1. India’s Future and energy
The challenge of meeting the expanding energy
needs of high growth economy in an
environmentally responsible manner
Shankar Krishnamoorthy
30 September 2018
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Confidential Limited Free Internal

2. •History of the Power Industry – huge growth that which
continues
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3. •IEA projection on Renewables Share in Generation Capacity in India
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Courtesy: IEA

4. •A big shift in the power generation and consumer mix
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Generation:
● Significant shift to renewables starting
2007
● By 2030 Renewables with a heavy
weighting of Solar PV could be
providing 50% of the power supply
Consumer mix:
● 1947: big consumers were Industries
● 1960s: Still industries with big PSUs
● 1970s onwards: Green revolution and
agriculture picks up
● 1990s till date: Domestic consumption
starts rising with more connections and
rising incomes
● Future: Traction/mobility, domestic and
industrial consumption expected to be
rise faster

5. Concentrating Solar (CSP) Thermal PowerSolar Photovoltaic (PV)
Electricity
generation via direct
conversion of
sunlight to electricity
by photovoltaic cells
(Conduction of
electrons in
semiconductors)
Fuels from Solar Energy
Solar Fuel processes are being designed to
transform the radiative energy of the sun into chemical
energy carriers such as hydrogen or synthetic
hydrocarbons fuels (e.g., electrolysis, thermolysis,
photolysis)
Solar Heat
Electricity is generated
by the optical
concentration of solar
energy, producing
high-temperature fluids or
materials to drive
heat engines and
electrical generators
Solar panels made
up of evacuated tubes or
flat-plate collectors heat
up water stored in a
tank. The energy is used
for hot-water supply and,
occasionally,
space heating
Solar Technology Spectrum

6. •Solar PV: Direct conversion of Solar Energy to Electricity
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Solar Module DC/AC Converter Grid
Photovoltaic (PV) modules produce Direct Current (DC) electricity from sunshine directly without
noise or emissions.
Global Solar Radiation map – India blessed Courtesy: Ron Curtis and Mr Solar.com

7. Solar PV Application examples in photos
1996: Honda, 140 km/h
Roof Top Installation Utility Scale Installation 2012: world tour on a catamaran
2015: Satellite Power 2016: Solar Impulse, world tour flight

8. Solar CSP in photos
Parabolic Trough CSP Solar Tower CSP
Courtesy: Sener

9. •Wind Energy – Capturing the wind
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● A wind turbine is a machine that converts kinetic
energy from wind into mechanical energy and in turn
electricity.
● Power production directly depends on wind speed,
swept area and air density.
● Wind Turbines can be:
— Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (small and few)
— Horizontal Axis wind turbines (from small to very
large and almost the entire industry)
— Kites (emerging technology)

10. Wind Power Generation in Photos
Onshore Wind Farm
Rooftop Micro wind turbines
Courtesy: Internet
Offshore Wind Farm
Courtesy: Orsted

11. •Growth and Investment
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Courtesy: Bain and Co.

12. •Despite Changes in Politics and Government – Direction of
Policy Changes is consistent
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Courtesy: Bain and Co.

13. •The Challenges of Growth
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● Per Capita consumption of electricity rising from 16kWh in 1947 to 1200kWh in
2018 and further to around 2700kWh in 2030. At the same time population
population increases from 330m in 1947 to 1.51 billion in 2030.
● Massive growth in automobiles and public transport. Oil consumption was 2.2
million tons in 1947 and over 213 million in 2017.
● Massive growth in road, train and air travel infrastructure but a lot more needs to
be done.
● Massive stress on water resources, land and cities. Rivers, seas and other water
bodies are literally dying.
● Waste management has been far lagging waste generation.
● 9 out of top 10 polluted cities in the world are in India, a crown India did not want
from China.
● However, the challenges create equally big opportunities to improve and excel.
Time is critical

14. •Hope and Action
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● For the foreseeable future, power generation development almost entirely renewables. Some gas and
perhaps nuclear growth from 2030 onwards for grid stability with low CO2 and to gradually coal.
● India can build 1000GW of PV on just 0.5% of its land mass.
● Decentralised generation – Rooftop Solar PV and solar heaters
● EV penetration
● Cleaner Petrol and Diesel
● Public transport – Metros, Electric buses, Electrification of rail etc. thus pushing down oil consumption
● Education and skilling of the population – rising incomes, reduction in population growth and greater civic
sense and responsibility
● Modernisation of Labour laws
● Modernisation of agricultural techniques and diversification of crops reducing water consumption
● Energy efficiency
● Access of clean cooking fuel across all of the country
● Highly efficient new industry – avoiding challenges faced by China
● Focus on Knowledge based services and tourism