2. • A system is a group of elements
that work together to achieve a
purpose.
• An information system performs
a set of information processes
requiring participants,
data/information and information
technology.
• The relationships between the
elements of an information system
are shown below.

3. [ DRAW Figure 1.3 from p.7]
• Information systems have a purpose,
which means that they address the
needs of a group or individual.
• The environment is everything that
influences, or is influenced by, an
information system.
• Information technology is the set of
tools used by the information system
or its participants to perform work.

4. • Hardware is the physical equipment
involved in processing information.
• All devices perform one of the five
following functions:
•input
•output
•processing
•storage
•control
• All these different functions work
together.

5. • Software is the detailed instructions
that direct the hardware to perform
certain tasks.
• There are two main kinds of software:
• application – programs for a
specific task
• system – manages and controls
computer
• Data is the raw material that is entered into
an information system.
• Data is unprocessed and not yet useful to
the user.

6. • Information has been processed and
given meaning.
• It is created or modified by one or
more information processes.
• Participants are the people who carry
out the information processes.
• Participants are also called direct
users since they interact with the
system.
• Indirect users are NOT part of the
system but they are affected by it.