Eco analyzes different forms of repetition in mass media such as remakes, series, and sagas. He identifies two key characteristics of aesthetically successful works based on a modern conception: they achieve a balance between order/scheme and novelty/innovation, and transmit this balance perceptibly to the consumer. Ultimately, Eco argues mass media can achieve artistic value through inherently aesthetic uses of repetition.

2. vs. Post-modern Modern

3. Modern Original Innovative Beautiful Good tokens Everlasting type Provocative proposal of a new world vision

4. Post-modern Pleasurable More or less successful tokens A given model or type Product of industry Alien to artistic invention

5. Ultimately mass-media was judged as pleasurable but non-artistic. This“excessive pleasurability, repetition, lack of innovation” equated mass-media to the products of industry and “serial production” which “was considered . . . alien to the artistic invention” (Eco 162).

9. The Remake

10. The Series

11. The Saga

13. A restricted number of pivotal characters;

14. Pivotal characters are an axis for secondary characters;

15. Secondary characters give the impression the story is new;

17. Eco writes “the saga differs from the series insofar as it concerns the story of a family and is interested in the ‘historical’ lapse of time. It’s genealogical” (169).

18. Ultimately, the Saga is a series in disguise that appears to celebrate the passage of time through the repetition of the same story; however, the story is repeated through a either a continuous or tree-like lineage of characters (169).

20. A restricted genealogy of pivotal characters;

21. Pivotal characters are an axis for the passage of time;

22. Aged Pivotal and Secondary characters give the impression the story is new;

24. Eco derives two main characteristics of aesthetically well-done work based on the “modern” conception of aesthetic value (173).

25. The text must achieve a dialectic between order and novelty-in other words, between scheme and innovation; The dialectic must be perceived by the consumer, who must not only grasp the contents of the message, but also the way in which the message transmits those contents(174).

26. Eco writes “This being the case [the two main characteristics], nothing prevents the types of repetition listed above from achieving the conditions necessary to the realization of aesthetic value” (174).

27. Ultimately, Eco proves there is a role for post-modern mass-media in culture as well as an inherent, aesthetically pleasing, artistic value to post-modern mass-media.

28. Works Cited Eco, Umberto. “Innovation and Repetition: Between Modern and Post-Modern Aesthetics.” Daedalus 114.4 (1985): 161-84. The MIT Press. Web. 11 Jan 2011.

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