2. 2009w.
Jurnalistika, sakacobrio civilizaciis monapovaria. saqarTveloSi Jurnalistika
fexs ikidebs daaxloebiT XVIIIsaukunis miwuruls. “rac Seexeba XIX saukunidan
ukve damoukideblobadakargul saqarTvelos,xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos,rom ruseTis
imperiaSi Semaval xalxebs Soris,pirvelad swored TblisSi ganxorcielda pirveli qarTuli
oficialuri perioduli organos “saqarTvelos gazeTis gamocema1819-21wlebSi.”(1)
60-nelebis Jurnalistika miyveboda msoflioSi, ruseTSi da Tavad saqarTveloSi
momxdar socialur-politikur,ekonomikur gardaqmnebs, da aseve istoriul
movlenebs(ruseT-TurqeTis omi1877-1878 aWara-arTvinis mxaris
saqarTvelosTan SemoerTeba.)
imdroindeli qarTulli Jurnalistika “aZlierebda da kidev ufro maRla swevda mefis
ruseTis TviTmpyrobeluri reJimis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli erovnul-ganmanTavisuflebeli
moZraobis droSas,medgrad ibrZoda socialuri da erovnuli Cagvris winaaRmdeg,qarTuli
enis dacvisa da qarTuli skolebis Sesaqmnelad,rac SeiZleba meti qarTuli wignebis
gamosacemad,axali erovnuli dawesebulebebis(qarTuli banki,qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis
gamavrcelebeli sazogadoeba,qarTuli dramatuli sazogadoeba)daarsebis da
gaZlierebisTvis,saqarTvelos Rirsebisa da interesebis winaaRmdeg amxedrebuli reaqciuli
rusuli da ucxouri presis asalagmavad,didi erovnuli zeimebisa da dResaswaulebis
mowyobisa da Rirseulad aRniSvnisTvis.(2).
3. imdroindeli qarTuli Jurnalistika qveynis interesebis damcvelad gvevlineba.
saqarTvelosa da qarTuli Jurnalistikis istoriaSi ilia WavWavaZe Sevida
rogorc,axali epoqis Semqmneli, qarTveli xalxis mxsneli,adamini, romelmac
gaaRviZa qarTuli suli da qarTvelTa erovnuli TviTSegneba.
igi iyo aramarto didi mwerali-ganmanaTlebeli, dramaturgi da mkvlevari,
aramed kritikuli relizmis,realistikuri kritikisa da publicistikis fuZemdebeli. iliam
publicistikasTan erTad saTave daudo XIX saukunis meore naxevris
saqarTvelos “azrTa da mimarTulebis winsvlas,warmatebas,gonebis
TvalTaxedvis gaganierebas,gandidebas,gaZlierebas”samarTlianebi viqnebiT
Tu vityviT,rom iliam daudo safuZveli literaturul-kritikul werilebs,saidanac
iwyeba saqarTveloSi sazogadoebrivi azris ganviTareba.Mman qarTvel xalxs
publicisturi werilebis mTeli cikli SesTavaza.werda saqarTvelosa da mis
farglebs gareT mimdinare movlenebze, Teatrsa da xelovnebaze, mokled
yvelasa da yvelaferze rac ki saqarTvelos Seexeboda.
Ppublicisturi werilebis erT-erT cikls miekuTvneba “Sinauri mimoxilvebi”.sadac
man ZiriTadad saqarTvelos SigniT, mimdinare problemebi aRwera.
ilia WavWavaZe publicistur werilebSi:aWaris SemoerTeba,osmalos
saqarTvelo,”vis naTessa vmkiT”da Sinauri mimoxilvebi(1879wlis ianvari,
Tebervali, ivlisi-agvisto),ZiriTadad saubrobs imdroindel saqarTveloSi arsebul
mdgomareobaze, TviT erze da maT daniSnulebaze, adamianebze, romlebic
iyvnen da Tan arc iyvnen qarTvelebi, swavla-ganaTlebasa da istoriaze.
4. werilSi, “osmalos saqarTvelo”, ilia uamrav problemaze saubrobs,Tumca
mainc gamoyofs erT mniSvnelovan aspeqts,kerZod igi, saqarTvelos istorias
gvaxsenebs, vinaidan mas miaCnia, rom yvela adamianma unda icodes
sakuTari eris istoria, misi ar codna sircxvili da Ralatia qveynisa,eri, erad ver
ivargebs da adamiani adamianad.es aris saunje,risi saSualebiTac ers
siamayis grZnoba eufleba,uCndeba survili iyos msgavsi winapris,eTqmodes
Tavisi sityva yvelgan da yovelTvis. istoriis saSualebiT eri suldgmulobs.”igi
saganZea, saca eri poulobs Tavisi sulis bgeras, Tavis zneobiT da gonebriv
aRmatebulebas, Tavis vinaobas.”(3)lias TqmiT adamianma marto imitom unda
icodes Tavisi istoria, rom is pirvel rigSi adamiani iyos,gaigos vinaa, ras
warmoadgens”visi gorisaa”.arsebobs ori saxis Rone sxeulis da sulis.sxeulis
Ronea roca varjiSob, da fizikurad Zlieri xar, es adamians bevr rameSi
exmareba, magram sul sxvaa “sulis GRone”-esaa Rone, roca Zlieri ara
fizikurad, aramed pirovnulad xdebi,Seudrekeli xar, winaaRmdegobebis ar
geSinia,ai “swored sulis Rone sxva araferia Tu ara istoriis codna.” verc saerTo
gvariSviloba, sarwmunoeba an ena, ise ver aaxlovebs adamianebs
erTmaneTan, rogorc istoria.
“eri erTis RvawliT damdebi, erTs istoriul uRelSi bmuli, erTad mebrZoli,erTsa da imave
Wirsa da lxinSi gamotarebuli-erTsulobiT, erTgulobiT Zlieria”(4)
Mmarto imitom aris istoriis codna saWiro rom mas SeuZlia sxvadasxva da
erTi da igive warmoSobis adamianebi erTmaneTTan SeaduRos, Seadnos
gaaerTianos, erTsulovani, Zlieri da udreki gaxados.
5. ilias am yvelafris gaxseneba dasWirda imitom, rom naTlad daexata Tu ra
mdgomareobaSi iyo XIXsaukunis, osmalo da danarCeni saqarTvelo. im dros
osmalos saqarTvelos uwodebdnen, friad mSvenier da erT dros
qristeanul,samefo kuTxes, samcxe-klarjeTs,kuTxes,romelsac udidesi wvlili,
saxeli da pativi miuZRvis saqarTvelos istoriaSi.marTlia im periodSi
saqarTvelos es nawili sruliad gaucxovebuli iyo,magram xom arsebobda erT
dros uwyveti Zafebi.rac ar unda iyos maT da danarCen saqarTvelos erTi
istoria aqvT,erT enazec saubrobdnen.
saqarTvelo iyo da aris is qveyana,romelsac yoveli mxridan mteri
yavs,saukune ar gasula ise,rom qarTvelebs sisixli ar daeRvaroT
saTayvanebeli samSoblosTvis. iyo dro,roca saqarTvelos erTdroulad Tavs
esxmoda bizantia,sparseTi da osmalo.im dros swored mesxeTi ibrZoda
qarTuli enis,sarwmunoebis da ganaTlebis dasacavad. “odes bizantia,sparseTi da
osmalo am Cvens mSvenier qveyanas etanebodnen da urTierTs ecilebodnen,maSin is
saqarTvelos nawili,romelic dRes osmalos xelSia,medgrad ibrZoda Cvenis
sarwmunoebis,ganaTlebis,erT-mTavrobisaTvis da maTda da CvenTa sasaxelod ZleviTac
mosil iqmna.”(5)
Uudaoa is,rom samcxis mTavrebi metad Wkvianebi iyvnen.amaze faqtebi
metyvelebs. maSin roca saqarTvelo dayofili iyo nawil-nawil da erTi nawili
sparseTis batonibis qveS iyo, xolo meore ki bizantiis,zemo qarTli anu e.w
samcxe-klarjeTi,xan erT dampyrobels miemxroboda xolme,xam meores da
ase gaqonda Tavi.aSkaraa,rom Tavadebsa da mmarTvelebs Zalian moqnili
politika hqondaT SemuSavebuli,risi saSualebiTac samcxe TiTqmis erTaderTi
iyo romelsac eWira “Tavisufali droSa qarTvelTa erTobisa”
7. suliad saqarTvelo da Cveni qveyana Seiqmna Zlier da saxelovan.exlandelma osmalos
saqarTvelom im SeerTebisTvis didi rvawli dasdo Cvens qveyanasa,didi sisxli daanTxia,didi
qveloba gaswia.” “daviT kurapalatma qarTliTgan wasvlis winaT Sekriba adgilobrivi
aznaurebi da gamoucxada: “ese (bagrat) ars mkvidri taosa,qarTlisa da afxazeTisa, Svili
gazrdili Cemi da me var mouravi misi da TanaSemwe,amas daemorCileniT yvelani”(10)
sayuradReboa ramdenime detali; is rom iq metad ganaTlebuli xalxi
cxovrobda, rac Tavis mxriv kargia, aramarto im kuTxisaTvis, aramed
mTlianad saqarTvelosaTvis.meore is rom kargi urTierToba qondaT mezobel
bizantiasTan, Tavisuflad SeeZloT misvla-mosvla,rac samwuxarod daaxloebiT
10 saukunis mere XIX saukunis saqarTveloSi ase aRar xdeba,igive principebi
dRevandeli saqarTvelosTvis nametnavad ucxoa. DdRes mezobel
qveynebTan megobobas gavurbivarT, viukadrisebT, gvexamuSeba,Tu
maincdamaic megobrobaze midga saqme, Cven, cota iqiT, okeanes
gadaRma gvyavdes “megobari”is gvirCevnia.samwuxaroa es faqti XIX
saukuneSi, magram realobaa da versad ver gaveqceviT.
sjobs cotaxniT daviviwyoT samwuxaro realobebi dRevandel cxovrebaSi da
isev ilias da mis werilebs mivubrundeT.
“yvelas gmirobas ver moTxov”-o naTqvamia da marTalicaa.1625 wels
samcxis ukanaskneli aTabagi manuCari sakuTarma biZam-beqam mowamla
da rjulic Seicvala. aqedan airia samcxeSi yvelaferi vinaidan Tavad-azanaurebi
da glexebi ganudgnen mas da qarTlSi gadaixvewnen,zogs beqam
ZaldatanebiT miaRebina mahmadianoba,zogs motyuebiT da ase daeca nel-
nela samcxis dideba,xalxi umoZRvrod darCa,ganadgurebulni da
8. sasowarkveTilni.iqidan moyolebuli gawyda Zafebi,iqaur mosaxleobasTan,
gaucxovdnen.
Mmagram istoria xom darCa,sanukvari da saTayvanebeli. yvelaferi rom
daviviwyoT erTi genialuri poeti gvyavs,erTi rusTaveli,erTi siamaye, romelic
sworedac rom mesxeTis rusTavidan iyo da am mxaris Svili iyo.
swored samcxe-saaTabago iyo is adgili, saidanac kultura,
ganaTleba,modioda, sadac erT dros yvaoda yvelaferi, Cveni yofili cxovreba iq
ayvavebula Cvens cxovrebas iq uCqefnia, Cveni sulis Zlierebas iq aRumarTavs Tavisi
saxelganTqmuli droSa, TiTqmis igia Cveni sulis aRmatebulebis akvani da igivea
samarecCvenis yofilis adamianobisa.swavla,ganaTleba,mamulisTvis Tavgametebuli
siyvaruli,TiTqmis iqidan efineboda Cvens qveyanasa erT dros.”(11)gver
samwuxarod uqmad Caiara bagratis,Tamaris,daviTis Rvawlma, erTiani
saqarTvelosTvis da qristeanobisaTvis.
ilia werilis dasasruls imeds ar kargavs rom isev saqarTvelos nawili iqneba
diadi samcxe.marTalia sarwmunoebaTa sxvadasxvaobaa,magram qristenebi
yovelTvis didi pativiscemiT epyrobian sxva sarwmunoebis xalxs, da amitom
ilias sarwmunoebis sxva-da-sxvaobis SiSi ar aqvs vinaidan saqarTvelos
istoriSi ar yofila SemTxveva,rom qarTvels vinmes sarwmunoeba daeCagros
an ganedevnos. “ar gvaSinebs meTqi is garemoeba,rom Cvens Zmebs osmalos
saqarTveloSi mcxovrebTa,dRes mahmadianis sarwmunoeba uWiravT,oRond movides
kvlav is bednieri dRe,rom Cven erTmaneTs kidev SevuerTdeT,erTmaneTi viZmoT da
qarTveli Cvenda sasiqdulod,kvlav daumtkicebs qveyanas,rom igi ar erCis adamianis
sisndiss da didi xnis ganSorebul Zmasa Zmuradve SeiTvisebs,Tvis patiosan da lmobiers
gulzed Zma Zmuradve miiyrdens TvalSi creml-moreuli qarTveli.”(12)
9. ilia imaSic darwmunebulia,rom Tuki samxreT saqarTvelos SemoerTebas
sisxlisRvra daWirda qarTvelebi ukan ar daixeven da daubruneben
saqarTvelos im ZirZvel kuTxes,romelic ager ori saukunea saqarTvelos
SemadgenlobaSi aRar Sedis.
Apublicisturi werilis “osmalos saqarTvelos gamoqveynebidan, 2wlis Semdeg
ilia beWdavs, Semdeg publicistur werils, saTauriT“Sinauri mimoxilva”(ianvari).
werilebi erTmaneTs Zalian gavs, jer marto imitom rom mxolod saqarTvelos
Sina sakiTxebze msjelobs ilia da amasTanave, orivegan TiTqmis erTsa da
imave problemebze _gamahmadianebul qarTvelebze, maT warsulsa da
awmyoze saubrobs.
marTalia werils Sinauri momixilva qvia,Tumca ilia qveynis farglebs gareT
momxdari ambebiT iwyebs Txrobas,vinaidan gare samyaro mniSvnelovnad
gansazRvravs qveynis SigniT arsebul viTarebas. Dda marTlac “berlinis
xelSekrulebam Cven erTi didi sikeTe SegvZina da am mxriT .SarSandeli weliwadi CvenTvis friad
Rirs-saxsoTvaria; Cveni Zmebi, Cveni sisxlxorci,CvenTan erTad “mebrZoli Savi bedisa” Cveni
gmirebis bude, Cvenis uwindelis ganaTlebis da swavlis akvani, Cveni Zveli saqarTvelo, -dRes
Cven SemogvierTda da Tu kargad moeqcevian- vis xelTac aw imaTi bedia, CvenTan iqneba kidec
samudamod.”(13)wers ilia.
ilia samSoblosaTvis Tavdadebul gmirebs mimarTavs Semdegi
sityvebiT”Tqven, saca Wiri iyo, pirvelni iyaviT nebiT Tu uneblieT da saca lxini iyo
ukanasknelni”es ufro im gmirebs ekuTvnodaT romlebic samcxe-javaxeTisa da
aWaris mkvidri iyvnen da bolomde maTi saTayvanebeli samSoblos erTgulni
darCnen. ilia gansakuTrbiT xazs usvams imas,rom yvelaze ufro metad
aWarlebi Cavardenen cud mdgomareobaSi.vinaidan aqeT rusebi da iqiT
10. osmalebi teritoriis misakuTrebas cdilobdnen da radagnac aravin icoda Tu vis
xelSi Cavardeboda teritoria,amitom,xalxi arcerTs adardebda.arc rusebi
ufrTxildebodnen da arc TaTrebi. imdenad cud dReSi iyo kintriSis mazra, rom
mTavrobam saqveynod gamoacxada,”nametnavad kintriSis mazraa Turme saSinel
yofaSi da gaWirvebaSi da rom marTla igi yofa da gaWirveba saSinelia,marto is amtkicebs,
rom TiTon mTavrobas saWirod daunaxavs imisi gamocxadeba saWirod”(14)
ilia qarTvelbs mouwodebs daxmareba gauwion aWarlebs-sakuTar debsa da
Zmebs, xalxs romlebic isev da isev qarTvelebis gamo iyvnen
gadakargulni,mouwodebs yvelas, daexmaros ise, rogorc SeuZliaT, zogi fuliT,
saWmliT, da zogic tansacmliT. Ees erTgvari movaleobaa TiToeuli
qarTvelisaTvis. “amas iTxovs yvelasgan sazogadod kacTmoyvareoba da CvenTvis ki
sakuTrad zneobiTi movaleobac Zmisa Zmis winaSe”. igi isev qarTvelebs mimarTavs
da eubneba, rom am yovelives gakeTeba sworedac aucilebelia vinaidan
yvelam dainaxos, rom ZmaTA siyvaruli qarTvelebs SeuZliaT,rom WirSi
gverdiT dadgoma maTvis upirvelesi amocanaa da erTurToba,Zmoba yvelaze
mniSvnelovania qarTvelebisaTvis.
ilia ise mimarTavs am werilSi qarTvelebs, rom TiTqos maTi imedi aqvs da icis
rom qarTvelebi aseT saqmeSi uRalatoebi arin Tumca mainc axsnebs mama-
papisgan datovebul andrZs. Zma ZmisTvisa da Savi dRisTvisao”
qarTvelebis mTavari amocana maSin, ilias azriT iyo is, rom axlaxan
SemoerTebuli aWaris mosaxleobas qarTuli ena Seeswavla da ganaTleba
mieRo es iyo uebari wamali imisa, rom aWarlebsa da danarCeni saqarTvelos
mosaxleobas Soris damyarebuliyo harmoniuli urTierToba.
11. “akaki wereTelma sTqva da Cvenc vityviT rom amisTvis erTi uebari saxsaria:swavla,
codna da mecniereba”.ai wamwymedeli yovlisa uTanxmoebisa,damadginebeli yovlis
keTildReobis momfeni RonisZieba!swavla,codna, mecniereba_Ronea imisTana romelsac
dRes win veraferi ver aRudgeba:verc muSti,verc xmali, verc jarTa simravle. codna uZleveli
faria arsebobisTvis,basri xmalia mogeriebisTvis”(15)
ilia yvela publicistur werilsi atarebs im azrs rom adaminisaTis yvelaze
mniSvnelovani codna da ganaTlebaa.
saWirod CavTvale aq gagvexsenebina daviT guramiSvilis ukvdavi
frazebi:Wkua uxmar ars briyvTaTvis Wkva codniT moixmarebis...” “. . . mudam SenTana
myofeli,mas gecilebis veravin ar aris gasayofeli”.
Yvelaze ufro metad ilia codnis raobas aRwers publicistur werilSi “ra giTxraT?
riT gagaxaroT?”igi pirdapir gveubneba,rom omi mZvinvarebs,ogond ara
xmliani omi ara, dres xmlebi aRaravis swirdeba,isini Taroze arian Semodebuli
da TavianTvis wynarad ganisveneben,omia usisxlo, mSvidobiani,
wynari,magram omia da iciT ra qvia am oms?oflis Rvris omi, codnis omi, omi
romelmac ar icis buki da naRara.es omi patiosani omia vinaidan Sromis omia
da igi patiosani da namusiania.”ubuk-naRarod sTes, ubuk-naRarod mkis.kokisebur
Sxapuna niaRvars ki ar gavs, rom mTa da bari Tan waiRos,moRaros da
mogragnos,”mdumare wvimisaebr nayofis gamomcemelia”arc rbeva icis,arc Zarcva.es imis
bunebaSi ar sweria, Tu TiTon adamianma gesli ulmobeli sixarbisa Sig ar
CaawveTa,buneba ar mouwamla,ar mouSxama.”(16)
Mmxolod codnisa da ganaTlebis wyalobiT SegviZlia mters gavuwioT
winaaRmdegoba, davicvaT sakuTari qveyana da misi saxeli.Tu qarTvelebma
12. es ar SevigneT da gaviTaviseT maSin saqarTvelos “upatrono saydariviT sxvebi
daepatronebian”.
ianvris Sinaur mimoxilvaSi ilia ZiriTad aqcents swavlasa da codnaze
akeTebs, “codna uZleveli faria arsebobisTvis,basri xmalia
mogeriebisTvis”.gvaswavlis Tu ra aris codna realurad risi qmna SeuZlia, misi
azriT qveynis erTaderTi xsnaa,mcodne da ganaTlebuli eris aRzrda. Tumca
svams kiTxvas Tu rogor da ra gziT SeiZleba mcodne mamuliSvilebis aRzrda
da am kiTxvas pasuxs Tavad scems, Tumca manmade im droindel viTarebas
gvamcnobs Tu ra situacia iyo zogadad saqarTvelos skolebSi.
Yyvelaze pirvelad imas usvams xazs, rom mxolod saSualo skolebi arsebobs
da ara umaRlesi saswavleblebi.Tumca saSualo saswavleblebic aris molod
imaTTvis, vinc SeZlebulia, anu Tavad-aznaurebisTvis. Mmagram Tavad-
aznaurebi mxolod mcire nawili iyo qveynis. Qqveynis Zalas da Rones
Seadgendnen ubralo adamianebi,romlebsac aranairi saSualeba ar eZleodaT
mieRoT ganaTleba.ilia fiqrobs,rom es udidesi Secdomaa mTavrobis mxridan,
Tumca sabednierod es Secdoma yvelam dainaxa da aRiara rom es
Secdomaa. “marto am ukanasknel dros-yvelam,Tu ar scna,cnobili mainc aRiara,rom
eseTi gansakuTrebuli mzrunveloba marto erTis wodebisTvis didi Secdomaa winaSe
saerTod xalxis ganaTlebis moTxovnilebisa;rom swavla da ganaTleba ufesvoa iq saca
udidesi nawili xalxisa kardaxSulia,moklebulia xalxis saxsarsa.”(17)
erTi sasixarulo ambavi is iyo, rom Tavad xalxi fiqrobda skola
daemTavrebinaT,xalxi cdilobda TavianTi Tavi gaetanaT, aq rom vaxsene xalxi
fiqrobda Tqo,ugulisyurod ar unda Caiaros am sityvebma, vinaidan xalxi-
13. fiqrobda es raTaqmaunda didi progresi iyo,adamianebma bevr rameze
daiwyes fiqri da rac yvelae mTavaria isini fiqrobdnen swavla-ganTlebaze.ilias
axarebs is faqti rom skolebis gaxsna-daarsebas sistematuri saxe eZleoda.
samwuxarod igive ar xdeboda axlad SemoerTebul saqarTvelSi.ilia eWvobda
rom SesaZloa Tavad mosaxleobis survili ar iqneboda,skolebi daearsebinaT
da meore faqtori iyo is rom,isini sarwmunoebiT mahmadianebi
iyvnen.marTalia es religia ar uSlis xels swavlisa da codnis miRebas,magram
aris sxva ramec,kerZod:swavlis xalmZrvanelebi Tbilisis guberniaSic
xalxi,amitom isini rusebis swavlas “sxva TvaliT” uyurebdnen.sxva TvaliT
yurebaSi ilia gulisxmobda imas,rom SesaZloa maT ifiqron an afiqrebinon,rom
skolebis saSualebiT Seecdebian “zneobiTi da gonebiTi mxedveloba Secvalon rjulis
arsebis SeryvnisTvis”
marTalia es sakmaod didi problemaa Tumca ilia,gamosavals iseve rogorc
bevr sakiTxSi, aqac xedavs.kerZod mas miaCnia,rom Tuki aWaraSi
gaixsneba skolebi,direqtorebad aucileblad unda iyvnen miwveulni qarTuli enis
mcodneni,es TbiliSi xom aucilebelia da aWaraSi miT ufro. saWiroa aseve ar
daiviwyon,rom dawyebiT saswavleblebSi unda aswavlon bavSvebs is,ris
gareSec SeuZlebeli iqneba Semdgomi ganTleba-ganviTareba. “ai amaSia suli
da guli pirveldawyebiTi Skolisa... –am-rigad,pirveldawyebiT SkolaSic ki SesaZloa ixeiros
yovel im mozardma nergma kacis bunebisam,romelic erTad gamoitans xolme nayofs
kaikacobisas,adamianobisas.”(18)
qarTulma enam SeZlebisdagvarad isev moikida fexi skolebSi am udides
Rvawls ki ilia ukavSirebs gazeT “droebas” da тифлисский вестиик“-s.
14. “eg patara gazeTi “droeba”exlandel naRmis mimtans patara gems magonebs,,romelic
exlaxan moigones da romelmac imdeni vai-vaglaxi daayara zorba xomaldebs warsul
omebSi”(19)
rogorc Cans 1878wels gamarTula soflis skolebis maswavlebelTa kreba,sadac
erTxmad aRiares,rom qarTuli ena iqneboda Ziri, fesvi dawyebiT klasebSi da
rom yvela sagans,romelsac gaivlidnen moswavleebi pirvelidan meoTxe
klasamde,iswavlidnen qarTul enaze. ra Tqma unda moswavleebi iswavlidnen
rusul enasc,magram is iqneboda ara rogorc saxsari yvelafrisa, aramded
rogorc erTi Cveulebrivi sagani,romelis swavlac mxolod mesame klasidan
iqneboda SesaZlebeli.skolebSi moswavleebi iswavlidnen aseve
religias,ariTmetikas,istorias,geografias.
ra Tqma unda patar-patara xarvezebi arsebobda,magram am xarvezebs
advilad moereodnen,mTavaria WeSmariti survili yofiliyo ganaTlebis
dauflebisa.
am werilis gamoqveynebodan erTi Tvis Semdeg ilia axal werils aqveynebs,
igive saTauriT “Sinauri mimoxiva” da raoden samwuxaroc ar unda
iyos,TiTqmis igive problemebiT.ianvris werilisgan gansxvavebiT aq ufro
dawvrilebiTaa ganxiluli aWaris problemebi. “aWara da qobuleTi-kintriSis mazra
gaWirvebulia.-Svela Cveni zneobiTi movaleobaa.-aWarlebis gadasaxlebis xma.-raT?da
risTvis?-rogor unda moevloT da rogor mouares-mTavrobas riT icnobs xalxxi-
administracia.-arsebiTi nakli administraciisa.-uenoba da siyrue-ar icnobs da ara icnoben.-
cxovreba, kanoni da Sua carielia.-kanonmdebloba oTx kedels Sua.-vneba amis gamo.-
kidev qarTuli da aqauri enebi.-qarTuli scena.-ra aris scena sazogadod da ra unda iyos
CvenTvis sakuTriv.”(20)rogorc vxedavT iliam werilis dasawyisSive warmoaCina
15. problema. Uuenoba da siyrue.. ueonobis gamo gamowveulia Sesabamisad
siyruec.Zalian Znelia iyos qveynis nawili is kuTxe,romelsac ar esmis Seni da
Sesabamisad arc Sen gesmis misi. aWaris kuTxesa da sxva saqarTvelos
Soris didi xidi iyo gadebuli,didi ufskruli moCanda da male unda amoevsoT es
ufskruli, Torem saqme gaTavebuli iqneboda da faqtiurad sul davkargavT im
xalxs,romelic didi gaWirvebis da Semdeg kvlav CvenTan arian, amitom
qarTvelebi valdebuli iyvnen yvelanairi piroba SeeqmnaT maTTvis rom Tavi
srulyofil qarTvelad da saqarTvelos moqalaqed egrZnod. erTi wuTiT ar unda
miscen qarTvelebma imis fiqri, rom adgnen miatovon TavianTi mamul-
dedulebi da sxvagan gadaixvewon. im SsemTxvevaSi toveben adaminebi
yvelafers rac maTTvis Zalian Zvirfasia, rac Zalian uyvarT, risTvisac amden
tanjvas uZleben, roca arCevanis winaSe dgebian an sikvdili an iq soicocxleo.
Aamgvar saqciels unda avaridoT aWarlebi.
ilia erT umniSvnelovanes detals usvams xazs, romelic damafiqrebeli iyo
maSinac, damafiqrebelia dResac da momavalSic. “Rirseba da sikeTe romelime
mTavrobisa, xalxisgan cnobili da aRiarebuli,sTesavs xalxSi im siyvaruls Tesls, romelic
metad sanatreli unda iyos cnobierad momarTul da mimarTul saxelmwifosaTvis. Da marto
es siyvarulia saTaved yovel imisa, rac ki Seadgens saxelmwifos Zalasa da Rones, imitom,
rom marto siyvaruliT aRsavse xalxia saimedo yovels gansacdelSi, rac ki saxelmwifos
istoriis gzazed SeemTxveva xolme, marto siyvaruliT gulgamTbar xalxs SeuZlian sicocxlisa
da qonebis gawirva saxelmwifo keTildReobisTvis.”(21)Teber.
am sityvebze unda izrdebodnen qarTvelebi aw da maradis. vinaidan dRes
XXI saukuneSi qarTvelebs yvelaze ufro samSoblos siyvaruli akliaT, yvela
16. sakuTar Tavze fiqrobs da aravis ki azrad ar mosdis, rom mxolod sakuTar
Tavze fiqriT qveyana ar aSendeba, da rom maTviisac Zalze saziano iqneba.
ilias azriT,roca saxelmwifos moxeleebi im erovnebisa ar arian romeli
erovnebac unda marTon, an is ena ar ician romelic im qveynis erovnuli
enaa,aseT SemTxvevaSi verc xalxi gaugebs moxeelebs da verc isini
gaugeben xalxs. aWaris mimoxilvis dros igi saWirod miiCnevs aRniSnos is
faqti, Tu ra mdgomareobaSia zogadad saqarTvelo im mxriv, rom yvelaze
utyuri makavSirebeli xalxTan-ena, qarTuli ena moispo, da nel-nela sxva enebi
anacvleben mas. ilia moxeleTA amorCevaSi pirvel adgils enis codnas
miakuTvnebs imitom rom uamisod amaoa mTavrobis cda xalxis gulis
mosagebad.igi iSveliebs evropuli qveynebis kanonsac, sadac weria, rom Tu
moxelem im qveynis ena ar icis, romlis marTvac surs, arafris didebiT ar
miscemen uflebas qveynis marTvisa.saqarTveloSi ki sul sxva situaciaa,
moxeleebma arc ician qarTuli, arc survili aqvT swavlis da mTel rig
RonisZiebebs atareben,rom qarTuli ena Zir-fesvianad amoZirkvon. qveynis
mmarTvels, enis codnasTan erTad unda axasiaTebdes “Wkuisa da zneobis
simaRle” unda icnobdes da esmodes xalxis, maTi tkivilisa da
gaWirvebis,sixarulisa da Cveulebebis.moxele marto mcveli da daraji ki ara
mwvrTnelic unda iyos. Samwuxarod ase ar xdeboda maSindel saqarTveloSi
da eWvi maq vinmem daitrabaxos aseTi moxeleebi gvyavso dRevandel
saqarTveloSi.XIX saukunis saqarTvelos moxeleebi
“im juridan amorCeulni arian,romelic sruliad ucnobia xalxisa,misi cxovrebisa,sruliad
ucodinari enisa,-amas aucileblad is mosdevs,rom maT xalxisa raferi gaegebaT ra da xalxs
17. kidev amaTi.”(22Teber) imis magivrad rom moxeleebs ecadaT da eswavlaT
qarTuli,piriqiT moiqcnen, cdilobdnen ZirfesvianaT amoeZirkvaT da moespoT
igi.
amitomPpirveli rac maT gaakeTes, saswavleblebSi akrZales qarTuli ena,
amasac ar dasjerdenen da sasuliero Tu saostato skolebSic SeaRwies da
gandevnes qarTuli ena. TviT qarTvelebs ar qondaT sxva gza enis Seswavlisa
da moxeleze xom laparaki zedmeti iyo.
“saWiro dros saWiro kaci gamoCndebao”da marTlac swored 1879wels
dim,yifianis,ilia WavWavaZis,iakob gogoebaSvilis da niko cxvedaZis
TaosnobiTa da iniciativiT gaCnda da amoqmedda idea “qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis”.swored es organizacia iqceva
qarTuli progresuli Zalebis semkreb da damrazvel organizaciad reaqciis
Zalebis Semotevisgan erovnuli kulturis dasacavad.(22)
Tebervlis Sinaur mimoxlivaSi ilia kidev erT mniSvnelovan problemas
Seexo.kerZod imas,rom qarTuli enis ar codna mxolod moxeleebis problema
ar iyo, uaresic xdboda saqarTveloSi,samwuxarod e.w. qarTuli inteligencia
Takilobda qarTulad esaubraT.aRar ismis qarTuli darbaisuli laparaki, is
simdidre,romelic qarTul sityvierebas axasiaTebs. “gadagvaviwyda yovelive,rac
enis Svenebas Seadgens,radganac Cveni azri, Cvenis eniT aRar moZraobs,Cveni guli
Cvenis eniT aRar Tbeba.”(23)81g
aseT savalalo da samarcxvino mdgomareobaSi erTaderTi mxsneli scena
aRmoCnda,adgili sadac SeeZloT Tavisuflad elaparakaT qarTulad. Aaxda didi
survili rom samudamo qarTuli da somxuri scena gaimarTos.somxebi didi
18. gulmodginebiT ekidebodnen am saqmes, scenis momzadebisTvis maT aTasi
Tumanic ki mougrovebiT da kidev agrovbdnen.qarTvelebsac ar qondaT gul-
xeli dakrefili,droebaSi gamoqveynebula,rom erT-erT qarTvels 300Tumani
Seuwiravs qarTuli scenisTvis.ilia imeds ar kargavs,rom yvela Seecdeba
SeZlebisdagvarad daexmaros qarTul scenas.
Teatri aucilebellia qarTvelebis ganaaTlebisa da ganviTarebisTvis. “amas garda
scena igive Skolaa,romelic cxovelis suraTebiT elaparakeba kacis gulsa da Wkuasa, igi am
Tavis TvisebebiT kacis gunebazed ufro magrad moqmedebs,vidre sxva rame.am mxriT
aris igi kacis grznobisa da Wkuis gamafaqizebeli, gamwmedeli.scena xalxis gamzrdeli
unda iyos da amasTan imisTana Semaqcevaric aris,rom ukeTesi mxares adamianisas fexs
aadgmevinebs,frTas aSllevinebs.”82gv(24)
ilia scenis daniSnulebad or rames miiCnevs:pirveli is rom scena unda iyos
Wkua-gonebis ganmanaTlebeli da mwvrTneli da meore is unda iyo adgili
sadac SesaZlebeli iqneba Cvenma saTayvanebelma qarTulma enam frTa
gaSalos da fexze wamodges.
qarTul scenas meTaurobda dauRalavi qarTveli moRvawe dimitri yifiani.ilias
azriT masze ukeTesad veravin gauZRveboda am saqmes. “man Zalian kargad
icis, ra Zvirfasi ram aris xalxisTvis scena,roca igi am or zemoaRniSnul sagans
emsaxureba.TviTon im TxzulbaTA amorCeva,romelTAc d.yifiani stargmnis xolme,cxadad
gvimtkicebs,rom mas scena miaCnia im did Skolad saca ostatad mowveulni unda iyvnen,
imisTana saxelovani kacni,rogorc Seqspiri da molieri da sxva mravali maTi mimdevari
gamoCenili mwerali.”(82gv.25)
“80-wlebSi qarTuli Teatri gadaiqca erovnul tribunad.Cveni inteligenciis korifeebi erT-erT
dasayrdens erovnuli kulturis dacvisTvis brZolaSi saTeatro muSaobas xedavdnen.amiT
19. aixsneba TviT ilia WavWavaZisa da akaki wereTlis moRvaweoba qarTul TeatrSi.isini
Taosnobdnen qarTul dramatul sazogadoebas,magram Teatris arseboba da misi
warmateba mxolod scenis ostatebs SeeZloT uzrunvelyoT.80-iani wlebis dasawyisSi
gamoCndnen scenis ubadlo ostatebi- vaso abaSiZe, lado mesxiSvili,val.gunia, nato
gabunia, mako safarova-abaSiZe,romlebmac Seqmnes namdvili qarTuli Teatri.”(351gv.26)
sayuradReboa is faqtic rom kapitalisturi urTierToba,saqalaqo cxovreba
gamoxatulebas poulobs am dros qarTul scenaze. TeatrSi ZiriTadi aqcentebi
keTdeboda iseT nawarmoebebze, sadac gamoxatuli iqneboda saqarTvelos
istoriuli warsuli.
1882 wels,zamTris sezonSi, TbilisSi qarTul TeatrSi kote yifianis,kote mesxisa
da el.mesxiSvilis monawileobiT daidga daviT eristavis piesa
“samSoblo”,romelic exeba brZolas dampyroblis Sah-abasis
winaaRmdeg,samSoblos Tavisuflebisa da politikuri damoukideblobisaTvis.
roca scenaze aRimarTa erovnuli droSa,romlis winaSe Tavdadebul brZolas gmirebi ficiT
aRTqvamdnen,mTeli Teatri fexze wamodga, aRtacebuli xalxi taSs ukravda erovnuli
Tavisuflebis simbolos.aqa iq qviTini gaisma(352gv.27.klde)
Tuki gadavxedavT 1871 wels Jurnal mnaTobSi dabeWdil Sinaur
mimoxilvas,romlis avtoricaa kuxeli, davinaxavT,rom 80ian wlebSi bevrad ufro aqtiuri
da Tavisufalia Teatri vidre 70-ian wlebSi. sazogadoebas naklebad aRelvebda
Teatris bedi,isini ar fiqrobdnen Tu raoden didi roli akisria Teatrs adamianebis
cxovrebaSi.amas isic emateboda rom voroncovis gardacvalebis Semdeg
qalebi eridebodnen scenaze gamosvlas amitom msaxiobebi iZulebulebi
iyvnen somexi artistebi eqiravebinaT. “Cveni Teatris mdgomareoba,rogorc uwyi
20. mkiTxvelo, sazogadod Zalian uxeiroa. .. es garemoeba imias amtkicebs, rom Cvens
sazogadoebas friad mcire yuradReba aqvs mipyrobili Tavis Teatrzed.(29gv28)
Aam scenis moyvareebma am ukanasknel erT weliwadSi rva Sinauri qarTuli warmodgena
moaxdines moTamaSeT da mayurebelT erTmaneTSi fsonis gamoRebiT.amgvari scena
aris scena mcire wlovaneba, siyrme da amitom ar SeiZleba ar gvakvirvebdes da
gvaocebdes is garemoeba rom Cveni Teatri,uwindel dros gadarbaisleburi da sazogado
saxalxod gamosuli,sazogdoebis samoZRvreblad da Sesaqcevad, am Jamad, imis
naclad,rom ufro warmatebaSi Sesuliyo,ise dapataravda dadamcirda,rom Tavis simciris
gamo Signi-Sigan imaleba, matantalobs da aqa-iq samadlod afarebs Tavs.(29gvkuxeli29)
“Sinauri mimoxilvis” Tebervlis werilis ilia optimisturad amTavrebs vinaidan erTi
sasixarulo ambavi qarTuli Teatris amoqmedeba da winsvla daiwyo.
rac Seexeba ivlisi-agvistos Sinaur mimoxilvebs aq ilia axal problemze
saubrobs,kerZod Jurnalistebze,romelTac mza-mzareuli uyvarT yvelaferi da ar
undaT tvinis ganZreva,yvela imaze fiqrobs Tu rogor da visgan gadaiweros
raime.Sinaur saqmeSi ki gadawera da sxvisi azrebis misakuTreba aravis
gamouva,vinaidan es iseTi sakiTxia,rom aucilebelia mxolod sakuTari azris
qona. “Sinauri saqme iseTi sagania,romlisTvisac jer xeli aravis uxlia,romelzedac
araviTArs msjelobas,araviTars mosazrebas,aravitars daskvnas sxva qveynebis literaturaSi
ver inaxulebT pirdapir da moWriT.romelzedac maSasadame gindaT Tu ara Tqveni azri
unda iqonioT da romelic Tqvenis sakuTari zomiT unda gazomoT,Tqvenis sakuTaris WkuiT
unda gaanaToT”(ivlisi ag30)
ilia Seqspiris sityvebs iSveliebs “araraisgan ar iqnebis araraica” da
ganmartavs,rom Tuki tvini dabadebidanve ar aris SeCveuli msjelobas verafers
ityvis,sakutari azri ar eqneba da yovelTvis sxvaze damokidebuli
21. iqneba.SeiZleba im momentSi aseTi adamiani sasowarkveTas mieces
magram samwuxarod ara didi xniT,maleve daiviwyebs am ambavs da ar
Seecdeba,rom raime gamoasworos.saocrad aRwera iliam adamianis tvini da
goneba “tvinis sadgurSi erTi mivardnili kunWulia,saca erTi brma niWi adaminisa
binadrobs.is niWi tvirTTa-mzidvel saxedariviT yovelTvis morCilia,qvevris Tviseba aqvs:rac
erTxel CagiZaxia imas yovelTvis amoiZaxebs da saxelad qvian mexsiereba”(31)
Tumca ilia Sesandobrad Tvlis “Jurnalistebis siRaribes” vinaidan iseT
qveyanaSi cxovroben sadac qveyana “xavs mokidebul gubes gavs” ilia
cxovrebas zurg-gadaRletil da davardnil pirutyvs adarebs,romelic kuTxeSi gdia
da imiT irCens sicocxles,rom mxolod icoxneba.”Tu droTa brunva wixls daaWers,
maSin moZraobasac iCens,magram mxolod miT,rom erTi yrud daibRavlebs,erTi
gverdidam meoreze fxanviT gadabrundeba da isev uwindebulad TvlemiT da arxeinaT
coxnas moyveba,miTam araferi arc etkinao arc ezianao”(84gv.32)ilia am sitvebiT xalxs
mimarTavda da gamofxizlebisaken mouwodebda.isini ki ar cxovrobdnen,
armed arsebobdnen, maT ar SeeZloT daefiqsirebinaT sakuTari
azri,gamoexataT sakuTari protesti,ar qondaT winaaRmdegobis gawevis
unari.aseT sazogadoebaSi bunebrivia gauWirdebaT Jurnalistebs muSaoba.es
iyo cocxal-mkvdari qveyana da dadumebuli myinvarwveri.
Semdegi problema romelzec ilia am werilSi saubrobs,momaval Taobas da
maT swavla-ganaTlebas.
Aagvistos Tvis miwuruls saganmanaTleblo saswavleblebis karebTan 1500-ze
meti ymawvili idga,maTgan mxolod orasma Sedga codnis taZarSi fexi. ilia ar
uSvebs im azrs,rom yovelwliurad amdeni ymawvili darCes saswavleblis
22. miRma. samxedro gimnaziaSi abarebda ufro meti raodenobis bavSvi,magram
samwuxarod iqidanac mravli dabrunda saxlSi xelmocaruli,vinaidan vakansiebi
ar yofila. “kavkasiis mxedrobisaA mimarT gancxadebSi#48 moxseniebulia,rom
saxelmwifo xarjiT wels unda miRebuliyvnen ocni, ded-mamis xarjiT xuTni,da ise Sinidam
mosiaruled cxra,-sul ocdaToTxmeti ymawvili.am saxiT gamodis,rom samxedro gimnaziis
pansiomSi darComilia eqvsi vakansia,sami saxelmwifos xarjzed da sami ded-mamis
xarjzed da danarCen ocdarva vakansiidam cameti Cveneburebs dauWeriaT da xuTmeti
rusebs”(33)aqdan gamomdinare darCenili iyo eqvsi vakansia,romelsac vin
Seavsebda aravin icoda.ra Tqma unda eqvsi vakansia zRvaSi
wveTia,imasTan SedarebiT ramdeni Cabarebis msurvelic aris,magram
sainteresoa vis Seunaxes es eqvsi adgili.amasTanave unda aRiniSnos
isic,rom ruseTis samxedro gimnaziaSi qarTvelebs aRar iRebdnen,radgan
saqarTveloSi arsebobda.saboloo jamSi bevris mdomel qarTvelebs cotac ki
daekargaT. Amitomac ilia mouwodebs qarTvelebs Tavad daarson
saswavleblebi, es ki SesaZlebeli iqneba Tuki qarTvelebi erTmaneTs mxarSi
amoudgebian,erTad gaiReben Rvawlsa da Sromas.
“Tu Tqvenis SvilebisTvis marTla sikeTe gindaT,-Tu gindaT rom Tqvenma qveyanam
Tqveni saxeli locviT da kurTxeviT moixsenios,am azris aRsasruleblad nuras
dazogavT,nuras daiSurebT.nu SeuSindebiT imas,rom gimnazias didi gaZRola unda ese igi
didi fuli da xarji.TviToeulma rom cot-cota gamoviRoT,yvelasgan erTad sakmarisi fuli
Sedgeba,natqvamia;zRvac wveTisgan Sedgebao”(85gv34)marto am sityvebiT rom
vmsjeloT iliaze,davinaxavT ra didebuli adaminia,rogori patrioti sakuTari
qveynis,rogori mosiyvarule sakuTari momavlis.naTlad Cans am sityvebSi
wadili saswavleblis daarsebis da momavlis gadarCenis.
23. im periodSi Sedga e.w komisia ymawvilebis aRzrda-ganaTlebasTan
dakavSirebiT, romelTac daevalaT saswavleblis wesdebis Sedgena.Tumca
rogorc ilia ambobs “saqme imiT gaTavda riTac SCedrinisa ar iyos-yovelive saqme
Tavdeba xolme ruseTSi ese igi amoirCies komisia da miandes aramc Tu marto wesdebis
Sedgena,aramed Cvenis survilis saganic gansazRvreTo Cveulebisamebr-Cveuleba xom
rjulze umtkicesia,rogorc mogexsenebaT komisiis kalTaSi CaiZinebs es saqme “Rrma ZiliT”
ase rom zarbazniTac rom miadgeT bolos iqneba verc ki gamoaRviZoT.”(35)
ilias Zalian Sestkiva guli imis Taobaze,rom iseTi saqme rogric upatrono
axalgazrdebis swavla-ganaTlebaa ugulisyurod datoves da saqme bolomde ar
miiyvanes. Ffaqtiurad masxrad igdebs xalxs mTavroba da arafris gakeTebis
saSualebas ar aZlevs.
Aamrigad ilia publicisturi werilebis am ciklSi saubrobs yvela im
problemaze,rac ki arsebobda im droindel saqarTveloSi. osmalos
saqarTvelosa da aWaraSi mimdinare movlenebze,enis ar codnasa da
saswavleblebis uqonlobaze, xelisuflebaze maT TviTnebobaze, yvelaferze rac
ki xdeboda saqarTvelos SigniT. marTali ilia1886 wels “iveriaSi’ werda, “Cvens
gazeTSi Sinauri saqmeebis Sesaxeb mimoxilva ar ibeWdeba, imitom rom
unda swero muxas vaSli asxiao rac arc saweradaa sasiamovno da arc
sasmenad, mTel agebulebas TiTqos sidable damarTia” “iveria”1886weli #15.
Mmagram miuxedavad amisa ilia SeZlebisdagvarad mainc werda rac
awuxebda,cdilobda sakuTari xalxisTvis xma miewvdina gazeTis
furclebidan,sul imis cdaSi iyo xalxi gamoefxizlebina.
24. Ddasasruls, SeuZlebelia gverdi avuaroT wrils “vis naTessa vmkiT” vinaidan
es werili faqtobrivad jamia zemoT xsenebuli sami werilisa(Sinauri
mimoxilvebi-ianvari,Tebervali,ivlisi-agvisto).ilias mxolod werilebi ki ar unda
wavikiTxoT erTxel da orjer aramed misi TiToeuli sityva,arsi striqonebs Sua
unda veZeboT,vinaidan masSi didi filosofiaa Caqsovili.
“ai moswyda kidev erTi weliwadi awmyosa da mierTo im veSapsa,romelsac warsuls
eZaxian da romelsac amodena dro da Jami gadauylapavs da mounelebia.wavida Zveli
weliwadi da movida axali.romeli erTi mogilocoT mkiTxvelo Zvelis wasvla Tu axlis mosvla?
adamianTa cxovreba sazogadod da Cveni sakuTriv,rom rigianad agebuli iyos, da
TavisTavad mimavali, Zvels unda raime sikeTe daeTesa,rom axals exeirebina,radganac
wesierad mowyobil cxovrebaSi dRevandeli dRe Svilia guSindeis da dedaa xvalisa.”(vis
naTessa mkis820gv.36)
Aai kidev ratom vfiqrob rom es werili aris winamdebare samis analizi. “Tumca
ase gagvicrua guliaTasma magaliTebma,bevrma unayofod Cavlilma da movlenilma
weliwadma,magram simarTle gvaiZulebs vTqvaT,rom es ukanaskneli oTxi-xuTi weliwadi
rogorRac cotad Tu bevrad sanugeSo iyvnen.nametnavad es Zveli1879mweli
RirsSesaniSnavi weliwadi iyo CvenTvis da qarTvelma mematianem rom am weliwads
mxari auqcios,ar unda epativos. Aam weliwadma cxadis magaliTebiT dagvimtkica,rom
qarTvelobam aqamdis erTmaneTzed daSorebulma,aqamdis cal-calke
moarulma,igrZno,rom egret yofna mwvadsac wvavs da Samfursaca,TviToeuls kacsac
avnebs sa mTel sazogadoebasac.igrZno es tkivili da malamoc upova.igrZno.rom Rone
erTobaSia,erT Tav-moyraSi,erTad sarTo uRelis wevaSi,erTmaneTis mxaris micemaSi.”(
sami umniSvnelovanesi faqti moxda 1879 wels:gaixsna TbilisSi qarTuli
skola,sadac aswavlidnen iakob gogebaSvilis deda-enas, daarsda wera-
kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoeba da mesame Sesdga qarTuli Teatris dasi.
25. Dda sabolood minda vTqva,rom iliasTvis marTlac umniSvnelovanesia misi
ukvdavi fraza “mamuli, ena, sarwmunoeba”.
Mmisi dawerili publicisturi werilebi Zalian ergeba dRevandel realobas,
TiTqmis igive problemebia dResac, rac erTi saukunis win iyo. saWiroa
qarTvelebi skolis periodSi swavlobdnen ilias aramarto nawarmoebebs aramed
werilebsac, vinaidan iswavlon fiqri, Semdeg am fiqris saSualebiT cxovrebazec
ifiqron,gaigon ra aris codna da Sromis,usisxlo omi,icodnen sakuTari qveynis
istoria,rom Semdeg srulyofil pirovnebebad Camoyalibdnen. samwuxaroa,rom
ilias ase Tu ise, SedarebiT ukeT sxvebisgan,is axalgazrdebi
icnoben,romelTac spaecialobad Jurnalistika aqvT amorCeuli, arada ilia da mis
nawarmoebebi xom yvelasia, marto qarTvelis ki ara, igi mTeli msofliosia.
da bolos mindoda gansxvavebebi mepovna dRevandelsa da ilias droindel
saqarTvelos Soris da samwuxarod saukunuze meti gavida da TiTqmis isev im
doneze varT,isev myinvars vxedav dRevandelobaSi, umoZraobas,sicives.
vai rom aravin gvyavs ilianairi dRes, rom dagvarigos,gvanugeSos
gviSvelos,xalxi gamoafxizlos. D
Ddid xans vfiqrobdi sad damesva wertili Cem referatze, mere imas vfiqrobdi
wertili unda damesva Tu Zaxilis niSani ,magram wina or abzacs,rom
gadavxede, mivxvdi rom unda “gameZarcva” ilia da meTqva TqvenTvis aba
sxva “ra giTxraT?riT gagaxaroT?
