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[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Puberty menopause Child –bearing period menstruation pregnancy

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object]

Menstrual cycle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

PURPOSE & REQUIREMENT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Hypothalamus Pituitary Ovary endometrium

[object Object],[object Object],Pituitary gland

Pituitary Hormones ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Pituitary hormones gonadotropins

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Gonadotropins

Ganodotropin secretory pattern

[object Object],Negative feedback

[object Object],[object Object],negative effect positive feedback

positive feedback negative effect negative effect During the luteal phase, both LH and FSH are significantly suppressed through the negative feedback effect of elevated circulating estradiol and progesterone levels.

positive feedback negative effect negative effect ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

prolactin ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

GnRH ( gonadotropin-releasing hormone)

Several mechanisms control the secretion of GnRH ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],PIF

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Estrogens ,[object Object],[object Object]

Effects on female genitalia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Estrogens

Progestins ,[object Object],[object Object]

Effects on female genitalia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Progestins

Androgens ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],Primordial follicle

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Graafian follicle

[object Object],[object Object],?

ovulation ,[object Object],Follicle

[object Object],[object Object],ovulation

Human oocyte-corona-cumulus complex

Luteinization and corpus luteum ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Histophysiology of the Endometrium

Endometrium ,[object Object],[object Object]

Cyclic changes in histophysiology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Menstrual phase ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Proliferative phase ,[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],Proliferative phase

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Proliferative phase Endometrium of proliferative phase

Secretory phase ,[object Object]

Secretory phase ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Spermatogenesis, sperm capacitation, and fertilization

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],sperm

More than 15% of which should be morphologically normal.

sperm oocyte ,[object Object],[object Object],corona First PB ovum zona

The overlying plasma membrane becomes unstable and eventually breaks down, releasing Hyaluronidase corona-dispersing enzyme.

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

4-cell 8-cell blastocyst Implanted blastocyst

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