Competitive Intelligence: An Island of Structure in an Unstructured Ocean
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2013 Canadian Knowledge Mobilization Forum Albert Simard Defence Research and Development Canada
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Competitive Intelligence: An Island of Structure in an Unstructured Ocean
- 1. Albert Simard Presented to Canadian Knowledge Mobilization Forum Mississauga, ON June 3-4, 2013 Competitive Intelligence: An Island of Structure in an Unstructured Ocean
- 2. Diversity of Perspectives What analysts proposed What managers funded What the data supported What users needed
- 3. Some Definitions Analysis: Using deductive reasoning to differentiate, study, and interpret data, information, or knowledge to deduce deeper or more precise meaning or understanding. Synthesis: Using inductive reasoning to integrate, study, and interpret the collective functioning of many parts as a whole to infer broader or higher-level meaning or understanding. Intelligence: Acquiring, extracting, and interpreting data, information, or knowledge to reveal underlying patterns about a situation or issue of interest to an organization. People tend to be good at either analysis or synthesis; few are good at both.
- 4. Analysis is a Diverse Human Activity Begins with a management decision to proceed. Collects content from people and organizations. Organizes content based on individual perspectives. Classifies issues based on human understanding. Selects analytical methods using expert knowledge. Interprets results through cognitive reasoning. Validates results through dialogue and collaboration. Authorizes implementation with another decision. Continues by monitoring, learning, and adapting.
- 5. Intelligence Framework Direction Collection Organization Analysis Implementation Larry Kahaner (1996) M. C. Escher (1957)
- 6. Decision & Planning Human elements Start Determine Objectives Decision Approve Decision direction need Plan Collaboration Negotiation planning apps Identify Need Expertise Collaboration Work Service Plan Collaboration Negotiation planning apps. Document Office apps. template Analysis Project Store Repository
- 7. Decision Making Work Service reject perspectives Collaboration modify? Review Schedule Submit Consider Record of Decision Action Collaboration approve End Store Decide Repository Recommend Revise Office apps. template Human elements
- 8. Spectrum of Evidence mathematics, logic, proof science, engineering, technology statistics, data, facts, measurement collaboration, validation, management expertise, experience, judgement opinion, perception, bias belief, emotion, values Quantitative (irrefutable) Qualitative (no evidence)
- 9. Decision Maker Diversity Accountable for actions Situational pressure Broader view than analysis Organizational infrastructure Depth of understanding Involvement in planning Confidence in results Risk tolerance Previous experience Belief system Emotions
- 10. Intelligence Framework Direction Collection Organization Analysis Implementation M. C. Escher (1957)
- 11. Supply and Demand Supply: What can I do with the available data? (Intelligence) Demand: What data do I need to solve a problem? (Regulation)
- 12. Environmental Monitoring* *Ad Hoc Cyberspace Media Published Literature Conferences Experience Individuals Ad hoc Communities of practice Practitioners Monitor search filter scan Research Office apps. template. Organization Document Store Repository Sharing, Expertise Web portal Corroborate Work Service Human elements
- 13. Knowledge Mobilization* IssueInternal sources Infrastructure Content Environment Resources Culture External sources Agreements, Con tent, Environmen t, Resources, Soci ety AcquireCompile internal Expertise Sharing Web portal Search engine external Expertise Sharing Web portal Search engine Organization Process Data mgt. Content mgt. Integrate systems analysis decision apps. Document Office apps. templates Interpret Social structure Collaboration Expertise Work Service *Directed Human elements
- 14. Content Sources Public Domain Government Documents Annual reports Analyst reports Public databases Speeches Broadcast media Print media Trade associations World-Wide Web Non-Public Domain Change of status Human intelligence Trade shows Ask employees Ask clients Observation Aerial survey
- 15. Autonomous Sources Diversity - mandate, jurisdiction, domain, function Openness - security, privacy, control, property Legal - accountability, responsibility, liability Certification - inclusion, authenticity, reliability Quality - completeness, timeliness, accuracy Infrastructure - standards, networks, systems For Supply, know the limitations; for Demand, specify in advance
- 16. Source Diversity Increased visibility, awareness, or influence Seen as active and competent player Feedback on user needs and applications Leverage the value of organizational resources Increase partnership and business opportunities Organizational business or mandate Influencing attitudes, opinions, or behavior Advocating a position, agenda, or policy Intervening in stakeholder or social activity Passive Active
- 17. Collecting Content Content Objects Data Information Knowledge Source Jurisdiction Organization Function Domain Process Physical Biological Environmental Social Economic Organizational Integration Collect Standardize Web portal Search engine Expertise Repositories Web portal Search engine Expertise Repositories Collect Standardize Content Mgt. Standards Content Mgt. Standards Human elements
- 18. Integrating Content Input Synthesize Analyze Interpret Store Repository synthesis apps. analysis apps. Social structures Expertise Collaboration Office apps. templates Document Work Service Analysis Human elements
- 19. Intelligence Framework Direction Collection Organization Analysis Implementation M. C. Escher (1957)
- 20. Organizing Diversity Library catalogues Subject indexes Taxonomies Folksonomies Automated methods Artificial intelligence Interdisciplinary issues Linguistic issues Authors and users often classify content differently
- 21. Storing Content Information technology and network infrastructure Systems for archiving and managing content Interfaces for entry, retrieval, & administration Database, data warehouse, distributed databases Information repository, information system Knowledge repository, knowledge map Physical libraries, digital libraries
- 22. Retrieving Content Access to content Browser interface Search engine Extraction tools Manipulation tools Assembly tools Retrieval system
- 23. System User Diversity Tools that are easy and intuitive use. System interfaces that can be customized. Systems that help people do their work. Content that is easy to find and access. Work processes that facilitate knowledge flow. Knowledge flow that is primarily horizontal. User diversity and flexibility are encouraged. System design plays a key roll in how people use systems. User-centric design can double the use of a system
- 24. Intelligence Framework Direction Collection Organization Analysis Implementation M. C. Escher (1957)
- 25. Problem Space Adapted from Kurtz and Snowden (2003)
- 26. Analysis Methods Computer model Decision analysis Deterministic model Dynamic model Dynamic programming Empirical model Gamming model Linear programming Logical model Mathematical model Mechanistic model Mental model Nonlinear programming Operations research Physical model Queuing model Scenario analysis Scientific model Simulation model Static model Statistical model Stochastic model An inappropriate method may yield an elegant solution to an irrelevant problem
- 27. Analyst Diversity Objective Criteria Problem space Type of problem Available techniques Subjective Criteria Awareness Diversity Skill Experience Expertise Mental model Belief Good analysts are born, not made
- 28. Analysis Principles • Resources are required: time, effort, expertise, funding, capacity, technology, data, knowledge • Complexity is inherent: analysis is non-linear, involves feedback, iterations, delays, and uncertainty • Modeling is known: techniques are well-understood; extensive literature for most disciplines • Management perspectives: understanding, trust, confidence, liabilities, risk, externalitie s • Implementation is uncertain: decision making, stakeholder interests, unknown outcomes Analysis combines science & computers; skill & technique, judgement & experience; insight & intuition.
- 30. Intelligence Framework Direction Collection Organization Analysis Implementation M. C. Escher (1957)
- 32. Competitive Intelligence is an Island of structure in an unstructured ocean • Managers • Sources • Librarians • System users • Analysts • Interaction albert.simard@drdc-rddc.gc.ca