PRESENTED BY:
Mrs. DEVA PON PUSHPAM.I,
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR.

RESEARCH
 Research is a scientific, systematic, controlled, orderly and
objective investigation to develop, refine and expand body
of knowledge.
 Research is the process of systematic obtaining of accurate
answers to significant and pertinent questions by the use
of the scientific method of gathering and interpreting
information.
- Clover and Balsley, 1979

NURSING RESEARCH
Nursing research refers to the use of systematic,
controlled, empirical and critical investigation in
attempting to discover or confirm facts that relate to
specific problem or question about the practice of
nursing.
- Walls and Bauzell, 1981
Nursing research is scientific, systematic and
orderly process to find out solution for problems
concern to nursing or generating and refining the
nursing knowledge to improve quality of nursing care,
nursing education and nursing administration.
- Suresh. K. Sharma, 2005

PURPOSES OF NURSING
RESEARCH
FACTS
IDENTIFICATION
DESCRIPTION
EXPLORATION
EXPLANATION
PREDICTION
CONTROL

NEED OF NURSING RESEARCH
DEVELOP, REFINE AND EXTEND SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE
ENHANCE PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE
FOUNDATION FOR EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICES
REFINE AND ELIMINATE OLD KNOWLEDGE
ENHANCE PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY
IDENTIFY NURSING CARE PRACTICES THAT ARE COST EFFECTIVE
ANSWER QUESTIONS RELATED TO NURSING PRACTICES,
EDUCATION AND ADMINISTRATION
DEFINE THE PARAMETERS OF NURSING

SCIENTIFIC METHODS
Scientific methods are defined as controlled
systematic investigations that are rooted in objective
reality and that aim to develop general knowledge about
natural phenomena.
PURPOSES:
❖Description
❖Exploration
❖Explanation
❖Prediction
❖Control
❖Prescription
❖Identification of relationship

STEPS OF SCIENTIFIC METHODS
1. Selecting the topic
2. Defining the objectives
3. Reviewing the literature
4. Defining concepts and variables
5. Stating hypothesis
6. Identifying assumptions
7. Determining ethical implications
8. Describing research design
9. Defining study population
10. Planning the data analysis
11. Collecting data from subjects
12. Analysis and interpreting data
13. Communicating findings

CHARATCERISTICS:
➢Orderly and systematic process
➢Attempt to control external factors
➢Findings are based on empirical evidences
➢Findings can be generalized
➢Based on assumptions or hypothesis
➢Conducted to develop or test theories
LIMITATIONS:
❖Moral or ethical problems
❖Human complexity
❖Measurement problems
❖External variable control problems

CHARACTERISTICS OF
GOOD RESEARCH
Orderly and systematic process
Based on current professional issues
Begin with clearly defined purposes
Emphasize to develop, refine and expand
professional knowledge
Directed towards development or testing
theories

Contd.,
Finding solution of problem
Dedicated to develop empirical evidence
Strive to collect first hand information
An objective and logical process
Generate findings to refine and improve
professional practices
Use of appropriate methodology

Contd.,
Conducted on representative sample
Conducted through appropriate use of
methods and tools of data collection
Use of valid and reliable data collection
tools
Carefully recorded and reported
Adequately and appropriately analysed
research

Contd.,
Patiently carried out activity
Researcher’s expertise, interest,
motivation and courage
Adequately communicated

OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH
PROCESS
RESEARCH
PROCESS
QUANTITATIVE
QUALITATIVE

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
PROCESS
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
Formal
Objective
Systematic
process
Describe
new
situations,
events or
concepts
Variables
are
preselected
Data is
quantified

STEPS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH PROCESS
Formulation of research problem
Determining study objectives
Review of literature
Developing conceptual framework
Formulating hypothesis or assumptions

Contd.,
Selecting research approach / design
Specifying the population
Developing tools for data collection
Establishing ethical considerations
Conducting pilot study

Contd.,
Sample selection
Data collection
Preparing data for analysis
Analysis and interpretation of data
Disseminating the research findings

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
PROCESS
Systematic and
subjective approach
Describe events or life
experiences
Helps to unearth hidden
facts
Exploring attitude,
emotions, beliefs,
sensitive issues and
relationship of people
QUALITATIVE

STEPS OF QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH PROCESS
Identifying research problem area
Formulating broad study objectives
Review of literature
Entry in research setting
Selecting research approach / design
Select a small sample

Contd.,
Establishing ethical considerations
Plan tools for data collection
Data collection
Organize data for analysis
Analysis and interpretation of data
Disseminating the research findings

THANK YOU