The document discusses perfect modal verbs, which combine a modal verb like "should", "could", etc. with the auxiliary "have" and a past participle verb. It explains that the meaning depends on the modal verb used - "should" expresses regret about past actions, while "would", "could", "may", "might" speculate about the past. Examples are provided like "I should have studied more" expressing regret and "I would have been happy there" speculating about a past possibility.
This book has been written to help students prepare for the Key Word Transformation part of the Use of English paper (grammar) of the Cambridge English: C2 Proficiency.
It will give you a good understanding of the different grammatical structures commonly used in this part of the Use of English test, e.g. passive - active voice , impersonal passive, conditional sentences , inverted conditionals, inversions, set phrases, comparative-superlative, causative verbs, phrasal verbs, linking words, etc.
If you want to learn how to do Key word transformation exercises effectively, this book is for you.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Let’s remember something first…
Modal
Verbs
Should
Could
May
Might
Must
Perfect Tense
Auxiliary
HAVE
(haber)
Verb in Past
Participle
Study
(base form)
Studied
(in Past Participle)
3. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Let’s remember something first…
Modal
Verbs
Should
Could
May
Might
Must
Perfect Tense
Auxiliary
HAVE
(haber)
Verb in Past
Participle
Study
(base form)
Studied
(in Past Participle)
4. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Let’s remember something first…
Modal
Verbs
Should
Could
May
Might
Must
Perfect Tense
Auxiliary
HAVE
(haber)
Verb in Past
Participle
Study
(base form)
Studied
(in Past Participle)
I HAVE STUDIED FOR 3 YEARS.
5. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Let’s remember something first…
Modal
Verbs
Should
Could
May
Might
Must
Perfect Tense
Auxiliary
HAVE
(haber)
Verb in Past
Participle
Study
(base form)
Studied
(in Past Participle)
I HAVE STUDIED FOR 3 YEARS.
6. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Let’s remember something first…
Modal
Verbs
Should
Could
May
Might
Must
Perfect Tense
Auxiliary
HAVE
(haber)
Verb in Past
Participle
Study
(base form)
Studied
(in Past Participle)
I HAVE STUDIED FOR 3 YEARS.
Yo HE ESTUDIADO por 3 años
7. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Now, let’s see the same structure but
with the Modal Verb (should, could,
may, might, must)…
8. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals
Modal Verbs
Should
Could
May
Might
Must
Perfect Tense Auxiliary
HAVE
(haber)
Verb in Past Participle
Study
(base form)
Studied
(in Past Participle)
First, let’s concentrate on the grammar structure (the form)
9. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals
Modal Verbs
Should
Could
May
Might
Must
Perfect Tense Auxiliary
HAVE
(haber)
Verb in Past Participle
Study
(base form)
Studied
(in Past Participle)
Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011
First, let’s concentrate on the grammar structure (the form)
10. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals
Modal Verbs
Should
Could
May
Might
Must
Perfect Tense Auxiliary
HAVE
(haber)
Verb in Past Participle
Study
(base form)
Studied
(in Past Participle)
Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011
First, let’s concentrate on the grammar structure (the form)
Modal
Verbs
11. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals
Modal Verbs
Should
Could
May
Might
Must
Perfect Tense Auxiliary
HAVE
(haber)
Verb in Past Participle
Study
(base form)
Studied
(in Past Participle)
Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011
First, let’s concentrate on the grammar structure (the form)
Modal
Verbs
HAVE
(haber)
12. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals
Modal Verbs
Should
Could
May
Might
Must
Perfect Tense Auxiliary
HAVE
(haber)
Verb in Past Participle
Study
(base form)
Studied
(in Past Participle)
Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011
First, let’s concentrate on the grammar structure (the form)
Modal
Verbs
HAVE
(haber)
Verb in
Past
Participle
13. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals
Modal Verbs
Should
Could
May
Might
Must
Perfect Tense Auxiliary
HAVE
(haber)
Verb in Past Participle
Study
(base form)
Studied
(in Past Participle)
Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011
First, let’s concentrate on the grammar structure (the form)
Modal
Verbs
HAVE
(haber)
Verb in
Past
Participle
This sentence is
affirmative!
14. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals
Modal Verbs
Should
Could
May
Might
Must
Perfect Tense Auxiliary
HAVE
(haber)
Verb in Past Participle
Study
(base form)
Studied
(in Past Participle)
Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011
First, let’s concentrate on the grammar structure (the form)
Modal
Verbs
HAVE
(haber)
Verb in
Past
Participle
This sentence is
affirmative!
Shouldn’t = negative
Should Colombia have won…? = Interrogative
15. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals
Modal Verbs
Should
Could
May
Might
Must
Perfect Tense Auxiliary
HAVE
(haber)
Verb in Past Participle
Study
(base form)
Studied
(in Past Participle)
Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011
Now, let’s concentrate on the meaning
(debería) (haber) (ganado)
16. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals
Modal Verbs
Should
Could
May
Might
Must
Perfect Tense Auxiliary
HAVE
(haber)
Verb in Past Participle
Study
(base form)
Studied
(in Past Participle)
Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011
Now, let’s concentrate on the meaning
(debería) (haber) (ganado)
(but unfortunately, it didn’t)
17. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals
Modal Verbs
Should
Could
May
Might
Must
Perfect Tense Auxiliary
HAVE
(haber)
Verb in Past Participle
Study
(base form)
Studied
(in Past Participle)
Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011
Now, let’s concentrate on the meaning
(debería) (haber) (ganado)
We use should + have + verb in past participle to express regrets about past actions.
(but unfortunately, it didn’t)
18. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals
Modal Verbs
Should
Could
May
Might
Must
Perfect Tense Auxiliary
HAVE
(haber)
Verb in Past Participle
Study
(base form)
Studied
(in Past Participle)
Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011
Now, let’s concentrate on the meaning
(debería) (haber) (ganado)
We use should + have + verb in past participle to express regrets about past actions.
(Usamos should + have + verb in past participle para expresar “pesar” o “lamentar” acciones pasadas)
(but unfortunately, it didn’t)
19. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different…
(Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente)
20. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different…
(Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente)
If I use the modal
verb…
… it will mean…
SHOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
21. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different…
(Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente)
If I use the modal
verb…
… it will mean…
SHOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
Regrets about past actions
(Lamentarse o arrepentimiento por acciones
pasadas)
22. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different…
(Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente)
If I use the modal
verb…
… it will mean…
I failed the test!! I should have studied more...
…but unfortunately, I didn’t.
SHOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
Regrets about past actions
(Lamentarse o arrepentimiento por acciones
pasadas)
23. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different…
(Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente)
If I use the modal
verb…
… it will mean…
I failed the test!! I should have studied more...
(Perdí el test!! Debí haber estudiado mas)
…but unfortunately, I didn’t.
SHOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
Regrets about past actions
(Lamentarse o arrepentimiento por acciones
pasadas)
24. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different…
(Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente)
… it will mean…
Regrets about past actions
(Lamentarse o arrepentimiento por acciones
pasadas)
My car broke down!! I shouldn’t have bought it...
…but unfortunately, I did.
If I use the modal
verb…
SHOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
25. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different…
(Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente)
… it will mean…
Regrets about past actions
(Lamentarse o arrepentimiento por acciones
pasadas)
My car broke down!! I shouldn’t have bought it...
(Mi carró se varó!! No Debí haberlo compardo)
…but unfortunately, I did.
If I use the modal
verb…
SHOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
26. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different…
(Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente)
… it will mean…If I use the modal
verb…
WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
27. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different…
(Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente)
… it will mean…If I use the modal
verb…
Speculate about the past
(Especular sobre el pasado)
WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
28. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different…
(Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente)
… it will mean…If I use the modal
verb…
Speculate about the past
(Especular sobre el pasado)
WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
I should have bought that house. I would have been happy
there.
29. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different…
(Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente)
… it will mean…If I use the modal
verb…
Speculate about the past
(Especular sobre el pasado)
WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
I should have bought that house. I would have been happy
there.
(Debí haber comprado esa casa. hubiera sido feliz allí)
30. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different…
(Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente)
… it will mean…If I use the modal
verb…
Speculate about the past
(Especular sobre el pasado)
WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
I should have bought that house. I would have been happy
there.
(Debí haber comprado esa casa. hubiera sido feliz allí) I don’t know it for certain. It is a
speculation of what would have
happened.
(No lo se a ciencia cierta. Es una especulación
de lo que hubiera pasado)
31. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different…
(Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente)
… it will mean…If I use the modal
verb…
Speculate about the past
(Especular sobre el pasado)
WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
I should have bought that house. I would have been happy
there.
(Debí haber comprado esa casa. hubiera sido feliz allí)
NOTE!!!: Normally WOULD HAVE translates “HUBIERA” in Spanish.
I don’t know it for certain. It is a
speculation of what would have
happened.
(No lo se a ciencia cierta. Es una especulación
de lo que hubiera pasado)
32. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different…
(Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente)
… it will mean…If I use the modal
verb…
Speculate about the past
(Especular sobre el pasado)
WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
This computer is terrible!! I could have bought a different
computer.
33. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different…
(Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente)
… it will mean…If I use the modal
verb…
Speculate about the past
(Especular sobre el pasado)
WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
This computer is terrible!! I could have bought a different
computer.
I don’t know it for certain. It is a
speculation of what would have
happened.
(No lo se a ciencia cierta. Es una especulación
de lo que hubiera pasado)
34. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different…
(Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente)
… it will mean…If I use the modal
verb…
Speculate about the past
(Especular sobre el pasado)
WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
This computer is terrible!! I could have bought a different
computer.
(Este computador es terrible! Pude/podría haber comprado un computador
diferente)
I don’t know it for certain. It is a
speculation of what would have
happened.
(No lo se a ciencia cierta. Es una especulación
de lo que hubiera pasado)
35. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different…
(Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente)
… it will mean…If I use the modal
verb…
Speculate about the past
(Especular sobre el pasado)
WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
Our cousin Jake is sick. He may have eaten rotten food.
36. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different…
(Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente)
… it will mean…If I use the modal
verb…
Speculate about the past
(Especular sobre el pasado)
WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
Our cousin Jake is sick. He may have eaten rotten food.
I don’t know it for certain. It is a
speculation of what would have
happened.
(No lo se a ciencia cierta. Es una especulación
de lo que hubiera pasado)
37. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different…
(Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente)
… it will mean…If I use the modal
verb…
Speculate about the past
(Especular sobre el pasado)
WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
Our cousin Jake is sick. He may have eaten rotten food.
(Nuesetro primo Jake esta enfermo. Él pudo haber comido comida podrida)
I don’t know it for certain. It is a
speculation of what would have
happened.
(No lo se a ciencia cierta. Es una especulación
de lo que hubiera pasado)
38. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different…
(Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente)
… it will mean…If I use the modal
verb…
MUST + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
39. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different…
(Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente)
… it will mean…If I use the modal
verb…
Draw conclusions about the
past
(Sacar conclusiones sobre el pasado)
MUST + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
40. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different…
(Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente)
… it will mean…If I use the modal
verb…
Draw conclusions about the
past
(Sacar conclusiones sobre el pasado)
MUST + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
David has a nice car. It must have cost a lot of money.
41. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different…
(Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente)
… it will mean…If I use the modal
verb…
Draw conclusions about the
past
(Sacar conclusiones sobre el pasado)
MUST + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
David has a nice car. It must have cost a lot of money.
Probably. But, I don’t know for sure. It’s
a conclusion a draw.
(Probablemente. Pero no lo se. Es una
conclusión que saco)
42. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different…
(Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente)
… it will mean…If I use the modal
verb…
Draw conclusions about the
past
(Sacar conclusiones sobre el pasado)
MUST + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
David has a nice car. It must have cost a lot of money.
(David tiene un lindo carro. Debe haber costado mucho dinero)
Probably. But, I don’t know for sure. It’s
a conclusion a draw.
(Probablemente. Pero no lo se. Es una
conclusión que saco)
43. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different…
(Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente)
… it will mean…If I use the modal
verb…
Draw conclusions about the
past
(Sacar conclusiones sobre el pasado)
MUST + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
Carl failed the test. He must not have studied enough.
(Carl perdió el test. Él no debió haber estudiado suficiente)
Probably. But, I don’t know for sure. It’s
a conclusion a draw.
(Probablemente. Pero no lo se. Es una
conclusión que saco)
46. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Let’s summarize….
A Perfect Modal is a Modal
verb in perfect form
47. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Let’s summarize….
A Perfect Modal is a Modal
verb in perfect form
Modal Verbs are:
Should
Would
Could
May
Might
Must
48. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Let’s summarize….
A Perfect Modal is a Modal
verb in perfect form
Modal Verbs are:
Should
Would
Could
May
Might
Must
Perfect Tenses uses
“HAVE” + Verb in
Past Participle
49. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Let’s summarize….
A Perfect Modal is a Modal
verb in perfect form
Modal Verbs are:
Should
Would
Could
May
Might
Must
Perfect Tenses uses
“HAVE” + Verb in
Past Participle
Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle
50. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Let’s summarize….
A Perfect Modal is a Modal
verb in perfect form
Modal Verbs are:
Should
Would
Could
May
Might
Must
Perfect Tenses uses
“HAVE” + Verb in
Past Participle
Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle
Should
Would
Could
May
Might
Must
51. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Let’s summarize….
A Perfect Modal is a Modal
verb in perfect form
Modal Verbs are:
Should
Would
Could
May
Might
Must
Perfect Tenses uses
“HAVE” + Verb in
Past Participle
Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle
Should
Would
Could
May
Might
Must
“HAVE”
(Haber:
Yo he…
Tu has…
Él ha..
Etc…)
52. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Let’s summarize….
A Perfect Modal is a Modal
verb in perfect form
Modal Verbs are:
Should
Would
Could
May
Might
Must
Perfect Tenses uses
“HAVE” + Verb in
Past Participle
Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle
Should
Would
Could
May
Might
Must
“HAVE”
(Haber:
Yo he…
Tu has…
Él ha..
Etc…)
Verb Past Participle
Eat Eaten
Go Gone
Come Come
Write Written
Study Studied
53. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Let’s summarize….
A Perfect Modal is a Modal
verb in perfect form
Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle
54. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Let’s summarize….
A Perfect Modal is a Modal
verb in perfect form
Perfect Modals in
Affirmative
I should have gone to the movies
Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle
55. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Let’s summarize….
A Perfect Modal is a Modal
verb in perfect form
Perfect Modals in
Affirmative
Perfect Modals in
NegativeI should have gone to the movies
Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle
I shouldn’t have gone to the movies
56. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Let’s summarize….
A Perfect Modal is a Modal
verb in perfect form
Perfect Modals in
Affirmative
Perfect Modals in
Negative
Perfect Modals in
Interrogative
I should have gone to the movies
Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle
I shouldn’t have gone to the movies
Should I have gone to the movies?
57. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Let’s summarize….
A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect
form
Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle
58. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Let’s summarize….
A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect
form
Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle
Depending on the Perfect Modal we use
the meaning is different
(Dependiendo del Perfect Modal que usemos, el significado es distinto)
59. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Let’s summarize….
A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect
form
Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle
Depending on the Perfect Modal we use
the meaning is different
(Dependiendo del Perfect Modal que usemos, el significado es distinto)
If you want to express REGRETS ABOUT PAST
ACTIONS, use the Perfect Modal
SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
60. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Let’s summarize….
A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect
form
Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle
Depending on the Perfect Modal we use
the meaning is different
(Dependiendo del Perfect Modal que usemos, el significado es distinto)
If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modals
WOULD
COULD
MAY
MIGHT
HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
If you want to express REGRETS ABOUT PAST
ACTIONS, use the Perfect Modal
SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
61. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Let’s summarize….
A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect
form
Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle
Depending on the Perfect Modal we use
the meaning is different
(Dependiendo del Perfect Modal que usemos, el significado es distinto)
If you want to express REGRETS ABOUT PAST
ACTIONS, use the Perfect Modal
SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
If you want to DRAW CONCLUSIONS
ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modal
MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modals
WOULD
COULD
MAY
MIGHT
HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
62. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
If you want to express REGRETS ABOUT PAST
ACTIONS, use the Perfect Modal
SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
63. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
If you want to express REGRETS ABOUT PAST
ACTIONS, use the Perfect Modal
SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
64. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
If you want to express REGRETS ABOUT PAST
ACTIONS, use the Perfect Modal
SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
I have eaten burritos,
lechona and
tamales..
65. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
If you want to express REGRETS ABOUT PAST
ACTIONS, use the Perfect Modal
SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
I have eaten burritos,
lechona and
tamales..
…now, I have a
terrible
stomachache…
66. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
If you want to express REGRETS ABOUT PAST
ACTIONS, use the Perfect Modal
SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
I have eaten burritos,
lechona and
tamales..
…now, I have a
terrible
stomachache…
I shouldn’t have eaten
so much food!
67. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
If you want to express REGRETS ABOUT PAST
ACTIONS, use the Perfect Modal
SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
I have eaten burritos,
lechona and
tamales..
…now, I have a
terrible
stomachache…
I shouldn’t have eaten
so much food!
I regreat having eaten so much food! Bu unfortunately, I did.
(Me arrepiento haber comido tanta comida! Pero desafortunadamente,
lo hice.)
68. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the
Perfect Modals
WOULD – COULD – MAY – MIGHT
69. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the
Perfect Modals
WOULD – COULD – MAY – MIGHT
70. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the
Perfect Modals
WOULD – COULD – MAY – MIGHT
My job is so boring,
and I don’t make
much money…
71. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the
Perfect Modals
WOULD – COULD – MAY – MIGHT
My job is so boring,
and I don’t make
much money…
…I should have
studied medicine…
72. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the
Perfect Modals
WOULD – COULD – MAY – MIGHT
My job is so boring,
and I don’t make
much money…
…I should have
studied medicine…
I regreat not having studied medicine! But unfortunately, I didn’t.
(Me arrepiento haber estudiado medicina Pero desafortunadamente, no lo hice.)
73. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the
Perfect Modals
WOULD – COULD – MAY – MIGHT
My job is so boring,
and I don’t make
much money…
…I should have
studied medicine…
… I would/could/may/might
have been so happy and rich!
I regreat not having studied medicine! But unfortunately, I didn’t.
(Me arrepiento haber estudiado medicina Pero desafortunadamente, no lo hice.)
74. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the
Perfect Modals
WOULD – COULD – MAY – MIGHT
My job is so boring,
and I don’t make
much money…
…I should have
studied medicine…
… I would/could/may/might
have been so happy and rich!
I regreat not having studied medicine! But unfortunately, I didn’t.
(Me arrepiento haber estudiado medicina Pero desafortunadamente, no lo hice.)
I think (speculate) that if I had studied medicine, I would have been rich and happy
(Creo (especulo) que si yo hubiera estudiado medicina, hubiera sido rico y feliz)
75. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
If you want to DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE
PAST, use the Perfect Modal
MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
76. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
If you want to DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE
PAST, use the Perfect Modal
MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
77. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
If you want to DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE
PAST, use the Perfect Modal
MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
Why is Mark sleeping
here? It’s working
time!
78. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
If you want to DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE
PAST, use the Perfect Modal
MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
Why is Mark sleeping
here? It’s working
time!
He mustn’t have had
enough time to sleep
79. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
If you want to DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE
PAST, use the Perfect Modal
MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
Why is Mark sleeping
here? It’s working
time!
He mustn’t have had
enough time to sleep
He must have gone
party last night!.
80. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
If you want to DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE
PAST, use the Perfect Modal
MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
Why is Mark sleeping
here? It’s working
time!
He mustn’t have had
enough time to sleep
He must have gone
party last night!.The fact
(El hecho)
81. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
If you want to DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE
PAST, use the Perfect Modal
MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
Why is Mark sleeping
here? It’s working
time!
He mustn’t have had
enough time to sleep
He must have gone
party last night!.The fact
(El hecho)
82. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
If you want to DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE
PAST, use the Perfect Modal
MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
Why is Mark sleeping
here? It’s working
time!
He mustn’t have had
enough time to sleep
He must have gone
party last night!.The fact
(El hecho)
These are the conclusions drawn from the fact
(Estas son las conclusiones sacadas del hecho)