- What's Malware - Spyware, Adware, Backdoor - What's A Computer Virus - Why Computer Malware(Virus) - How Viruses Are Created - How Viruses Are Spread - Types Of Malware - Types Of Viruses - How To Detect A Malware(Virus) - How To Protect Yourself - Top Anti-Virus Programs - BuzzWords - Bottom Line

1. Computer Viruses & Management Strategies
Dasun Hegoda
Software Engineer

2. What we are going to talk
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What's Malware
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Spyware, Adware, Backdoor
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What's A Computer Virus
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Why Computer Malware(Virus)
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How Viruses Are Created
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How Viruses Are Spread
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Types Of Malware
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Types Of Viruses

3. What we are going to talk
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How To Detect A Malware(Virus)
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How To Protect Yourself
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Top Anti-Virus Programs
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BuzzWords
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Bottom Line

4. Malware Definitions

5. Malware Definitions
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Malware, short for malicious software, is software used to
disrupt computer operation, gather sensitive information,
or gain access to private computer systems.
It can appear in the form of code, scripts, active content,
and other software.
Malware includes computer viruses, ransomware, worms,
trojan horses, rootkits, keyloggers, dialers, spyware,
adware, malicious BHOs, rogue security software and
other malicious programs.

6. Spyware, Adware, Backdoor

7. Spyware
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Spyware is malicious computer program that does exactly what
its name implies Eg:, spies on you.
After downloading itself onto your computer either through an
email you opened, website you visited or a program you
downloaded, spyware scans your hard drive for personal
information and your internet browsing habits.
Some spyware programs contain keyloggers that will record
personal data you enter in to websites, such as your login
usernames and passwords, email addresses, browsing history as
well as sensitive banking and credit information.
Some spyware can interfere with your computer's system
settings, which can result in a slower internet connection.

8. Adware
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Adware is any software that, once installed on your
computer, tracks your internet browsing habits and
sends you popups containing advertisements related to
the sites and topics you've visited.
While this type of software may sound innocent, and
even helpful, it consumes and slows down your
computer's processor and internet connection speed.
Additionally, some adware has keyloggers and spyware
built into the program, leading to greater damage to
your computer and possible invasion of your private
data.

9. Backdoor
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A backdoor is a method of bypassing normal
authentication procedures.
Once a system has been compromised one or more
backdoors maybe installed in order to allow easier access
in the future.
Backdoors may also be installed prior to malicious
software, to allow attackers entry.
Crackers typically use backdoors to secure remote access
to a computer, while attempting to remain hidden from
casual inspection.

10. Computer Virus Definitions

11. What's A Computer Virus
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A computer virus is a type of malware that, when
executed, replicates by inserting copies of itself
(possibly modified) into other computer programs, data
files, or the boot sector of the hard drive; when this
replication succeeds, the affected areas are then said to
be "infected".
Viruses often perform some type of harmful activity on
infected hosts, such as stealing hard disk space or CPU
time, accessing private information, corrupting data,
displaying political or humorous messages on the user's
screen, spamming their contacts, or logging their
keystrokes.

12. What's A Computer Virus
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The defining characteristic of viruses is that they are
self-replicating computer programs which install
themselves without the user's consent.
Virus writers use social engineering and exploit detailed
knowledge of security vulnerabilities to gain access to
their hosts' computing resources.
The vast majority of viruses (over 99%) target systems
running Microsoft Windows, employing a variety of
mechanisms to infect new hosts, and often using
complex anti-detection/stealth strategies to evade
antivirus software.

13. World 1st Computer Virus
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The first ever computer virus was developed in 1986 by
two Pakistani brothers in Lahore Pakistan.
It was named “Brain” and was designed by Amjad
Farooq Alvi and Basit Farooq Alvi with the intention of
discouraging the piracy of a software written by them.

14. Why Computer Malware(Virus)

15. Why Computer Malware(Virus)
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Seeking profit
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Desire to send a political message
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Personal amusement
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To demonstrate that a vulnerability exists in software
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For sabotage and denial of service
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To explore evolutionary algorithms
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Cause systems failures.
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Steal information.
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To prove a point, to prove it can be done, to prove ones
skill or for revenge purposes.

16. How Viruses Are Created

17. How Viruses Are Created
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The first step is that someone will create the virus.
The 2nd step is to pick out the program that the person
wants to attach to.
The 3rd step is attaching the virus to the program.
The 4th step is to try to lure or advertise the program,
so someone will download it in to your computer.
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The 5th step is to have the virus get in to the computer.
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The 6th step is to infect the computer.
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The 7th step is to destroy all of the files on the
computer & more.

18. How Viruses Are Spread

19. How Viruses Are Spread
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Email attachments
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Rogue Websites
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Networks
Instant Messaging
Fake Anti Virus
Software
Infected Boot Disks
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From Mobile Devices
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Phishing Schemes
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Friends and Relatives
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Infected Software
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Hackers
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20. Types Of Malware

21. Types Of Malware
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Trojan horses : A Trojan horse is simply a computer
program. The program claims to do one thing (it may
claim to be a game) but instead does damage when
you run it (it may erase your hard disk). Trojan horses
have no way to replicate automatically.
Worms : A worm is a small piece of software that uses
computer networks and security holes to replicate itself.
A copy of the worm scans the network for another
machine that has a specific security hole. It copies itself
to the new machine using the security hole, and then
starts replicating from there, as well.

22. Types Of Malware
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Viruses : A virus is a small piece of software that
piggybacks on real programs. For example, a virus
might attach itself to a program such as a spreadsheet
program. Each time the spreadsheet program runs, the
virus runs, too, and it has the chance to reproduce (by
attaching to other programs).

23. Types Of Malware
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E-mail viruses : An e-mail virus travels as an
attachment to e- mail messages, and usually replicates
itself by automatically mailing itself to dozens of people
in the victim's e-mail address book. Some e-mail
viruses don't even require a double-click -- they launch
when you view the infected message in the preview
pane of your e-mail software

24. Types Of Viruses

25. Types Of Viruses
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Boot Sector Virus
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Browser Hijacker
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Direct Action Virus
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File Infector Virus
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Macro Virus
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Multipartite Virus
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Polymorphic Virus
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Resident Virus
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Web Scripting Virus

26. How To Detect A Virus

27. How To Detect A Malware(Virus)?
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Programs takes longer to load.
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The programs sizes keep changing.
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The drive light keeps flashing when you are not doing
anything(Loading).
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User created files have strange names.
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The computer doesn't remember CMOS settings.
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System crashes for no reason.
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Screen sometimes flicker.
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Files/directories sometimes disappear.

28. How To Detect A Malware(Virus)?
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It might change the power ratings of your computer and
could blast the system.
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You cannot print items correctly.
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Disks or disk drives are inaccessible.
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Applications on the computer do not work correctly.
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Strange sounds or music plays from the speakers
unexpectedly.
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Computer restarts every few minutes automatically.
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…........

29. How To Protect Yourself

30. How To Protect Yourself
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Use Antivirus Programs
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Use Firewalls
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Make Passwords Encrypted
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Scan your PC Daily
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Switch off net when not using
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Don’t download software from unknown source
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Disable Auto run
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Read reviews before installing software

31. How To Protect Yourself
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Download anti-spyware program
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Don’t open e-mail that you are not sure
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Keep backups
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Keep OS up to date
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Scan removable storages

32. Top Anti-Virus Programs

33. Top Anti-Virus Programs
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Bitdefender Antivirus
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Kaspersky Anti-Virus
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Norton AntiVirus
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F-Secure Anti-Virus
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AVG Anti-Virus
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Avast! Pro Antivirus
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McAfee AntiVirus
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Panda Antivirus Pro

34. Buzzwords

35. FireWalls
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A firewall is a software or hardware-based network
security system that controls the incoming and
outgoing network traffic by analyzing the data packets
and determining whether they should be allowed
through or not, based on applied rule set.
Firewalls can be defined in many ways according to
your level of understanding. A firewall establishes a
barrier between a trusted, secure internal network and
another network (e.g., the Internet) that is not assumed
to be secure and trusted.

36. FireWalls

37. Antivirus software
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Antivirus, anti-virus, or AV software is computer software used
to prevent, detect and remove malicious computer viruses.
Most software described as antivirus also works against other
types of malware, such as malicious Browser Helper Objects
(BHOs), browser hijackers, ransomware, keyloggers,
backdoors, rootkits, trojan horses, worms, malicious LSPs,
dialers, fraudtools, adware and spyware.
Computer security, including protection from social
engineering techniques, is commonly offered in products and
services of antivirus software companies.

38. Boot sector
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A boot sector or boot block is a region of a hard disk,
floppy disk, optical disc, or other data storage device
that contains machine code to be loaded into randomaccess memory (RAM) by a computer system's built-in
firmware.
The purpose of a boot sector is to allow the boot
process of a computer to load a program (usually, but
not necessarily, an operating system) stored on the
same storage device.

39. Encryption
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Encryption is the process of encoding messages (or
information) in such a way that third parties cannot read
it, but only authorized parties can.
Encryption doesn't prevent hacking but it prevents the
hacker from reading the data that is encrypted.
The message or information (referred to as plaintext) is
encrypted using an encryption algorithm, turning it into
an unreadable ciphertext.

40. That's It!!!

41. Bottom Line
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Computer viruses currently cause billions of dollars
worth of economic damage each year, due to causing
systems failure, wasting computer resources,
corrupting data, increasing maintenance costs, etc.
In response, free, open-source anti-virus tools have
been developed, and a multi-billion dollar industry of
anti-virus software vendors has cropped up, selling
virus protection to Windows users. Unfortunately, no
currently existing anti-virus software is able to catch all
computer viruses.

42. References
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www.makeuseof.com/tag/types-computer-viruses-watch/