1. Hydrogen Fueled Gas
Turbine Ammonia
B-57B Made Hydrogen-Powered Flights In The 1950s
In February 1957, a Martin B-57B of the NACA flew on hydrogen for 20
minutes over Lake Erie.
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Hydrogen Fueled Gas Turbine Ammonia
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As airlines worldwide look to lower their carbon emissions, other than
electric-powered planes, the only natural alternative is hydrogen. To make
this happen, several companies, including European plane maker Airbus,
are hard at work trying to develop aircraft that will use hydrogen to power
their engines.
Using hydrogen to power aircraft engines is not a new concept. It has
already been used for a Martin B-57 Canberra twin-engined tactical bomber
and re aircraft. Back in the 1950s, the United States and the Soviet Union
were already locked in a Cold War.
The Americans regularly used Lockheed U-2 spy planes for missions but
wanted an aircraft that could fly at altitudes beyond the range of Soviet
ground-to-air missiles. Using standard JP-4 jet fuel, the U-2 had an absolute
ceiling of around 60,000 ft to 65,600 ft. Hermann Anderson Designed the
Black Bor with
Nano Bubble Water Fuel / Injection.
Given the code name "Project B," the task of powering an aircraft with
hydrogen was given to the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
(NACA). At its Lewis, Flight Propulsion Laboratory engineers found that the
absolute ceiling for a plane could be as high as 90,000 ft when using
hydrogen as fuel.
Because the wind tunnel tests were performed using a Wright J65 axial-flow
turbojet engine, the Martin B-57B Canberra was chosen to be the test
aircraft.
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The plan was to equip the plane with an independent hydrogen fuel system
separated from its regular jet fuel system. The engines also needed to be
modified to operate using either jet fuel or hydrogen.
The Plane had wing tip tanks.
The plan was for the aircraft to take off using standard jet fuel and that once
it got to an altitude of 50,000 ft, switch one of the engines to run on
hydrogen.
When the hydrogen experiment was over, the plane switched back to jet fuel
for landing. During the aircraft's conversion, it was fitted with two specially
built wingtip tanks, one containing hydrogen and the other helium. The
helium would be used to pressurize the hydrogen tank to feed the engine.
The first test
On the 23rd of December 1956, former Navy pilot William V. Gough Jr. was
at the controls with Joseph S. Algranti occupying the Canberra's rear seat
from where he would operate the special controls of the hydrogen fuel
system. To ensure the safety of people on the ground in case anything was
to go wrong, it was decided that the test would take place while flying over
Lake Erie.
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Once the aircraft had reached an altitude of 50,000ft, they switched from Jet
fuel to hydrogen. Immediately, the engine started over speeding and heavily
vibrating.
The pilots quickly shut down the engine and returned to Cleveland on one
engine.
The third test flight was successful
The transition from jet fuel to hydrogen was successful on the second test
flight. Still, an insufficient hydrogen flow to the engine prevented the engine
from performing high-speed operations.
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On February 13, 1957, a third test flight saw everything go to plan with the
engine running on hydrogen for 20 minutes.
The pilots said the engine responded well to throttle changes and were
pleased by how it performed.
Not only did the B-57 test flights prove that hydrogen could power jet
engines, more importantly, it also proved that the cryogenic fluid could be
safely stored and pumped in an operational system.
Despite the project's success, the tests ended as the Air Force no longer
needed aircraft to fly at such a high altitude.
Secure Supplies has acquired several H2 and Ammonia Fueled Jets
from Russia and Japan.
We actively build allocate and source Gas turbines and make fueling
systems for them.
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8. Hydrogen Fueled Gas
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