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Fluid and Electrolyte Emergencies in Critically Ill Children: Diagnosis and Management

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Dang Thanh Tuan
Dang Thanh Tuan

This document presents several case studies of pediatric patients with fluid and electrolyte disorders. It discusses the differential diagnoses, diagnostic evaluations and treatment approaches for conditions such as Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH), diabetes insipidus, adrenal insufficiency, and hypokalemia. Through a series of questions and answers, it aims to teach learners how to recognize, diagnose and manage common fluid and electrolyte emergencies in critically ill children.

Health & Medicine
1 of 46
Fluid and Electrolyte Emergencies in Critically Ill Children Richard T. Blaszak, M.D. Stephen M. Schexnayder, M.D.
Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #1 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #1 What is your differential diagnosis? What diagnostic studies would you order?
Case Study #1 Differential diagnosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #1 Laboratory studies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #1 Laboratory studies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #1 Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #1 SIADH ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #1 SIADH ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #1 SIADH ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #1 The saga continues…. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #1 The saga continues ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #1 The saga continues ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #1 Hyponatremic seizure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #2 No one can obtain IV access after 15 minutes, what would you do now?
Case Study #2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #2 What is the most likely explanation of this patients acidosis?
Case Study #2 Metabolic acidosis and the anion gap ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1. Normal gap 2. Increased gap ,[object Object],[object Object],2. GI “HCO 3 ” losses Proximal RTA Distal RTA Diarrhea 1.  Acid prod 2.  Acid elimination Lactate DKA Ketosis Toxins Alcohols Salicylates Iron Renal disease Case Study #2 Metabolic acidosis and the anion gap
Case Study #3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #3 Differential diagnosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #3 Laboratory studies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #3 Laboratory studies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #3 Diabetes Insipidus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #3 Diabetes Insipidus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #4 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #4 What is your differential diagnosis? What diagnostic studies would you order?
Case Study #4 Differential diagnosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #4 Laboratory studies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #4 Diagnosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #4 Adrenal Insufficiency ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #4 Adrenal Insufficiency ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #4 Adrenal Insufficiency ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #4 Adrenal Insufficiency ,[object Object]
Case Study #4 Adrenal Insufficiency ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #5 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #5 Hyperkalemia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cardiac Monitor ,[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #5 Hyperkalemia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #6 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #6 Laboratory studies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #6 Laboratory studies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study #6 Hypokalemia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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19 introduction of volumetric capnography
 
18 basics of pediatric airway anatomy, physiology and management
18 basics of pediatric airway anatomy, physiology and management18 basics of pediatric airway anatomy, physiology and management
18 basics of pediatric airway anatomy, physiology and management
 
17 capnography part4 non-intubated
17 capnography part4 non-intubated17 capnography part4 non-intubated
17 capnography part4 non-intubated
 
16 capnography part3 intubated
16 capnography part3 intubated16 capnography part3 intubated
16 capnography part3 intubated
 
15 capnography part2 introduction
15 capnography part2 introduction15 capnography part2 introduction
15 capnography part2 introduction
 
14 capnography part1 overview
14 capnography part1 overview14 capnography part1 overview
14 capnography part1 overview
 
13 icu monitoring standards and capnography
13 icu monitoring standards and capnography13 icu monitoring standards and capnography
13 icu monitoring standards and capnography
 
12 mainstream sidestream capnpgraphy
12 mainstream sidestream capnpgraphy12 mainstream sidestream capnpgraphy
12 mainstream sidestream capnpgraphy
 

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Fluid and Electrolyte Emergencies in Critically Ill Children: Diagnosis and Management

  • 1. Fluid and Electrolyte Emergencies in Critically Ill Children Richard T. Blaszak, M.D. Stephen M. Schexnayder, M.D.
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  • 4. Case Study #1 What is your differential diagnosis? What diagnostic studies would you order?
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  • 17. Case Study #2 No one can obtain IV access after 15 minutes, what would you do now?
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  • 19. Case Study #2 What is the most likely explanation of this patients acidosis?
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  • 29. Case Study #4 What is your differential diagnosis? What diagnostic studies would you order?
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