2. INDIAN ENERGY SCENARIO
• Coal Sector
– 7.1 % of the world reserves
– higher calorific value and low ash content coal are being imported mainly from
Australia, Indonesia and South Africa
– 15 % of the annual coal requirement imported
– A tax (clean energy cess) of Rs. 50 on every tonne of coal mined in the country as well as that
imported from abroad.
• Oil Sector
– 0.5% of the total world reserves
– accounts for about 31 % of the country’s primary energy consumption
– transport accounts for 42% followed by domestic sector and industry sector with 24% each
respectively
• Natural Gas Sector
– 0.6% of the total World reserves
– natural gas is cooled to -161oC to get Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) (600 times reduction in
volume)
– Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is made by compressing natural gas to less than 1% of the
volume it occupies at standard atmospheric pressure
– accounts for about 8.6 per cent of fuel consumption
3. • Out of the total annual primary commercial
energy supply of 408.49 MTOE, 62.5% of total
primary commercial energy is used in the form of
Coal, oil, gas for non thermal power generation
etc, whereas 37.5% of total primary commercial
energy is used for thermal power generation .
• Designated sectors (Cement, Iron & Steel, Paper
& Pulp, fertilizer, aluminum, textile and chlor-
alkali) except Thermal Power Plant account for
(122.26 MTOE) 29.9% of total primary
commercial energy consumption.
4. The National Mission for Enhanced
Energy Efficiency (NMEEE)
• Perform Achieve and Trade (PAT), which is a market-based
mechanism to enhance cost effectiveness of improvements in
energy efficiency in energy intensive large industries and facilities
through certification of energy savings that could be traded.
• Market Transformation for Energy Efficiency(MTEE) – to accelerate
the shift to energy efficient appliances in designated sectors
through innovative measures to make the products more
affordable.
• Energy Efficiency Financing Platform (EEFP) –to simulate necessary
funding for ESCO based delivery mechanisms for energy efficiency.
• Framework for Energy Efficient Economic Development(FEED) to
develop fiscal instruments to promote energy efficiency like the
Partial Risk Guarantee Fund (PRGF) and Venture Capital Fund for
Energy Efficiency (VCFEE).
5. OVERVIEW OF ENERGY INTENSIVE
SECTORS
1. THERMAL POWER PLANTS
• As per the Integrated Energy Policy Report
(IEPR), prepared by the Planning Commission, GDP
growth rate of 9% has been projected during the XI
plan
• Installed capacity of 100,351 MW
• The total thermal power generation was 589 BU in FY
2009.
• Average Station heat rate (SHR) is about 2700 kCal
/kWh.
• The sectoral DC energy consumption is 151 MMTOE.
6. OPTIONS FOR BRIDGING ENERGY
EFFICIENCY GAPS in TPP’S
• Renewable Energy generation increase
• Auxiliary Power Consumption reduction
• Plant Load Factor improvement
• Supercritical technology
• Ultra Mega Power Plants
7. 2. OVERVIEW OF
IRON & STEEL SECTOR
• Per capita consumption of steel in India is about
46 Kg
• According to Ministry of Steel, Government of
India, production of crude steel was 54 MMT in
FY 2009.
• The sectoral DC Energy consumption is 42.45
MMTOE.
• The average specific energy consumption in India
for crude steel production is 7.8 Mkcal/tonne
• Production of Iron and Steel industry is expected
to grow at the rate of 7.3% over the future years.
8. OPTIONS FOR BRIDGING ENERGY
EFFICIENCY GAP in STEEL SECTOR
• Top pressure recovery Turbine system
• Pulverized Coal injection system
• Waste heat recovery improvement
• Coke dry quenching technology adoption
• Cogeneration improvements
• Continuous casting system adoption
9. 3. OVERVIEW OF FERTILIZER SECTOR
• According to Department of Fertilizers, the total
production of nitrogenous and phosphatic
fertilizers during FY 2008 was 33 MMT.
• The sectoral DC energy consumption is 29.81
MMTOE
• The production from the Indian Fertilizer industry
is expected to grow at a rate of 5% in the future.
• The average specific energy consumption of the
industry is 8.97 Mkcal/tonne.
10. OPTIONS FOR BRIDGING ENERGY EFFICIENCY
GAPS in FERTILIZER SECTOR
• Shift to Natural Gas based production
• Installation of Pre-reformers
• Adoption of Purge gas recovery units
• Catalyst upgrades
• Use of high pressure reformers
• Improvements in Ammonia synthesis process
11. 4. OVERVIEW OF
PAPER AND PULP SECTOR
• The annual sectoral production is 7.6 million TPA
• The Sectoral DC energy consumption is 5.15
MMTOE
• The average specific electrical and thermal
energy consumption values for paper and pulp
production in India are 1600 kWh/tonne and 5.4
Mkcal/tonne respectively.
• The share of energy costs in the total
manufacturing cost is close to 25%.
12. OPTIONS FOR BRIDGING ENERGY EFFICIENCY
GAPS in PULP & PAPER SECTOR
• Increased Biomass energy use
• Paper machine upgrades & DCS adoption
• Cogeneration plant upgrades
• Drive improvements
• Steam economy measures
13. 5. OVERVIEW OF TEXTILE SECTOR
• The Industry accounts for 4% to GDP & 17% to
country’s export earnings.
• During FY 2008, the total production of cloth was
56025 million m2.
• The industry is expected to register and annual
growth rate of 7%.
• The Sectoral DC energy consumption is 28.14
MMTOE.
• The energy requirement for production of cloth is
about 0.50 kgOE/Sq.m
14. OPTIONS FOR BRIDGING ENERGY EFFICIENCY
GAPS in TEXTILE SECTOR
• Modernizing Spinning/Weaving/Processing
equipments
• Variable speed drives adoption
• Waste heat recovery & Steam economy
improvements
15. 6. OVERVIEW OF CEMENT SECTOR
• Total installed capacity is around 231 million tonnes
per annum (MMTPA) (September 2009)
• In FY 2008, as per Cement Manufactures
Association(CMA), the cement production is India was
170 million metric tones (MMT).
• During the eleventh plan period (2007-12), cement
production is targeted to grow by 8% annually.
• The sectoral DC energy consumption is 14.35 MMTOE
• The average specific electrical and thermal energy
consumption for cement plants in India is 98
kWh/tonne and 0.76 MKcal/ tonne of cement
respectively and 84 kgOE/Tonne
16. OPTIONS FOR BRIDGING ENERGY EFFICIENCY
GAPS in CEMENT SECTOR
• Multistage preheater system
• Mill Modernization
• DCS adoption
• Fan system improvements
• Waste heat recovery upgrades
17. 7. OVERVIEW OF ALUMINIUM
SECTOR
• Total production of aluminum in FY2008 was 1.23
MMT
• Expected to register an annual growth rate of
7%.
• The sectoral DC energy consumption is 1.77
MMTOE
• The current average specific energy consumption
in the Indian aluminum industry is approximately
14.4 Mcal/tonne(1440kgOE/T)
• Electricity accounts for 40% of production cost.
18. OPTIONS FOR BRIDGING ENERGY EFFICIENCY
GAPS in ALUMINIUM SECTOR
• Adoption of point feed baked Anode system
• Steam parameter up scaling in Combined
power plants
19. 8. OVERVIEW OF CHLOR ALKALI
SECTOR
• The total production of Caustic soda in FY2008 was
2.20 MMT which is expected to increase to 2.7 MMT
by FY2012 with an annual growth rate of 7%.
• The membrane cell technology requires electricity in
the range of 2500-2700 kWh/tonne as compared to
2900-3200 kWh/tonne required in the diaphragm
technology and 3300-3700 kWh/tone required in the
mercury cell technology.
• The Sectoral DC energy consumption is 0.565 MMTOE.
• The average specific energy consumption by the chlor
alkali industry is about 2.57 Mkcal/tone of caustic soda
(260 KgOE/Ton)
20. OPTIONS FOR BRIDGING ENERGY EFFICIENCY
GAPS in CHLOR ALKALI SECTOR
• Brine Quality improvements
• Membrane upgrades
• Caustic Concentration Plant Modernization
• Utility System Modernization
• Trigeneration
21. ENERGY SAVING MARGINS
Sectors Average Specific consumption
Existing Best Practice
TPP (Heat Rate) 2703.9 2432.2
Iron & Steel (kg OE/T) 788 600
Fertilizers (kg OE/T) 897 760
Paper & Pulp (kg OE/T) 678 505
Textiles (kg OE /Sq.M) 0.5 NA
Cement 84 70.6
Aluminium (kg OE/T) 1440 1100
Chlor Alkali (kg OE/T) 257 213
• Best and
Average values coexist across sector.
•Wide bandwidth is a concern area
•PAT scheme envisaged to be a stimulant for bridging gaps
22. OVERVIEW OF SAVINGS
ACHIEVED DURING 2007-10
• A recent NPC third party verification study of
BEE initiatives indicates that during (2007-10)
22.51 million TOE and cumulative avoided
generation capacity 4996 MW was achieved.
• The financial savings amount to about
– US$ 13.2 Billion by way of fuel savings (US$
600/TOE
– US$ 8 Billion by way of avoided capacity
generation and transmission infrastructure (US
$16 lakhs/MW
23. CONCLUSION
• The verified avoided capacity addition as a result of BEE
initiatives have reached 5000 MW, and is expected to exceed
the targeted 5% reduction (10,000 MW) by 2012.
• NMEEE, will scale up this effort and results.
• Success of the STAR labeling programmes, the CDM-based CFL
programme, strong institutional structure with setting up of
EESL and capacity building of State Designated Agencies, EC
act implementation, success of star labeling programs, BLY
program, SDA initiatives, institutional strengthening by EESL
incorporation, NCE schemes for capacity building are felt to
be major steps in Energy efficiency roadmap of India.