Climates have changed constantly throughout history due to various natural factors such as variations in solar energy, astronomical relationships between the Earth and sun, ocean circulation changes, volcanic eruptions, and shifts in atmospheric composition. Scientists have found extensive evidence of past climate shifts in geological rock and fossil records, tree ring data, historical documents showing elephants in the Sahara and grape vines growing in northern England, and indicators like glacial advances and retreats. While climate is naturally variable, the current changes are accelerated by human emissions altering the carbon cycle.

1. Climate Change

2. Evidence of Climatic Change
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Climates have and are constantly changing
Scientist have various sources of evidence for
this

3. Rocks

4. Fossil Landscapes

6. Dendrochronology

7. Historical records
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Cave paintings of
elephants in central
Sahara
Grape vines growing
in UK AD1000
2m deep graves in
13th Century
th
Greenland, 1m 14
century
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Fairs held on frozen
river Thames in
Tudor times
Measurements in
advances and retreats
of glaciers and polar
sea-ice

8. Causes of Climatic Change
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Variations in solar energy
Astronomical relationships between the Earth
and the Sun
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Changes in oceanic circulation
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Meteorites
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Volcanic activity
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Plate tectonics
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Composition of the atmosphere

9. Carbon Cycle
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Animation
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Climate change video

10. Carbon Cycle
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Animation
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Climate change video