1. Written by Durresi, Paruchuri and Barolli
2008

2. Why?
Fighting with a large
army under your
command is nowise
different from fighting
with a small one: it is
merely a question of
instituting signs and
signals.
- Sun Tzu, The Art of
War
Battlefield 2
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Screenshot

3. The Challenge
 Wireless Adhoc Networks have many military uses
 Traditional platforms (mica2, micaz) are not secure
 How do we fix these issues?
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4. Overview
What problems does this paper address?
The objective is to make a secure ad hoc wireless
network.
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5. Related Work
 Protocols for directional antennas – Energy savings
 Optical networks – Last mile fix?
 Previous work does not focus on security aspect but on
performance
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6. Antenna Design
 Mica2/Micaz platform – omnidirectional dipole
antenna.
 These radiate in a doughnut shape pattern
Source: Antennatheory.com
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7. Directional Antennas
 Patch Antenna
 Horn Antenna
 Dish Antenna
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8. Beamwidth
 How wide of an area the signal can be received
 θ = Angle of radiation
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9. Propagation
 Transmitted power decays as R-a
 a varies between 2 & 4 depending on the medium
 Received Power:
 Gain of the transmitter:
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10. Network Architecture
 Hybrid means that we will have both wireless and
optical connection
Optical: means that we will need to lay fiber.
Pros: Fast, latency free, secure; Cons: Hard to deploy
“AP” – Access Point
Wireless: Steerable, Assume has GPS to locate
“MN” – Mobile Node
Red Zones: Enemy listeners or even jammers
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11. Network Architecture
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12. Stealthy Communications
 Each MN has info about AP Locations; other MNs
 Public Key distribution of all nodes
 MN calculates location of closest AP based on location
 Routing Tables
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13. Stealthy Performance
Probability of detection:
With one node:
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14. Stealthy Performance
 Of multiple nodes:
(200m range): (100m range):
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15. Conclusions
 Hybrid Stealthy Communications Protocol (HSCP) is
able to minimize detection to around .5% when there
are multiple eavesdroppers.
 Change power of the MN to receive even better stealth.
 This protocol can be used in the battlefield to reach
our original goal.
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16. David Drager - CSE 603 Spring 2009 16

17. Questions?
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