Redheads are lightweight, multi-purpose lights ideal for TV news coverage, commercials, and films. They produce around 800W of light but are not powerful enough to be a main light source. Blondes are larger lights that produce between 1000-2000W, making them extremely powerful for flooding large areas. Practical lights are lights that are visible in the frame of a shot, like lamps or streetlights, and help make scenes look more realistic. Reflector boards bounce light to control shadows and highlights. There are white, silver, gold, and black reflector boards that each impact the light and colors differently.

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Portable lighting equipment
Redheads-A redhead is a lightweight, multi-purposelight ideal for any location.
They are useful for key flood light for large areas or they can be useful as
backlights. They’re typically used for TV news coverage and TV film commercial
as well as industrial films and they work well for stages
in schools or small TV studios as they are portable and
light. However they aren’t used for the main source of
light as they’re not powerful enough. The power of the
light is around 800W. Theyare called redheads because
most of these lights arered. The price rangesfrom £120
- £200 per unit.
Blondes-A blondelight is larger than a redhead. The lights can be from 1000 to
2000wattsmakingthem extremely powerfulatgiving offa large
amountof light. They areusefulasfloodlights andfor lighting
large areas whilst providing more than enough light for
interior shoots and can be used for exterior to fill out
shadows created by harsh sunlight. They can be quite hot
when they are on meaning they create an uncomfortable
environment for the work crew. They range from £225 to £400
pert unit.
Practicals-Thesearelightsthat are visible within the frame. Examples of practical
lights thatcould be indoorsarelampsand Tv’s and
outdoorscouldbewindowsor streetlampsasthey
emit light and enhance a scene. The lights can be
aestichally appaling but also keep the scenes
looking real whilst adding depth. This source of
light id cheaper and more practical than electric
lights but sometimes they may not be effective.
ReflectorBoards-Reflectorboardsreflectlightfrom itssurface to get a largerlight
source and to control the shadows and highlights. The reflector board gets
positioned close to the light source making the lought bounce off monto the
object. They vary in size, some are small for smaller objects and some are large
for larger objetcs.
There are four main types of reflector boards:

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 White reflector boards- gives a neutral reflected light and is useful for
outdoors as it provides fill light to even out the
lighting of the subject.
 Silver reflecter boards-Thisaddsa saturated look
and usd when highkey light is needed.
 Gold reflector boards-creates a strong yellow-
gold tone, adding colour to the temperature of
the subject.
 Black reflectorboards-thisdoesn’treflectlight, it
creates shadows on certain areas of a subject.
Scrim/diffuser-A scrim reducesintensity and harshness of light. It gives soft light
and are sometimes used to not get a strong, vibrant
light. It helps spread the light out to make it less
powerful. The diffuser will help spread the light outand
make it less powerfulso the light isn’t overpowering the
subject. The price rangesfrom £10 to £150.
Studio Lighting
Spotlighting-thisisa strong particular lightthat is focused on a particular spot
on a small area of a stage or TV studio to make the object, person or group to
make them extremely visible within the area. Spotlights arecommonly used in
concerts, theatres and musicals. The spotlightare owned by a spotlight
operators. Thespotlight operator manuallymoves
the spotlight following the subject on the stage. It is
used to drawattention to the object. A spotlight
typically includes a lens which can manuallybe
focused, a strong light source and some spotlights
can be fitted with ‘colour gels’ to changethe colour
of the beam to create a variety of effects.
Floods-Floodlightsarebroad, beamed artificial lights
that let off a high intensity of light. They’re typically
used in playing fields during low key light conditions.
It gives a powerfulillumination over the large areas
meaning sports games can be held after day light as
the flood lights arepowerfulenough to cover the

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majority of the playing area. The highly common floodlightis the ‘metal-halide
lamp’ which has a brightwhite light. This light is 75-100 watts. The average
playing fields flood light price is £35,000 to £50,000.
Gobos-A gobo isplate or a screen which shields
a lend from a light source. It contolrsthe shape
of he light that I being emitted meaning the
light can be think, thin, small or large. There are
differenttypes of gobos. A metal gobo has
holes which are in the shape of a pattern to get
the wanted shape of the light creating different
patterns and shadows. There are also glass gobos
which aremade with transparentglass and mirror
to block light and produceblackshadows on a
projected image. They can be used with
projectorsor small, simple light sources. Some
gobosare simple however some are complicated.
Prices vary from £10,00-£500.
Quality and positioning
Hard and softlight-Hard lighttendsto produceshadowsand gives a harsh effect
upon the subject. The light sourcein hard light is much smaller compared to the
subject meaning less light is being emitted however the light looks brighter in
contrastto the shadows. Hard light comes from the sun of an off-camera flash.
Softlight fills around thesubject giving it soft edges. Softlight is used in
cinematographyto reduce shadows, it can make the characteristicsof someone
appear youthfulmaking wrinkles less visible and overall it doesn’tproduceas
many shadowsas hard lighting creating a more natural look. If the light source is
close then it is softlight and if the size of the light is largethe softer it is.
Hard light Softlight

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Key, fillandblacklighting- Thepurposeof the key light is to highlightthe
dimension of the subject. It is the main light which is used. Using just a key light
can light up a scene making it a high-contrastscene. For interior scenes, stage
light is used for the key lighting and sunlight is used for exterior scenes. Lamps
can also be used for key lights if they have enough brightness. A backlight can
be added to make the subject distinct from the background. Theback light
creates a flowing effecton the edges of the subject
to also separate it from the background. Someback
lights producesilhouettes if it is moreintense than
the key light. This is effective for photography. Also,
theatres use back lighting to give the subject a
three-dimensionaltouch. Fill light lightens the areas
of shadowsthat are being created by other lights
and can also reduce contrastof a scene. It prevents
the shadows from being too dark.
Directionallighting-Thisislighting that is in a
particular direction. A spotlight is directional light
as it directs the light in a particular direction, the
spotlight would be directly on a character who is
on stage, following them and only covering them
leaving the other areas withoutlight. Whereasa
street light isn’t directionallighting as they direct
their light over a wide area. Directional lighting
creates an atmosphereand can be positioned in any positioned to cover one
main subject.
Temperaturelighting-Colour temperatureisa characteristic
of visible light that hasan importantpartin lighting. Colour
temperatureis shown on the Kelvin scale and the colour
appearanceof the light that gets produced. Lightswith a
mid-rangecolour temperature(3500Kto 4100K) havea
neutralor white appearance. Thelight is more balanced in its
colour wavelengths. Lights with a higher colour temperature
have a cool or white appearance.
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