Concept,Integration and Fair Use of Open Education Resources-OER inCurriculum Development
1. CONCEPT, INTEGRATION AND FAIR USE OF
OPEN EDUCTION RESOURCES (OER) IN
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
Presented
By
Dr. OKIKI, Olatokunbo C, CLN,
University of Lagos Library
cokiki@unilag.edu.ng
2. Discuss the benefits of Open Educational Resources (OERs)
Explore the definition of Open in OER
How do I locate OER?
Introduce how OERs can be used to transform learning
How do I re-mix or integrate OER into curriculum
development?
How do avoid run foul of the law (Fair Use)?
Today, we will…
3. It should be noted that technological advancement
powered by internet has led to democratization of
knowledge, delivery and accessibility of educational
resources in respective of location.
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development (OECD) reflects that "although learning
resources are often considered as key intellectual
property in a competitive higher education world,
more and more institutions and individuals are
sharing digital learning resources over the Internet
openly and without cost, as open educational
resources (OER) (OECD 2007).
EMERGENCE OF OER
4. Cost
Access
Retention/Student Success
“Innovation thrives when the costs and obstacles to
experimenting are low.” David Wiley @opencontent
Why OERs?
5. The 5 R’s- David Wiley
Retain the right to make, own, and control copies of the
content (e.g., download, duplicate, store, and
manage)
Reuse the right to use the content in a wide range of
ways (e.g., in a class, in a study group, on a
website, in a video)
Revise the right to adapt, adjust, modify, or alter the
content itself (e.g., translate the content into
another language)
Remix the right to combine the original or revised
content with other open content to create
something new (e.g., incorporate the content into
a mashup)
Redistribute the right to share copies of the original content,
your revisions, or your remixes with others (e.g.,
give a copy of the content to a friend)
6. Practitioners and advocates of open
education believe:
Access to education resources
should be available to everyone,
anywhere and at anytime
Education is fundamentally about
sharing … hence the technology in
general and the World Wide Web in
particular provides an extraordinary
opportunity for everyone to share,
use, and reuse knowledge (Hewlett
Foundation)
Information and knowledge can now
be shared with anyone, anytime,
anywhere in the world
Practitioners and advocates work to
eliminate barriers that prevent
access
Concept of OER
7. What is/are OER?
Open Educational Resources (OERs) are
teaching, learning, and research resources
released under an open license that
permits their free use and repurposing by
others. OERs can be textbooks, full
courses, lesson plans, videos, tests,
software, or any other tool, material, or
technique that supports access to
knowledge.
8. OER is Powered and Sustained By
SOCIALLY - The Open Source Software Movement and the
Open Access Movement
TECHNICALLY – The Internet and Web 2.0 technologies
LEGALLY - The development of alternative licensing systems
such as Creative Commons
FINANCIALLY – The support of philanthropic foundations
and new business models
9. What Do OERs Entail?
• Open source software for development
and delivery of resources
Tools
• Open materials published for learning or
research:
Content
• Licensing tools
• Interoperability
Resources
10. TYPES OF OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
Open Courseware.
Learning Modules.
Open Textbooks.
Streaming Videos.
Open Access Journals.
Online Tutorials.
Digital Learning Objects
11. Who uses OER and Best Way of Finding OER Content
Who uses OER?
Students within institutions
External Students
Self Learners
Teachers/Professors/Academics
For curriculum development
What is the best way to find OER?
Use a specialized search engine
12. What is curriculum development?
Curriculum development is the multi-step process of
creating and improving a course taught at a school or
university.
Rapid changes in technology, and their impact on teaching
and learning environments, also mean that curricula need
ongoing updates and revisions, sometimes leading to
radical curricular reform.
13. Why Integrating OER into curriculum
In the context of SDG 4, curriculum adjustment and the
development of appropriate curricula is highly important at
the institutional level to provide the skills needed to achieve
sustainable development for all.
While mostly the issue of curriculum is left to experts to
decide the contents and methodology of teaching, learning,
and assessment, it is important to provide policy guidelines
to the experts for considering OER to address the needs and
aspirations of the society they serve.
Thus, many institutions are reviewing curricula to prioritize
skills development in youths and provide lifelong learning
opportunities for adults.
14. Roles of OER Curriculum Development
OER can help avoid the duplication of effort, including by
contextualizing existing resources from across the world.
OER increasing demand for quality education by:
Providing relevant resources to learners’ needs,
Provides employment skills and
Prepares learners for lifelong learning can be
addressed by an OER policy that considers issues
related to curriculum development
15. Building Blocks for Curriculum Development
Key building
blocks
What is the aim?
Objectives
What is to be
done?
Main activities
and target sectors
Who is involved?
Key partners for
implementation
How will success
be
monitored?
Indicators
Ensuring
integration
of OER at
the level of
curriculum
development
To encourage the
use
of OER as a
guiding
principle in
curricula
To make available
a wide range of
generic OER that
can
be adapted by any
institution
Guide experts to
rethink
curriculum in
terms of OER use
Create national
(domain-specific)
curricular
materials
as OER
Bodies involved in
curriculum
development
Should engage in
OER
discussions
Experts in
curriculum
development and
educationists
shaping
national-level
models of
curriculum
development
Normative:
All or most
curricula use
existing OER
Quantitative:
Number of
curricular
resources
available as
OER
16. Key Approach to Integrating OER
A key approach to integrating OER at the curricular level is to encourage
the use of OER as an overall guideline in curriculum development
Most repositories for OER are institutional repositories, created by
educational institutions and in many cases
An important precondition for the common use, adaptation and creation
of OER at national and institutional levels is that OER be stored in an
integrated repository or platform, where they are easily discoverable and
openly accessible.
Thus, there is a need to shift from a proprietary mind-set to a sharing
mind-set and adapt existing materials.
17. Integrating OER:
The Mix and Match Approach
Putting individual copyrighted chapters on e-reserve using
fair dealing
Remixing open access resources to focus only on what is
needed for your particular course
Providing links in your course shell to material on the web
Working with the library to clear copyright on on different
types of material
18. How do I find “Relevant” OER?
Librarians are your BEST FRIENDS!
A few main repositories
Colleagues – both in and out of discipline
Conferences – both discipline and OER
Listservs – oerconsortium.org; sparc-liboer@arl.org
Reviewed content
Create content to supplement
24. OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES: COPYRIGHT
Set of rights protecting “original works of authorship that
are fixed in a tangible form of expression.”
Title 17, U.S. Code
Creative Commons licensing is at the heart of the OER
movement. CC allows creators to specify more flexible forms
of copyright that allows "others to copy, distribute, and
make some uses of their work.“
Look for copyright information (often at the bottom of
webpages). Creative Commons licensed material sometimes
display clickable icons that indicate the specifics of
licensing.
25. Author’s Basic 5 Rights
Right to reproduce
Right to prepare derivative works
Right to distribute
Right to display publicly
Right to perform publicly
26. CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSING
See the Creative Commons website for more info and to
acquire license icons @ https://creativecommonsusa.org/
27. CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSES SYMBOLS & MEANING
CC BY Attribution: Permit distribution, remix, tweak, and build
upon your work, even commercially, as long as they acknowledge
you for the original creation.
CC BY-SA: Allow remix, tweak, and build upon your work even
for commercial purposes, as long as they credit you and license
their new creations under the identical terms.
CC BY-ND: Allows for redistribution, commercial and non-
commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in
whole, with credit to you;
CC BY-NC: Permit others to remix, tweak, and build on your
work non-commercially, and although their new works must also
acknowledge you and be non-commercial, they don’t have to
license their derivative works on the same terms; and
CC BY-NC-SA: lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your
work non-commercially, as long as they credit you and license
their new creations under the identical terms
28. Fair Use
The purpose and character of the use
The nature of the copyrighted work
The amount and substantiality of the portion used in
relation to the copyrighted work as a whole
The potential market effect on the copyrighted work
If your use OER fairly, you do not have to seek permission to
use copyrighted materials, and you do not have to pay a fee
or sign a license.
This is not a checklist. Only courts can legally decide fair
use.
29. Activity
How would using OERs impact your teaching?
What could you do differently?
How could OERs help you collaborate with your colleagues
in and across disciplines?
30. Summary
Open Educational Resources
Are tools, content, or resources that enable the open sharing of
learning;
Can be reused, retained, revised, remixed, and redistributed;
Are shared as fully accessible and in an open access format
31. Where to Find Peer Reviewed OER?
OER Commons (https://www.oercommons.org/ )
A dynamic digital center that contains up to 73,000 types of open
educational resources.
Open Text Book Store (http://www.opentextbookstore.com/ )
Useful for mathematics, simple, efficient, high quality and freely
available mathematical textbooks.
Lumen Learning (https://lumenlearning.com/ )
This website offers free use of electronic textbooks fully supported
by OERs.
MIT Open Courseware Online Textbooks
(https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/online-textbooks/ )
This site is the real one. It offers advanced level materials in the
field of construction, aeronautics, etc.
32. OTHERS….
Projects
Carnegie Mellon Open Learning Initiative {http://oli.cmu.edu/}
Curriki [ https://www.curriki.org/]
edX [ https://www.edx.org/]
Khan Academy [ https://www.khanacademy.org/ ]
MITx [ https://www.edx.org/school/mitx/ ]
OER Commons [ https://www.oercommons.org/ ]
Online Education Database [ https://oedb.org/open/ ]
Open Education Consortium [ https://www.oeconsortium.org/ ]
Open Education Consortium Search Engine [ https://www.oeconsortium.org/courses/
Open Yale Courses [ https://oyc.yale.edu/ ]
Standard Engineering Everywhere [ https://see.stanford.edu/ ]
Ted Talks [ https://www.ted.com/ ]
The Encyclopedia of Life [ https://eol.org/ ]
UK’s OpenLearn Project [ https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ ]
Utah State OpenCourseWare [ https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ocw/ ]
Wikieducator’s Learning4Content Project [ https://wikieducator.org/Learning4Content
]
33. OTHERS….
Digital Repositories:
Hippocampus [ http://www.hippocampus.org/ ]
Merlot [ https://www.merlot.org/merlot/index.htm ]
Unilag (https://ir.unilag.edu.ng/ )
Open Textbooks:
Bookboon [ http://bookboon.com/en ]
College Open Textbooks [
http://www.collegeopentextbooks.org/ ]
Community College Consortium for Open Educational
Resources [ http://oerconsortium.org/discipline-specific/ ]
Flat World Knowledge [
http://www1.flatworldknowledge.com/ ]
Textbook Revolution
http://textbookrevolution.org/index.php/Main_Page ]
34. OkikiOlatokunboChristopher
Ph.D. (Ibadan) MLIS (Ibadan), BA (Ibadan)
Certified Librarian of Nigeria (CLN)
Head, Automation Unit
University of Lagos Library
University of Lagos Akoka
Lagos, Nigeria
+2348026381337
cokiki69@gmail.com |
cokiki@unilag.edu.ng