This course will cover contents about the academical and the daily culture of Spain and the Basque Country. It's a course designed to help the foreigner postgraduate students of the University of Deusto to integrate in the daily life of Bilbao and San Sebastian.

1. Introduction to Spanish & Basque
Culture. Unit 3
Guillermo Gómez
ggomez@deusto.es
http://profesorenapuros.es/culture
This presentation is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution

2. What will we talk about?
From dictatorship
to democracy
Are we so informal
as we seem to be?

3. Where do we come from?
➔ 6 Constitutions
➔ Division of Spain into
progressives & traditionalists
➔ 1 republic
➔ 1 change of royal house
➔ Restoration: bipartidism
Turbulent 19th century

4. Where do we come from?
➔ 3 governments: center-left, far
right, far left.
➔ Important reforms: regional,
religious, militar, agricultural &
social.
➔ Division & radicalization of
society.
Video
2nd Republic (1931-1936): reforms & radicalization

5. Where do we come from?
➔ The Coup d’etat that
transforms in a Civil War.
➔ Revolution and counter-revolution
➔ International allies: Germany,
Italy & Soviet Union.
Video
Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)

6. Video
War evolution

7. The Dictatorship: Franquism (1939-1977)
Nationalcatholicism: Church, Army & Single Party
Video

8. The Dictatorship: Franquism (1939-1977)
➔ Antiliberalism, anticapitalism.
➔ Anticomunism
➔ Spanish patriot: centralist
➔ Extreme catholic
➔ Traditionalist Vs Republican
progresist reforms
➔ Antiparliamentarism
Main points of its ideology

9. The Dictatorship: Franquism (1939-1977)
➔ Autarchy
➔ Isolation
➔ Hunger
➔ Opposition
➔ Repression
The 40’s: the post-war period.

10. The Dictatorship: Franquism (1939-1977)
➔ Cold War:
The American friend
➔ Nationalcatholicism
Video
The 50’s: End of isolation

11. The Dictatorship: Franquism (1939-1977)
➔ Technocrats arrive to the
government.
➔ Baby boom.
➔ Women enter the labour market
& the university.
➔ International tourism arrives to
Spain.
➔ The economic miracle lasts till
middle 70’s (oil crisis).
The 60’s: the economic miracle

12. The Dictatorship: Franquism (1939-1977)
➔ Active opposition: inside Spain
The 70’s: the end of the dictatorship
and in exile.
➔ Increasing social unrest.
➔ Active terrorist groups: ETA,
GRAPO, FRAP, AAA, BVE…
➔ “Proceso de Burgos”:
International opposition.
➔ Carrero Blanco’s assassination
➔ Juan Carlos: successor.
Video

13. The Spanish Transition to Democracy
➔ Government with Franco alive.
➔ He announces Franco’s death.
➔ Government with the king as head of
Video
the state.
➔ Resigns on July 1st, 1976.
Arias Navarro’s government (1974-1976)

14. The Spanish Transition to Democracy
➔ Transition from inside the regime.
➔ Transition based in agreement.
➔ “Peaceful” transition?
➔ Amnesty law = law to forget the past?
1973 (Carrero Blanco) - 1982 (PSOE)
1975 (Franco) - 1978 (Constitution)
Video
“Exemplary” transition to democracy?

15. The Spanish Transition to Democracy
➔ July 22nd, 1969: Prince of Spain
➔ November 22nd, 1975: proclamation.
Swears the “Principios del Movimiento
Nacional”
➔ Promotes the Law for Political Reform
(1976)
Video
The proclamation of Juan Carlos I

16. The Spanish Transition to Democracy
➔ Three governments:
◆ 1976-1977
◆ 1977-1979
◆ 1979-1981
➔ Law for Political Reform, Spain of
Autonomies, Communist Party legalization
Adolfo Suárez (1976-1981): UCD

17. The Spanish Constitution (1978)
➔ Referendum: December 6th, 1978.
(87% agree)
➔ Into effect: December 29th, 1978.

18. The Spanish Transition to Democracy
Video 1
Video 2
Video 3
➔ “Operación Galaxia”.
➔ Teniente Coronel Antonio Tejero:
occupies the Parliament.
➔ General Captain Milans del Bosch
occupies Valencia.
➔ The King appears in TV: February
24th, 1:14 a.m.
➔ February 24th, 12 a.m: Tejero leaves
the Parliament.
23-F: a coup d’état in the Parliament

19. The Spanish Transition to Democracy
➔ Divorce Law.
➔ NATo.
➔ Changes Spanish flag.
➔ Stops coup d’état
attempt. (1982)
Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo’s government (1981-1982): UCD

20. The opposition to Franco governs
Video
1982-1986: absolute majority.
1986-1989: absolute majority.
1989-1993: simple majority.
1993-1996: simple majority.
➔ Social opposition against NATO
(referendum, 1986)
➔ Industrial modernization: social conflicts.
➔ EEC (1986).
➔ GAL (state terrorism) & political
corruption.
Felipe González (1982-1996): PSOE

21. The center-right again in the government
1996-2000: simple majority.
2000-2004: absolute majority.
➔ Labour reform (1997)
➔ Land law (1998)
➔ Economic “miracle” based in real state
market.
➔ EURO (1999, 2002)
➔ Social opposition against War in Iraq.
➔ March 11th, 2004: Madrid’s bombs.
José María Aznar (1996-2004): PP

22. The start of the economic crisis
Video
➔ Civilizations Alliance (2004)
➔ Referendum for European Constitution (2005)
➔ Gay marriage & adoption (2005)
➔ LOE (2006)
➔ Peace process with ETA (2006)
➔ Dependent Care Law (2006)
➔ Real state bubble explodes (2007)
➔ Unemployement increases (21,52%, 2011)
➔ Financial crisis (2009)
➔ Labour reform (2010)
2004-2008: simple majority.
2008-2011: simple majority.
José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (2004-2011): PSOE

23. The society takes public squares
15-M: “los indignados” (May 15th, 2011)

24. 2011-...: absolute majority.
➔ Reduction of public deficit.
➔ The risk premium arrives historical maximums:
642 points. (2012)
➔ Unemployment: 5 965 400 (26%, 2012).
➔ Political corruption cases: Gürtel, Púnica, EREs,
Mariano Rajoy (2011-...): PP
Pujol…
➔ Conflict with Catalunya.
➔ GDP starts growing (0,1%-0,3%, 2013)

25. Juan Carlos I abdicates
➔ June 19th, 2014: Juan Carlos I
Video
abdicates and Felipe VI is
proclaimed King of Spain.
The proclamation of Felipe VI

26. Are we so informal as we seem
to be?

27. Photographies’ source
All the photos in this
presentation are licensed
under Creative Commons
terms of use.
➔ Franco
➔ Business men
➔ 1869 government
➔ Republican flag
➔ Gernika
➔ Spanish Civil War: map
➔ Franquist flag
➔ Falange
➔ Franco
➔ Franco
➔ Eisenhower
➔ Franco’s death
➔ Referendum Reforma Política
➔ Prince of Spain
➔ Arias Navarro
➔ Adolfo Suárez
➔ Constitution
➔ 23F
➔ Calvo Sotelo
➔ Felipe González
➔ José María Aznar
➔ José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
➔ 15-M
➔ Mariano Rajoy
➔ Felipe VI
➔ Creative Commons