2. • The tradition and style in the design of Persian
gardens, known as Iranian gardens in Iran
(Persian), has influenced the design
of gardens from Andalusia to India and
beyond.
• All Persian gardens, from the ancient to the
high classical were developed in opposition to
the cruel and arid landscape of the Iranian
Plateau.
3. • The Taj Mahal is one of the largest Persian
Garden interpretations in the world, from the
era of the Mughal Empire in India.
• The garden's purpose was to provide a place
for protected relaxation in a variety of
manners: spiritual, and leisurely (such as
meetings with friends), essentially a paradise
on earth.
4. • The Common Iranian word for "enclosed space"
was *pari-daiza- (Avestan pairi-daēza-), a term
that was adopted by Christianity to describe
the garden of Eden or Paradise on earth.
• The garden's construction may be formal (with an
emphasis on structure) or casual (with an
emphasis on nature), following several simple
design rules.
• This allows a maximization, in terms of function
and emotion, of what may be done in the garden.
5.
6. Elements of the Persian garden
• Sunlight and its effects were an important factor
of structural design in Persian gardens.
• Textures and shapes were specifically chosen by
architects to harness the light.
• Iran's dry heat makes shade important in
gardens, which would be nearly unusable without
it.
• Trees and fencing largely feature as biotic
shade; pavilions and walls are also structurally
prominent in blocking the sun.
7. Naghsh-i Jahan square, the charbagh Royal Square (Maidan)
in Isfahan, constructed between 1598 and 1629
8. • The heat also makes water important, both in
the design and maintenance of the garden.
• Irrigation may be required, and may be
provided via a form of underground tunnel
called a qanat, that transports water from a
local aquifer.
• Well-like structures then connect to the qanat,
enabling the drawing of water.
9. • The Persian style often attempts to integrate
indoors with outdoors through the connection
of a surrounding garden with an inner
courtyard.
• The garden in the Golestan Palace of Tehran.
11. • Mughal gardens are a group of gardens built by
the Mughals in the Persian style of architecture.
• This style was heavily influenced by the Persian
gardens particularly the Charbagh structure.
• Significant use of rectilinear layouts are made
within the walled enclosures.
• Some of the typical features
include pools, fountains and canals inside the
gardens.
12. • Mughal garden layouts in general were
geometrical having divisions and sub-
divisions.
• Chahar Bagh or fourfold plan of Persian
tradition served as the bases for
Mughal garden layouts in the subcontinent.
13. • Cypress and flowering fruit trees were
generally planted along the main axis of the
gardens.
• In order to understand Mughal plantation
their underlying symbolism must be
understood first.
• For the Mughals, cypress represented
eternity being an evergreen.
14. • Cypress was also a very popular symbol in
Persia where conventionally it was a symbol of
female beauty.
• The Persians also added a heavenly dimension
to it.
• Flowering fruit trees such as lemon, oranges,
plums, white kachnars and almonds
represented renewal, a symbol of youth and
life, portraying a cycle of life in the garden.
16. Design and symbolism
• The numbers eight and nine were considered
auspicious by the Mughals and can be found
in the number of terraces or in garden
architecture such as octagonal pools.
