unequivocal.
Guidelines in Constructing a Questionnaire
Example : Are you graduate?
Better: Are you a high school graduate?

26. 4. Avoid asking biased question.
.
Guidelines in Constructing a Questionnaire
Example : Do you use Colgate toothpaste? If not,
what brand do you use?
Better: Which brand of toothpaste do you use?

27. 5. Objectify the responses.
.
Guidelines in Constructing a Questionnaire
Example : Why do you use Camay soap?
____ It is fragrant.
____ It makes my skin smoother.
___ It is cheap.
___ It is available all the time.

28. 6. Relate all questions to the topic under study.
Guidelines in Constructing a Questionnaire
If the study is about teaching Science, all
questions should gather data that has something
to do with Science.

29. 7. Create categories or classes for approximate answers.
Guidelines in Constructing a Questionnaire
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
How efficient is your teacher? How many sticks of cigarettes do
you consume a day?
____ Very efficient
____ Efficient
____ Fairly Efficient
____ 0-4
____ 5-9
____ 10-14

30. 8. Create sufficient number of response categories.
Guidelines in Constructing a Questionnaire
Example : Do you agree that the presidential form of government is better
than parliamentary?
____ Agree _____ Disagree
Better: ___ Strongly Agree
___ Agree
___ Uncertain of No Comment
___ Disagree
___ Strongly Disagree

31. 9. State all questions affirmatively.
Guidelines in Constructing a Questionnaire
Example : Poor: Are you not studying?
Better: Are you studying?

32. 10. Word carefully or avoid questions that deal with
confidential or embarrassing information.
Guidelines in Constructing a Questionnaire
Poor question: Why did you become unfaithful?
Better: What in your own opinion, are those reasons
why wives sometimes fall in love with men other than
their own husbands?

33. 11. Add a catch-all word or phrase to options of multiple
response questions.
Guidelines in Constructing a Questionnaire
Example : Why did you stop your studies?
___ I am too poor. I cannot afford?
___ I married early.
___ I lost interest.
___ My family moved to a place too far from a school.
___ Others, please specify.

34. 12. Make the respondents
anonymous.
Guidelines in Constructing a Questionnaire

35. Guidelines in making the Cover Letter
•The purpose of the questionnaire or study;
• Who is sanctioning , endorsing, or sponsoring the
study;
•What will be done with the information gathered
by the questionnaire;
• The reason why the respondent should answer the
questionnaire and giving importance to the
respondent;

36. Guidelines in making the Cover Letter
• A guarantee of the anonymity and confidentiality of the
respondent.
• An expression of gratitude for the respondent’s participation in
the study; and
• An offer to inform the respondent of the results of the study if
he is interested.

37. Overall Questionnaire Construction
•It must be short to encourage the busy professionals to
return it.
•It must begin with a demographic or personal questions
that respondents can easily answer.
•It should also contain open-ended items to encourage
participants to elaborate on their experiences

38. Overall Questionnaire Construction
•It must also contain “white space” between the
questions
•It must also include closing instructions thanking
the respondent for participating in the study.

39. Data Analysis of Research Questionnaire
• Typically , researchers are using mailed questionnaires also
correlate all of the questions and attempt to build scales that
reflect multiple questions.
• The researcher tests hypotheses or research questions using
inferential statistics.

41. Designing and Conducting an Interview
Survey
1. Be prepared to answer FAQs
(frequently asked questions) concerning
the purpose of the survey , why the
respondents was selected, and what will
happen to the responses.
2. Ask general questions first, followed by
specific probes to clarify a particular
reply.

42. 3. Allow sufficient time for the individual to
respond.
4. Maintain good eye contact.
5. Keep the interview materials discreetly
shielded from respondent's view.
Designing and Conducting an Interview
Survey

43. 6. Write down the respondent's replies
verbatim even if the interview is being
recorded.
7. Do not talk rapidly or mumble, do not
provide personal opinions, and do not
answer or argue with the respondent.
Designing and Conducting an Interview
Survey

44. 8. A neat and well-groomed
appearance is appropriate. Do not
overdress for occasion; rapport is
easier to establish if your wardrobe is
similar to that of the participants.
Designing and Conducting an Interview
Survey

45. Designing and Conducting an Interview
Survey continuation…
•Training of Interviews
• If more than one interviewer is
involved in a research project, each
person needs training.
• The training might consist of a role-
playing demonstration by an
experienced researcher.

46. Designing and Conducting an Interview
Survey continuation…
•Training of Interviews
• It is important during this training to
become familiar with the questions .
• Training also covers potential interruptions
during an interview or questions interview
or questions interviewees might have
about the interview.

47. Problems arise during the interview
•Does not ask the question in order
•Brings certain expectations to the interview about how
the individuals will answer
•Dresses or appears inappropriately for the interview
•Is disrespectful by not using the interviewee wants to
be called

48. Steps in Interviewing
1.There must be a training individual
interviewers.
2.The researcher gains access to the participants
through a formal invitation such as cover letter,
and the time and place to conduct the interview.

49. Steps in Interviewing continuation…
3. During the interview , the survey researcher asks
questions, indicates the response options to
questions , and records participants answers.
4. The pace of the interview is set to be
comfortable for the interviewee.

50. Steps in Interviewing continuation…
5. When asking open-ended questions , the
interviewer writes down answers to the questions
or tape records them.
6. The interview ends with the researcher thanking
the individual for the interview and telling the
participant what the next step will be in the study.

51. 7.After the interview, the researcher may want to
write down comments that help explain the data,
such as the demeanor of the interviewee or
specifics about the situation
8. The interviewer might also record any personal
feelings about the interview
Steps in Interviewing continuation…

52. Steps in Interviewing continuation….
9. The interview ends with the researcher thanking the
individual for the interview and telling the participant
what the next step will be in the study.
10. After the interview, the researcher may want to
write down comments that help explain the data, such
as the demeanor of the interviewee or specifics about
the situation

53. 11. The interviewer might also record any
personal feelings about the interview
12. The interview ends with the researcher
thanking the individual for the interview and
telling the participant what the next step will
be in the study.
Steps in Interviewing continuation….

54. 13. After the interview, the researcher may want
to write down comments that help explain the
data, such as the demeanor of the interviewee or
specifics about the situation
14. The interviewer might also record any
personal feelings about the interview
Steps in Interviewing continuation….

56. 1. Decide if a survey is the best
design to use.
2. Identify the research question or
hypothesis
3. Identify the population, the
sampling frame, and the sample
Steps in Conducting Research Survey

57. 4. Determine the survey design and
data collection procedures
5. Develop or locate an instrument
6. Administer the instrument
Steps in Conducting Research Survey

58. 7. Analyze the data to address
the research questions or
hypothesis
8. Write the report
Steps in Conducting Research Survey

60. • Was the target population or sampling frame clearly
specified?
• Was the sampling procedure specified? If a random
sample was not used, were modifications from it
explained?
• Was the sample clearly identified and the basis on
which it was chosen specified?
Evaluating Survey Research continuation…..

61. • Did the type of survey match the questions or
hypotheses advanced by the author?
• Was it clear whether a questionnaire or an interview
survey comprised the form of data collection? Did
the researcher identify the basis for selecting or
developing the instrument?
Evaluating Survey Research continuation…..

63. • A political survey is conducted to find out what issues are
perceived to be most important to voters. The participants
are asked to indicate how important five issues are to
them. They rate the five issues on 7-point scales with endpoints
labeled "not at all important" and "very important."

64. • A company conducts a survey to find out
whether people would be interested in
buying a new product and
why. Participants are asked how interested
they would be in buying the product. They
make their judgments on a 10-point scale
with the endpoints labeled "very unlikely"
and "very likely." They also given a list of 20
possible reasons for buying the product, and
they are asked to indicate which of them
would be the reasons why they would buy
the product.

65. Prepared by:
Ms. Bernadeth L. Ouano
MALLI