6. Fig. 1.7a, p. 10 COMMON NAME DOMAIN Eukarya KINGDOM Plantae Magnoliophyta CLASS Magnoliopsida ORDER Apiales FAMILY Apiaceae Daucus SPECIES carota carrot PHYLUM GENUS
7. Fig. 1.7b, p. 10 COMMON NAME DOMAIN Eukarya PHYLUM Magnoliophyta CLASS ORDER Rosales Magnoliopsida FAMILY Cannabaceae GENUS Cannabis SPECIES sativa marijuana KINGDOM Plantae
8. Fig. 1.7c, p. 10 COMMON NAME DOMAIN PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES KINGDOM Eukarya Magnoliophyta Rosales Magnoliopsida Rosaceae Malus domesticus apple Plantae
9. Fig. 1.7d, p. 10 COMMON NAME DOMAIN PHYLUM CLASS FAMILY GENUS SPECIES KINGDOM ORDER Eukarya Plantae Magnoliophyta Rosales Magnoliopsida Rosaceae Rosa acicularis arctic rose
10. Fig. 1.7e, p. 10 COMMON NAME DOMAIN PHYLUM CLASS FAMILY GENUS SPECIES KINGDOM ORDER dog rose canina Rosa Eukarya Plantae Magnoliophyta Rosales Magnoliopsida Rosaceae
12. Fig. 1.8a, p. 11 Eukarya A three-domain system sorts all life into three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. The Eukarya domain includes all eukaryotes. Bacteria Archaea
13. Fig. 1.8b, p. 11 A six-kingdom classification system in which all eukaryotes have been sorted into one of four kindgoms: protists, plants, fungi, and animals. The protist kingdom includes the most ancient multi-celled and all single-celled eukaryotes. Animals Bacteria Archaea Protists Plants Fungi
33. Fig. 1.11, p. 14 Stepped Art Potato Chips and Stomachaches A Hypothesis Olestra® causes intestinal cramps. Prediction B People who eat potato chips made with Olestra will be more likely to get intestinal cramps than those who eat potato chips made without Olestra. Experiment C Eats regular potato chips Control Group Eats Olestra potato chips Experimental Group Conclusion E Percentages are about equal. People who eat potato chips made with Olestra are just as likely to get intestinal cramps as those who eat potato chips made without Olestra. These results do not support the hypothesis. Results D 93 of 529 people get cramps later (17.6%) 89 of 563 people get cramps later (15.8%)
Figure 1.7 Linnaean classification of five species that are related at different levels. Each species has been assigned to ever more inclusive groups, or taxa: in this case, from genus to domain
Figure 1.7 Linnaean classification of five species that are related at different levels. Each species has been assigned to ever more inclusive groups, or taxa: in this case, from genus to domain
Figure 1.7 Linnaean classification of five species that are related at different levels. Each species has been assigned to ever more inclusive groups, or taxa: in this case, from genus to domain
Figure 1.7 Linnaean classification of five species that are related at different levels. Each species has been assigned to ever more inclusive groups, or taxa: in this case, from genus to domain
Figure 1.7 Linnaean classification of five species that are related at different levels. Each species has been assigned to ever more inclusive groups, or taxa: in this case, from genus to domain
Figure 1.8 Two ways to see the big picture of life. Lines in such diagrams indicate evolutionary connections. Compare Figure 1.6.
Figure 1.8 Two ways to see the big picture of life. Lines in such diagrams indicate evolutionary connections. Compare Figure 1.6.
Figure 1.9 Four butterflies, two species: Which are which? Two forms of the species Heliconius melpomene are on the top row; two of H. erato are on the bottom row. These two species never cross-breed. Their alternate but similar patterns of coloration evolved as a shared warning signal to local birds that these butterflies taste terrible.
Figure 1.10 Scientists doing research. From left to right , surveying wildlife in New Guinea; sequencing the human genome; looking for fungi in atmospheric dust collected in Cape Verde; improving the efficiency of biofuel production from agricultural wastes; studying the benefits of weedy buffer zones on farms.
Figure 1.11 The steps in a scientific experiment to determine if Olestra causes cramps. A report of this study was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in January 1998.
Figure 1.12 Peacock butterfly defenses against predatory birds. A With wings folded, a resting peacock butterfly looks a bit like a dead leaf. B When a bird approaches, the butterfly repeatedly flicks its wings open and closed, a behavior that exposes brilliant spots and produces hissing and clicking sounds. Researchers tested whether the butterfly’s behavior deters blue tits C . They painted over the spots of some butterflies, cut the sound-making part of the wings on other butterflies, and did both to a third group; then the biologists exposed each butterfly to a hungry bird. The results, listed in Table 1.3, support the hypotheses that peacock butterfly spots and sounds can deter predatory birds.
Figure 1.12 Peacock butterfly defenses against predatory birds. A With wings folded, a resting peacock butterfly looks a bit like a dead leaf. B When a bird approaches, the butterfly repeatedly flicks its wings open and closed, a behavior that exposes brilliant spots and produces hissing and clicking sounds. Researchers tested whether the butterfly’s behavior deters blue tits C . They painted over the spots of some butterflies, cut the sound-making part of the wings on other butterflies, and did both to a third group; then the biologists exposed each butterfly to a hungry bird. The results, listed in Table 1.3, support the hypotheses that peacock butterfly spots and sounds can deter predatory birds.
Figure 1.12 Peacock butterfly defenses against predatory birds. A With wings folded, a resting peacock butterfly looks a bit like a dead leaf. B When a bird approaches, the butterfly repeatedly flicks its wings open and closed, a behavior that exposes brilliant spots and produces hissing and clicking sounds. Researchers tested whether the butterfly’s behavior deters blue tits C . They painted over the spots of some butterflies, cut the sound-making part of the wings on other butterflies, and did both to a third group; then the biologists exposed each butterfly to a hungry bird. The results, listed in Table 1.3, support the hypotheses that peacock butterfly spots and sounds can deter predatory birds.
Figure 1.14 Example of error bars in a graph. This particular graph was adapted from the peacock butterfly research described in Section 1.7. The researchers recorded the number of times each butterfly flicked its wings in response to an attack by a bird. The squares represent average frequency of wing flicking for each sample set of butterflies. The error bars that extend above and below the squares indicate the range of values—the sampling error.