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The marvellous world of RADIATES
1. The marvellous world of RADIATES A Moorhead / Lunatics Anonymous Production MMVIII
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8. 3 The Silver Radiates AD 238-60 (Reece Period 12) Re-introduced by Balbinus and Pupienus (238) – rare! Balbinus PIETAS MVTVA AVGG, Rome mint
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10. 3. Philip I and Philip II AD 244-9 Base silver radiate of Phillip I, LAET FVNDATA, mint of Rome, 244-7, Stogursey, Somerset (SOM-420972) Note: the Nose and beard! Base silver radiate of Philip II, as Caesar, PRINCIPI IVVENT, Mint of Rome, 245-6, Twycross, Leics. (LEIC-21A411) Note: more baby-faced!
11. 3. Otacilia Severa (wife of Philip I (244-9) Silver radiate of Otacilia Severa, Mint of Rome, CONCORDIA AVGG, c. 246-8. Note the crescent moon behind the bust; the female version of the radiate crown (Leics - LEIC-8C9CF7)
12. 3.Trajan Decius and family (249-51) Silver radiate of Trajan Decius, Rome, VICTORIA AVG; Chesterton, Oxon (Hamp422)
21. 3: Gallienus, Joint Reign, son of Valerian, 253-60 DEO MARTI, Lyon Coins from Lyon for Valerian and family are the most commonly found in Britain
22. 3: Salonina, wife of Gallienus (Joint Reign, 253-60) FELICITAS PVBLICA, Lyon Coins from Lyon for Valerian and family are the most commonly found in Britain
23. 3: Valerian II, son of Gallienus, 256-8 IOVI CRESCENTI, Rome
24. 3: Saloninus, son of Gallienus, 258-9 PIETAS AVG, Lyon mint Coins from Lyon for Valerian and family are the most commonly found in Britain
27. Cunetio Hoard of over 55,000 3 rd century coins: latest coin c. AD275 Largest hoard from Britain
28. Massive rise in coin loss in period 13 (AD 260-75): did small denominations provide access for all to the money economy?
29. 4 Contd.: Central Empire: Gallienus and Salonina (Sole Reign), 260-8 Note: GALLIENVS AVG is the most common obverse legend for Gallienus A coin from Gallienus’ Zoo, Mint of Rome: IOVI CONS AVG, Goat left – Delta = 4 th Officina or Workshop ABVNDANTIA AVG, Rome, B denotes the 2 nd Officina or Workshop Note: coins of the sole reign of Gallienus and Salonina are much more common than coins for the earlier Joint Reign
30. 4: Salonina (sole reign of Gallienus, 260-8) FECVNDITAS AVG, Rome, Delta = 4 th Officina / Workshop Note how more base the coins of Gallienus and Salonina are after AD 260
31. 4 Contd.: Central Empire: Claudius II Gothicus, AD 268-70 Note: most common obverse legend is IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG or IMP CLAVDIVS AVG AEQVITAS AVG, Rome FIDES EXERCI, Rome XI denotes the 11 th officina or workshop
32. 4. Contd.: Central Empire Divus Claudius, AD 270 (many are Barbarous Radiates, hence go into Period 14) CONSECRATIO, Altar, Milan T = 3 rd officina / workshop CONSECRATIO, Altar, Milan S = 2 nd officina / workshop
33. 4 Contd.: Central Empire: Quintillus, AD 270 (Note: curly hair) PROVID AVG, Milan T = 3 rd officina / workshop
34. 4 Contd. Central Empire: Aurelian and Severina, 270-5 ORIENS AVG, Rome, VI = 6 th Officina / Workshop IOVI CONSER, Rome, S = 2 nd Officina / Workshop
35. 5. Central Empire: Severina, 270-275 CONCORDIA AVGG, Rome, 6 th officina / workshop XXI = c. 5% silver
40. 4 Contd.: Gallic Empire Marius, 269 – very scarce CONCORDIA MILITVM, Gaul Mint 1 VICTORIA AVG, Gaul Mint 2
41. 4 Contd.: Gallic Empire: Victorinus, 269-71: Mint 1 (note the nose and beard) INVICTVS, Sol, Gaul Mint 1 – Common type
42. 4. Gallic Empire: Victorinus, 269-71: Mint I contd common types FIDES MILITVM, Fides hdg 2 standards SALVS AVG, Salus stg. l. at altar, feeding snake PAX AVG, Pax stg l., hdg TRANSVERSE sceptre VIRTVS AVG, Virtus stg. r., hdg. shield and spear
43. 4. Gallic Empire: Victorinus, 269-71: Mint II common types AEQVITAS AVG, Aequitas hdg scales and cornucopiae SALVS AVG, Salus feeding snake held in arms PIETAS AVG, Pietas stg left at altar PROVIDENTIA AVG, Providentia l., hdg baton over globe, and cornucopiae
44. 4. Gallic Empire: Domitianus, 271 from the Chalgrove Hoard (Oxon) CONCORDIA MILITVM
45. 4. Gallic Empire:Tetricus I, 271-4, Mint I common types SPES PVBLICA, Spes adv l, hdg flower and lifting skirt VICTORIA AVG, Victory l, hdg wreath and palm COMES AVG, Victory l, hdg wreath and palm PAX AVG, Pax stg l., hdg VERTICAL Sceptre and branch
46. 4. Contd.: Gallic Empire: Tetricus I, 271-4, Mint I contd. VIRTVS AVGG, Virtus stg. l, hdg shield and spear HILARITAS AVG, Hilaritas stg l, holding palm and cornucopiae SALVS AVGG, Salus stg l, holding rudder and feeding snake entwined around altar
47. 5. Gallic Empire: Tetricus I, 271-4 Mint II common types FIDES MILITVM, Fides hdg two standards LAETITIA AVGG, Laetitia stg l, hdg purse and anchor LAETITIA AVGN, Laetitia stg l, hdg purse and anchor
48. 4 Contd.: Gallic Empire: Tetricus II (271-4) – no beard Mint I: PRINC IVVENT, Prince stg l, hdg branch and spear Mint I: SPES AVGG, Spes adv l, hdg flower and skirt Mint II: PIETAS AVGG, Sacrifical implements Mint II: PIETAS AVGVSTOR, Sacrificial implements
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50. 5: Central Empire: Tacitus, 275-6 Note the beard under chin PAX AVGVSTI, Siscia Mint PAX PVBLICA, Lyon Mint
66. 5. British Empire: Allectus, Q Radiates of London and C Mint VIRTVS AVG, Galley, London VIRTVS AVG, Galley, C Mint Note this type also LAETITIA AVG and Galley at both mints
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68. 6. Barbarous radiate of Gallienus Copy of an AETERNITAS AVG coin of Gallienus Wallington, Herts. BH-EE4582
69. 6. Barbarous Radiate: Divus Claudius Barbarous DIVVS CLAVDIVS, Altar Issue from Ashwell, Herts BH-0AB7B7
70. 6. Barbarous Radiates, c. 275-85 : to make up for shortage of coins after reforms of Aurelian, 270-5, and fall of Tetricus, AD 274 Very base copy of a coin of Postumus. Shropshire HESH-8317C5 An official base silver radiate of Postumus, 260-269 Paulerspury, Northants NARC-393C97
72. 6. Barbarous Radiates, c. 275-85 : to make up for shortage of coins after reforms of Aurelian, 270-5, and fall of Tetricus, AD 274. Barbarous radiate, copying coin of Tetricus II (271-4) Wallington, Herts. BH-EC16B8 Barbarous radiate, probably copying Victorinus or Tetricus I Clothall, Herts. BH-DD5B78
73. 6. Barbarous Radiates Barbarous radiate, Breedon on the Hill, Leics. DENO-D97B14 Pierced Barbarous radiate, prob copying Tetricus I, Victory or Spes type, Ashwell, Herts BH-8A4913 Roman or Anglo-Saxon re-use
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