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Virtual Techniques (VT) and Building
Information Modelling (BIM) for Building
Trade & Architecture
Chances, Drivers & Barriers
© Competence Centre for Virtual Reality and Cooperative Engineering w. V. – Virtual Dimension Center (VDC)
Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Kfm. Christoph Runde
Virtual Dimension Center (VDC) Fellbach
Auberlenstr. 13
70736 Fellbach
www.vdc-fellbach.de
Dipl.-Arch. Günter Wenzel
Fraunhofer IAO
Nobelstraße 12
70569 Stuttgart
Chances, Drivers & Barriers
Content
Overview
Surveys regarding virtual techniques for
building trade and architecture
Surveys regarding BIM
for building trade and architecturefor building trade and architecture
Image: Fraunhofer IAO
Designing
semantically
2
Virtual Techniques Today BÍM TodayVirtual Techniques Ideal BÍM Ideal
Definition: Virtual Techniques
Support development or planning processes
Using digital, three-dimensional models and
spatial interface techniques (VR/ AR/ MR)
The aim is to provide high-fidelity and
functional prototypes
Virtual Techniques Today
functional prototypes
Virtual Engineering: product development and
production processes
Construction: planning, realization,
communication, operation
3
Virtual Techniques Today BÍM TodayVirtual Techniques Ideal BÍM Ideal
Overview
Expert interview regarding virtual techniques
How do we want to use
VT in the building trade in
the future? Wishes, ideals,
examples
What encourages the use
Strcture of the answers
Technologies
Data availability
Processes & functioning
Virtual Techniques Today
4
What inhibits the use of VT
in construction?
What encourages the use
of VT in construction?
Processes & functioning
Costs, market, business
model
Qualification
Society
Law & Politics
Virtual Techniques Today BÍM TodayVirtual Techniques Ideal BÍM Ideal
Vision
Open standards - uniform interfaces
BIM is the documentation standard
Buildings are designed in real time in the holodeck
Computers are better and different than before - direct and dynamic simulations become possible
Simulation of the life cycle of a building
The atmosphere of a building can be simulated and visualized in advance
Construction site is digital
Robot production on the construction site
Virtual techniques: Technology as vision, driver, barrier
Virtual Techniques Today
Robot production on the construction site
Thinking in LOD
Multi-container from 3D models
Context-related provision of information
5
Driving forces
Faster hardware
Simulations possible -> sustainability
Stair tool -> app mindset in small steps
Programming and IT technology
Usability, intuitive, easy to handle
Production capabilities
Barriers
Data processes, data transfer, content conversion, loss of
data interfaces between software tools
Software does not match with processes
Usability, no standardized interaction
BIM is too little, more LODs are necessary in BIM
Software heterogeneity
Software manageability
Virtual Techniques Today BÍM TodayVirtual Techniques Ideal BÍM Ideal
Virtual techniques: Data availability as vision, driver, barrier
Vision
• Standards for LODs / LOD8
• Standards for quality of 3D data (e.g. direction surfaces, precision,
detailing,…)
Driving forces Barriers
Virtual Techniques Today
6
Driving forces
Requirements of the planner
Increasing complexity of
construction projects
Increasing demands on
quality of planning
Barriers
Low quality of the data base (city model)
Quality requirements on visual
implementation, too low LOD for 1: 1
experience
Availability of 3D data (e.g. underground),
also in terms of precision
No quality standards
Use cases for 3D data undefined
Virtual Techniques Today BÍM TodayVirtual Techniques Ideal BÍM Ideal
Virtual techniques: Processes & functioning as vision, driver, barrier
Vision
Process simulation for large projects is standard
Automation of construction (“architect becomes redundant")
Driving forces
Desire for
Barriers
Lack of change management in the design/ planning
Virtual Techniques Today
7
Desire for
participation
Politics: BIM
thought in large
public projects
Lack of change management in the design/ planning
process/ execution
Missing interfaces between BIM, BAM, BOOM
Performance profiles, phases predefined
“Islandization” (small planning units)
Lack of willingness to provide detailed insights (especially to
inexperienced citizens ...)
missing verifiability correct data? right statements?
quality seal of data/ presentation
Virtual Techniques Today BÍM TodayVirtual Techniques Ideal BÍM Ideal
Vision
For private clients, there are web-based interactive 3D house configurators
Interaction of the architect with the client also and especially in the planning (the architect
becomes the "consultant")
However, components should also be standardized and/ or flexible free-form buildings are
just as cheap as with standardized components
Virtual techniques: Costs/ market/ business model as vision, driver, barrier
Virtual Techniques Today
8
Driving forces
Create incentives ???
Cost pressure efficiency
building / planning
Transparency of processes
and costs
Implementation of building
processes in CAM
structures
Barriers
Costs
Business model building process Trade division in the
construction process
Value-added processes
Lack of strain (for changes)
Companies lacking critical mass, order fluctuations
Legal situation impede new business models
Low margins
Virtual Techniques Today BÍM TodayVirtual Techniques Ideal BÍM Ideal
Virtual techniques: Qualification as vision, driver, barrier
Vision
Consistently qualified employees in the construction value creation process
Study program BIM-Manager
Driving forces
Interdisciplinary
studies
Barriers
Cooperation between faculties (IT, architecture, civil engineering,
Virtual Techniques Today
9
Interdisciplinary
studies
Teenagers
Education
Internet
Computer games
New degree
programs (e.g.
geomatics)
Cooperation between faculties (IT, architecture, civil engineering,
interdisciplinary in general) or between different roles in the
project (builder, architect, construction company, ...)
lack of exchange, “islandization”, too little (lateral) thinking
Personnel structure
Qualification, study without 3D, CAD, VR
Lack of transfer competence (too tight education)
Lack of IT project management (which is necessary for meaningful
use of new IT tools)
Virtual Techniques Today BÍM TodayVirtual Techniques Ideal BÍM Ideal
Virtual techniques: Society/ history as vision, driver, barrier
Vision
VT are getting suitable for mass production (easy and intuitive to operate, inexpensive, miniaturization)
The population accepts the new technologies
Citizen participation is made even easier by VT
Driving forces
Media literacy
Generations are growing
Fun game 3D virtuality/ 3D
Barriers
Chicken-and-egg problem, demand-supply IT tools
Lack of financing for the start-up phase (of a comprehensive
SW deployment)
Virtual Techniques Today
10
Fun game 3D virtuality/ 3D
communities are common knowledge
Virtuality accepted as a habitat
More demanding architecture built
environment
Claims of the builders are rising
Mature users
Individuality in the building trade
Spinning realizing
SW deployment)
Lack of creative will in the industry, lack of strain (for changes)
Oligopoly market IT tools, limited number of companies
driving the market blockades
Education perception persistent building culture
Technology phobia of architects, trust (in IT)
HOAI speaks against continuous processes (trades, planning
phases)
Lack of personnel (in general)
Virtual Techniques Today BÍM TodayVirtual Techniques Ideal BÍM Ideal
Virtual techniques: Law/ politics as vision, driver, barrier
Vision
Legal framework supports, demands and promotes new technologies
Driving forces
Policy
Barriers
Rights to data unclear
Virtual Techniques Today
11
Policy
requirements
Rights to data unclear
Unclear liability issues in exchange, rights, use
IP issues, rights to data, rights to draft, copyright
Lobbies, e.g. chambers
Missing protection against replicating, sharing
( technology?)
Virtual Techniques Today BÍM TodayVirtual Techniques Ideal BÍM Ideal
Virtual techniques: Distribution of results
sŝƐŝŽŶ ƌŝǀĞƌƐ ĂƌƌŝĞƌƐ
Technologies
Society
Costs, market,
Virtual Techniques Today
12
Costs, market,
business model
Law  Politics
Qualifications Ͳ
Processes 
Functionings
Ͳ
Data availability Ͳ Ͳ
Virtual Techniques Today BÍM TodayVirtual Techniques Ideal BÍM Ideal
Virtual techniques: Estimates today´s status
Answers (marked
answers were
mentioned most
frequently)
Virtual Techniques Today
Areas of application
Quality assurance
Simulation actual state/
planning
Orientation
Analysis/ Visio
Building condition
Light simulation
Visualization perception
Drivers
Society (games, cinema)
iPad, iPhone
Good imagination
Overview/
communication
Cost-efficient hardware
(Oculus)
Cost-efficient CAVE
Barriers
Performance (CPU/ GPU)
On site?
Expensive
Specialization of existing
models difficult to
implement in VR trivial
model
Volume of data vs. real-
13
Visualization perception
of space
BIM/ 5D
Visualization
VR
Animations
Rendering
Building and production
planning (layout planning)
Visualization in real-time
HMDs / games
3D scanner
3D scan
Cost-efficient CAVE
Consistent process chain
System world builder/
client
Mobile VR/ AR/ MR
Realtime engines
Advantages when
coordinating trades
(implementation phase)
Builder
Vision of data consistency
(necessity, alternative?)
Volume of data vs. real-
time
Blockades at interfaces
bottleneck (e.g. CAD-
format libraries)
Inconsistent process
definitions within the
project structure
Uniform data formats
No real-time possible
Lack of information base
Volume of data
Tradition
Virtual Techniques Today BÍM TodayVirtual Techniques Ideal BÍM Ideal
Virtual techniques: Estimates ideal state
How should it
be ? - Answers
(marked
answers were
mentioned
most
frequently)
Virtual Techniques Ideal
Areas of application
Real time visualization
and data access
Implement materiality
and haptics
Multi-user VR
Individually tracked
avatars
Compatibility (SW
Drivers
Multi-user immersion
VR to Go
Holodeck
Barriers
14
frequently)
Compatibility (SW
developer, CAD, DB, AVA,
schedule)
VT + schedule as a
communication tool on
site
Photorealistic real time
visualization (actual/
target comparison with
AR)
Mobile use (no physical
plans on site)
Walkable rooms
Interactive
Virtual Techniques Today BÍM TodayVirtual Techniques Ideal BÍM Ideal
Building Information Modeling (BIM)
Formalized process/ method for creating a
holistic central data model
o Object: description of the product building
(geometry, material, costs, etc.)
o Process: description of the planning, realization,
operation, rebuilding/ conversion
BÍM Today
operation, rebuilding/ conversion
(responsibilities, dates, plans, quality,
construction process, site logistics, supply
chains, acceptance criteria, building
management, ...)
Idealized
o Uniform for each individual object and project
o Access for all stakeholders
15
Virtual Techniques Today BÍM TodayVirtual Techniques Ideal BÍM Ideal
Building
Information
Modeling:
Estimates today´s
status
Answers
BIM und Virtuelle Techniken im Bauwesen:
Chancen, Treiber  Hemmnisse
BÍM Today
Areas of application
(most important)
Shell construction
Steel construction
Visualizations
Quantity determination
Timber construction
Civil engineering
Operation
Drivers
(most important)
Complexity
Projects
Saving of time
Planning security
Costs
Builder
Data
Barriers
(most important)
Inventory recording
Interfaces
Data availability
Personnel
Builder
Different software
Lack of additional
16
Operation Data
Economic efficiency
Inventory recording
Tenders
Lack of additional
remuneration or
recognition of builder and
clients
Virtual Techniques Today BÍM TodayVirtual Techniques Ideal BÍM Ideal
Building
Information
Modeling:
Estimates ideal
state
How should it
be? – Answers
BIM und Virtuelle Techniken im Bauwesen:
Chancen, Treiber  Hemmnisse
BÍM ideal
Areas of application
Easy and intuitive model
Complete 3D model with
all relevant data
Easy, uniform merging of
specialized models/
improvement of 5D
software tools
More publication of
Drivers
Multidisciplinary building
database
Collaboration
1:1 simulation of the
construction process
Lossless, neutral
exchange format /
cooperation without
Barriers
Adaptation of the degree
programs
17
be? – Answers
Answers
(marked
answers were
mentioned most
frequently)
More publication of
successful BIM projects in
the media
Consistent flow of data,
central information
First planning, then
constructing (stress-
free)
Open BIM and Big BIM
Synchronisation with
external database
Real time planning virtual
incl. costs
cooperation without
competition
Simple, intuitive interface
for all users
dŚĂŶŬ LJŽƵ ǀĞƌLJ ŵƵĐŚ ĨŽƌ LJŽƵƌ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚ͊
zŽƵ ĂƌĞ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚŝƐ ƚŽƉŝĐ ĂŶĚ LJŽƵ ĂƌĞ ůŽŽŬŝŶŐ ĨŽƌ ĐŽŶƚĂĐƚ ƉĞƌƐŽŶƐͬ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶ
ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐ͍ WůĞĂƐĞ ĐŽŶƚĂĐƚ ƵƐ͘
© Competence Centre for Virtual Reality and Cooperative Engineering w. V. – Virtual Dimension Center (VDC)
tŽƌŬ ŐƌŽƵƉ ͣsŝƌƚƵĂů dĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ƚƌĂĚĞ͞ ;sͿ͗ ŝŶŬ
ŽŵƉĞƚĞŶĐĞ ĞŶƚĞƌ sŝƌƚƵĂů ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƐ ;ŚͲ/ KͿ͗ ŝŶŬ
Virtual Dimension Center (VDC) Fellbach
Auberlenstraße 13
70736 Fellbach
www.vdc-fellbach.de

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Virtual Techniques and Building Information Modeling for Building Trade & Architecture

  • 1. Virtual Techniques (VT) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) for Building Trade & Architecture Chances, Drivers & Barriers © Competence Centre for Virtual Reality and Cooperative Engineering w. V. – Virtual Dimension Center (VDC) Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Kfm. Christoph Runde Virtual Dimension Center (VDC) Fellbach Auberlenstr. 13 70736 Fellbach www.vdc-fellbach.de Dipl.-Arch. Günter Wenzel Fraunhofer IAO Nobelstraße 12 70569 Stuttgart Chances, Drivers & Barriers
  • 2. Content Overview Surveys regarding virtual techniques for building trade and architecture Surveys regarding BIM for building trade and architecturefor building trade and architecture Image: Fraunhofer IAO Designing semantically 2
  • 3. Virtual Techniques Today BÍM TodayVirtual Techniques Ideal BÍM Ideal Definition: Virtual Techniques Support development or planning processes Using digital, three-dimensional models and spatial interface techniques (VR/ AR/ MR) The aim is to provide high-fidelity and functional prototypes Virtual Techniques Today functional prototypes Virtual Engineering: product development and production processes Construction: planning, realization, communication, operation 3
  • 4. Virtual Techniques Today BÍM TodayVirtual Techniques Ideal BÍM Ideal Overview Expert interview regarding virtual techniques How do we want to use VT in the building trade in the future? Wishes, ideals, examples What encourages the use Strcture of the answers Technologies Data availability Processes & functioning Virtual Techniques Today 4 What inhibits the use of VT in construction? What encourages the use of VT in construction? Processes & functioning Costs, market, business model Qualification Society Law & Politics
  • 5. Virtual Techniques Today BÍM TodayVirtual Techniques Ideal BÍM Ideal Vision Open standards - uniform interfaces BIM is the documentation standard Buildings are designed in real time in the holodeck Computers are better and different than before - direct and dynamic simulations become possible Simulation of the life cycle of a building The atmosphere of a building can be simulated and visualized in advance Construction site is digital Robot production on the construction site Virtual techniques: Technology as vision, driver, barrier Virtual Techniques Today Robot production on the construction site Thinking in LOD Multi-container from 3D models Context-related provision of information 5 Driving forces Faster hardware Simulations possible -> sustainability Stair tool -> app mindset in small steps Programming and IT technology Usability, intuitive, easy to handle Production capabilities Barriers Data processes, data transfer, content conversion, loss of data interfaces between software tools Software does not match with processes Usability, no standardized interaction BIM is too little, more LODs are necessary in BIM Software heterogeneity Software manageability
  • 6. Virtual Techniques Today BÍM TodayVirtual Techniques Ideal BÍM Ideal Virtual techniques: Data availability as vision, driver, barrier Vision • Standards for LODs / LOD8 • Standards for quality of 3D data (e.g. direction surfaces, precision, detailing,…) Driving forces Barriers Virtual Techniques Today 6 Driving forces Requirements of the planner Increasing complexity of construction projects Increasing demands on quality of planning Barriers Low quality of the data base (city model) Quality requirements on visual implementation, too low LOD for 1: 1 experience Availability of 3D data (e.g. underground), also in terms of precision No quality standards Use cases for 3D data undefined
  • 7. Virtual Techniques Today BÍM TodayVirtual Techniques Ideal BÍM Ideal Virtual techniques: Processes & functioning as vision, driver, barrier Vision Process simulation for large projects is standard Automation of construction (“architect becomes redundant") Driving forces Desire for Barriers Lack of change management in the design/ planning Virtual Techniques Today 7 Desire for participation Politics: BIM thought in large public projects Lack of change management in the design/ planning process/ execution Missing interfaces between BIM, BAM, BOOM Performance profiles, phases predefined “Islandization” (small planning units) Lack of willingness to provide detailed insights (especially to inexperienced citizens ...) missing verifiability correct data? right statements? quality seal of data/ presentation
  • 8. Virtual Techniques Today BÍM TodayVirtual Techniques Ideal BÍM Ideal Vision For private clients, there are web-based interactive 3D house configurators Interaction of the architect with the client also and especially in the planning (the architect becomes the "consultant") However, components should also be standardized and/ or flexible free-form buildings are just as cheap as with standardized components Virtual techniques: Costs/ market/ business model as vision, driver, barrier Virtual Techniques Today 8 Driving forces Create incentives ??? Cost pressure efficiency building / planning Transparency of processes and costs Implementation of building processes in CAM structures Barriers Costs Business model building process Trade division in the construction process Value-added processes Lack of strain (for changes) Companies lacking critical mass, order fluctuations Legal situation impede new business models Low margins
  • 9. Virtual Techniques Today BÍM TodayVirtual Techniques Ideal BÍM Ideal Virtual techniques: Qualification as vision, driver, barrier Vision Consistently qualified employees in the construction value creation process Study program BIM-Manager Driving forces Interdisciplinary studies Barriers Cooperation between faculties (IT, architecture, civil engineering, Virtual Techniques Today 9 Interdisciplinary studies Teenagers Education Internet Computer games New degree programs (e.g. geomatics) Cooperation between faculties (IT, architecture, civil engineering, interdisciplinary in general) or between different roles in the project (builder, architect, construction company, ...) lack of exchange, “islandization”, too little (lateral) thinking Personnel structure Qualification, study without 3D, CAD, VR Lack of transfer competence (too tight education) Lack of IT project management (which is necessary for meaningful use of new IT tools)
  • 10. Virtual Techniques Today BÍM TodayVirtual Techniques Ideal BÍM Ideal Virtual techniques: Society/ history as vision, driver, barrier Vision VT are getting suitable for mass production (easy and intuitive to operate, inexpensive, miniaturization) The population accepts the new technologies Citizen participation is made even easier by VT Driving forces Media literacy Generations are growing Fun game 3D virtuality/ 3D Barriers Chicken-and-egg problem, demand-supply IT tools Lack of financing for the start-up phase (of a comprehensive SW deployment) Virtual Techniques Today 10 Fun game 3D virtuality/ 3D communities are common knowledge Virtuality accepted as a habitat More demanding architecture built environment Claims of the builders are rising Mature users Individuality in the building trade Spinning realizing SW deployment) Lack of creative will in the industry, lack of strain (for changes) Oligopoly market IT tools, limited number of companies driving the market blockades Education perception persistent building culture Technology phobia of architects, trust (in IT) HOAI speaks against continuous processes (trades, planning phases) Lack of personnel (in general)
  • 11. Virtual Techniques Today BÍM TodayVirtual Techniques Ideal BÍM Ideal Virtual techniques: Law/ politics as vision, driver, barrier Vision Legal framework supports, demands and promotes new technologies Driving forces Policy Barriers Rights to data unclear Virtual Techniques Today 11 Policy requirements Rights to data unclear Unclear liability issues in exchange, rights, use IP issues, rights to data, rights to draft, copyright Lobbies, e.g. chambers Missing protection against replicating, sharing ( technology?)
  • 12. Virtual Techniques Today BÍM TodayVirtual Techniques Ideal BÍM Ideal Virtual techniques: Distribution of results sŝƐŝŽŶ ƌŝǀĞƌƐ ĂƌƌŝĞƌƐ Technologies Society Costs, market, Virtual Techniques Today 12 Costs, market, business model Law Politics Qualifications Ͳ Processes Functionings Ͳ Data availability Ͳ Ͳ
  • 13. Virtual Techniques Today BÍM TodayVirtual Techniques Ideal BÍM Ideal Virtual techniques: Estimates today´s status Answers (marked answers were mentioned most frequently) Virtual Techniques Today Areas of application Quality assurance Simulation actual state/ planning Orientation Analysis/ Visio Building condition Light simulation Visualization perception Drivers Society (games, cinema) iPad, iPhone Good imagination Overview/ communication Cost-efficient hardware (Oculus) Cost-efficient CAVE Barriers Performance (CPU/ GPU) On site? Expensive Specialization of existing models difficult to implement in VR trivial model Volume of data vs. real- 13 Visualization perception of space BIM/ 5D Visualization VR Animations Rendering Building and production planning (layout planning) Visualization in real-time HMDs / games 3D scanner 3D scan Cost-efficient CAVE Consistent process chain System world builder/ client Mobile VR/ AR/ MR Realtime engines Advantages when coordinating trades (implementation phase) Builder Vision of data consistency (necessity, alternative?) Volume of data vs. real- time Blockades at interfaces bottleneck (e.g. CAD- format libraries) Inconsistent process definitions within the project structure Uniform data formats No real-time possible Lack of information base Volume of data Tradition
  • 14. Virtual Techniques Today BÍM TodayVirtual Techniques Ideal BÍM Ideal Virtual techniques: Estimates ideal state How should it be ? - Answers (marked answers were mentioned most frequently) Virtual Techniques Ideal Areas of application Real time visualization and data access Implement materiality and haptics Multi-user VR Individually tracked avatars Compatibility (SW Drivers Multi-user immersion VR to Go Holodeck Barriers 14 frequently) Compatibility (SW developer, CAD, DB, AVA, schedule) VT + schedule as a communication tool on site Photorealistic real time visualization (actual/ target comparison with AR) Mobile use (no physical plans on site) Walkable rooms Interactive
  • 15. Virtual Techniques Today BÍM TodayVirtual Techniques Ideal BÍM Ideal Building Information Modeling (BIM) Formalized process/ method for creating a holistic central data model o Object: description of the product building (geometry, material, costs, etc.) o Process: description of the planning, realization, operation, rebuilding/ conversion BÍM Today operation, rebuilding/ conversion (responsibilities, dates, plans, quality, construction process, site logistics, supply chains, acceptance criteria, building management, ...) Idealized o Uniform for each individual object and project o Access for all stakeholders 15
  • 16. Virtual Techniques Today BÍM TodayVirtual Techniques Ideal BÍM Ideal Building Information Modeling: Estimates today´s status Answers BIM und Virtuelle Techniken im Bauwesen: Chancen, Treiber Hemmnisse BÍM Today Areas of application (most important) Shell construction Steel construction Visualizations Quantity determination Timber construction Civil engineering Operation Drivers (most important) Complexity Projects Saving of time Planning security Costs Builder Data Barriers (most important) Inventory recording Interfaces Data availability Personnel Builder Different software Lack of additional 16 Operation Data Economic efficiency Inventory recording Tenders Lack of additional remuneration or recognition of builder and clients
  • 17. Virtual Techniques Today BÍM TodayVirtual Techniques Ideal BÍM Ideal Building Information Modeling: Estimates ideal state How should it be? – Answers BIM und Virtuelle Techniken im Bauwesen: Chancen, Treiber Hemmnisse BÍM ideal Areas of application Easy and intuitive model Complete 3D model with all relevant data Easy, uniform merging of specialized models/ improvement of 5D software tools More publication of Drivers Multidisciplinary building database Collaboration 1:1 simulation of the construction process Lossless, neutral exchange format / cooperation without Barriers Adaptation of the degree programs 17 be? – Answers Answers (marked answers were mentioned most frequently) More publication of successful BIM projects in the media Consistent flow of data, central information First planning, then constructing (stress- free) Open BIM and Big BIM Synchronisation with external database Real time planning virtual incl. costs cooperation without competition Simple, intuitive interface for all users
  • 18. dŚĂŶŬ LJŽƵ ǀĞƌLJ ŵƵĐŚ ĨŽƌ LJŽƵƌ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚ͊ zŽƵ ĂƌĞ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚŝƐ ƚŽƉŝĐ ĂŶĚ LJŽƵ ĂƌĞ ůŽŽŬŝŶŐ ĨŽƌ ĐŽŶƚĂĐƚ ƉĞƌƐŽŶƐͬ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐ͍ WůĞĂƐĞ ĐŽŶƚĂĐƚ ƵƐ͘ © Competence Centre for Virtual Reality and Cooperative Engineering w. V. – Virtual Dimension Center (VDC) tŽƌŬ ŐƌŽƵƉ ͣsŝƌƚƵĂů dĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ƚƌĂĚĞ͞ ;sͿ͗ ŝŶŬ ŽŵƉĞƚĞŶĐĞ ĞŶƚĞƌ sŝƌƚƵĂů ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƐ ;ŚͲ/ KͿ͗ ŝŶŬ Virtual Dimension Center (VDC) Fellbach Auberlenstraße 13 70736 Fellbach www.vdc-fellbach.de