This document outlines objectives related to analyzing the effects of territorial expansion and the admission of new states to the Union in the early-to-mid 19th century United States. It also describes growth of nationalism and sectionalism as reflected in art, literature and language, and distinguishes between economic and social issues that led to these phenomena. Finally, it assesses political events, issues and personalities that contributed to sectionalism and nationalism, and evaluates the role of religion in debates over slavery and other social movements.

2. Objectives
2.01 Analyze the effects of territorial expansion and the admission
of new states to the Union.
2.02 Describe how the growth of nationalism and sectionalism
were reflected in art, literature, and language.
2.03 Distinguish between the economic and social issues that led to
sectionalism and nationalism.
2.04 Assess political events, issues, and personalities that
contributed to sectionalism and nationalism.
2.05 Identify the major reform movements and evaluate their
effectiveness.
2.06 Evaluate the role of religion in the debate over slavery and
other social movements and issues.

3. POTUS No. 9:
William Henry
Harrison,
Mar 4 - Apr 4, 1841

4. POTUS No. 10:
John Tyler, 1841-1845
His Accidency

5. Aroostook War, 1839-1842
Maine, USA vs. New Brunswick, Canada

6. Republic of Texas,
1836-1845
Steven Austin Sam Houston
(1793-1836) (1793-1863)

7. Republic of Texas, 1836-1845

8. Remember the Alamo!

9. Election of 1840
James K. Polk, VS. Henry Clay,
Dem Whig

10. “JAMES K. POLK”
by They Might Be Giants
In 1844 the Democrats were split
The three nominees for the presidential candidate
Were Martin Van Buren, a former president and
an abolitionist
James Buchanan, a moderate
Lewis Cass, a general and expansionist
From Nashville came a dark horse riding up
He was James K. Polk, Napoleon of the Stump!

11. Austere, severe, he held few people dear
His oratory filled his foes with fear
The factions soon agreed
He's just the man we need
To bring about victory
Fulfill our Manifest Destiny
And annex the land the Mexicans command
And when the votes were cast the winner was
Mr. James K. Polk, Napoleon of the Stump!

12. Goals of Polk’s Administration
1. Lower tariff.
2. Resolve Oregon dispute.
3. Restore independent treasury.
4. Acquire California.

13. In four short years he met his every goal
He seized the whole southwest from Mexico
Made sure the tariffs fell
And made the English sell the Oregon Territory
He built an independent treasury
Having done all this he sought no second term
But precious few have mourned the passing of
Mr. James K. Polk, our eleventh president
“Young Hickory,” Napoleon of the Stump!

14. 1844 Election Results

15. Manifest
Destiny
starring
POTUS No. 11:
James K. Polk,
1845-1849

16. “Manifest Destiny”
John O’Sullivan, 1845:
".... the right of our manifest destiny to over
spread and to possess the whole of the continent
… for the development of the great experiment
of liberty ... It is right such as that of the tree to
the space of air and the earth suitable for the full
expansion of its principle and destiny of
growth."

17. “American Progress” by John Gast, 1872

18. Trails
West

19. The Oregon Trail – Albert Bierstadt, 1869

20. Oregon:
54º 40’,
or Fight!

21. Overland Immigration to the West
1840-1860: 250,000+ went west

22. “Texas Coming In”

23. The Bear Flag Republic
June 14, 1845
John C.
Frémont

24. Slidell Mission, Nov 1845
 Sought Mex recognition of Rio
Grande as border
 US to cover American citizens’
claims against Mexican gov
 US purchase of NM for $5,000,000
 US purchase of CA for $30,000,000
John Slidell

25. Mexican-American War, 1846-1848

26. Gen. Zachary Taylor at Palo Alto
“Old Rough and Ready”

27. Scott Enters Mexico City
Gen. Winfield Scott, “Old Fuss and Feathers”

28. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848
• Mexico ceded:
• Texas above Rio Grande
• New Mexico
• California
• U. S. paid $15,000,000 and claims of American
citizens against Mexico ($3,500,000)

29. Mexican-American War Results
1. 17-mo. war cost $100,000,000 and 13,000+
American lives
2. 1 m. sq. mi. of land; 1/3 of Mexico  SW USA
• Upset balance between N and S
• Forced expansion of slavery to center of
national politics
3. partial Manifest Destiny
4. Taylor and Scott  Whig presidential candidates
5. Lee, Grant, Sherman, et al gain war experience

30. The Mexican Cession

31. 1848 Election
√

32. GOLD! At Sutter’s Mill, 1848
John A. Sutter

33. California Gold Rush, 1849
49er’s

34. Digging for Gold in California

35. Gadsen Purchase, 1853
$10,000,000 for S AZ to build railroad

36. Expansionist Young America in the 1850s
Attempts to complete William Walker
Manifest Destiny

37. Westward the Course of Empire
Emmanuel Leutze, 1860