Scientific Essay Definition

The Scientific Method Of Social Science Essay
The Sociologic Scientific Method The scientific method is used to research a concept through all
sciences. Social science uses the scientific method to systematically approach a research question or
problems through objective and accurate observations, collection and analysis of data, and
experimentation. Sociological research is the scientific means of acquiring information about various
aspects of society and social behavior. Sociologist uses the scientific method to answer important
questions just like any other scientist but instead they answer questions about society, deviance,
and other cultures. Throughout this paper the scientific method will be used to analysis a research
question. While following all of the strategic steps of the scientific method I will research the
following question, "is violent behavior created in the environment a child lives in or the
environment of their society?" The first step of the scientific method is defining the problem and
producing a research question, in this case I am the researcher and the question I propose is "is
violent behavior created in the environment a child lives in or the environment of their society?"
The research question should be as clear and explanatory as possible so that readers get a clear
understanding of what you are asking. Also when producing a research question the researcher must
note all of the limitations, objectives, and purposes of the research. After choosing your topic or
question the researcher
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Environmental Science Essay
Environmental Fundamentals
Laura Jackson
Env/100
April 8, 2013
JOHN ENSWORTH
Environmental Fundamentals
Introduction
Environmental science is defined as the study of the environment and the interconnecting systems it
contains, furthermore, the way people interact with their natural surroundings and use natural
resources (wise geek, 2013). Scientist in this field is highly interdisciplinary and extremely diverse,
for example, a scientist might study volcanoes or climate change. This essay will cover the
following; the definition of environmental science, the relationship between science and technology
and how it affects environmental problems; the concept of environmental sustainability and why it
should be studied; how human...show more content...
Environmental Sustainability
Environmental sustainability is the process of making sure current processes of interaction with the
environment are pursued with the idea of keeping the environment as pristine as naturally possible
based on ideal–seeking behavior (Wikipedia, 2010). What makes environmental sustainability so
important is that it demands that society designs activities to meet human needs while indefinitely
preserving the life support systems of the planet (Wikipedia, 2010). Human consumption can only
use the nature's resources at a rate that can be replenished naturally.
Human Values affecting Society
The most devastating environmental change of all is the loss of biodiversity. The rate of species
extinction has remained at one species per million per year, furthermore, the accelerating destruction
of habitats throughout the world leads to projections of the loss of two–thirds of all species on earth
by the end of this century, and millions of years to recover from the Cretaceous period
(mindfully.org, 2013). As individuals, we obtain our food, directly or indirectly from plants, for
example, plant our primary use of medicines. Biodiversity also determines the properties of
communities and ecosystems, which capture energy from the sun. The world is less resilient, more
homogeneous, less interesting, and with fewer opportunities for our descendants and ourselves:
where the process reaches

Scientific Theory Essay
Scientific Theory
A scientific theory is a well–substantiated explanation of some aspects of the natural world, based on
a body of knowledge that has been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment.
Scientist creates scientific theories from hypothesis that have been corroborated through the
scientific method, then gather evidence to test their accuracy. The strength of a scientific theory is
related to the diversity of phenomena it can explain, which is measured by its ability to make
falsifiable predictions with respect to the phenomena. Scientific theories are the most reliable,
rigorous, and comprehensive for of scientific knowledge.
The scientific method involves the proposal and testing of hypotheses, by deriving...show more
content...
Theories are the main goal in science and no explanation can achieve a higher rank. (to the belief
that "theories" become "laws" over time). In some cases, theories can unify. Two or more theories
can be replaces by a single theory which explains the previous theories as approximations or
special cases, comparable to the way a theorys is connecting explanation for many confirmed
hypotheses: This is reffered to as Unification of Theories. Both scientific laws and scientific theories
are produced from scientific methods through the formation and testing of hypotheses, and can
predict the behavior of the natural world. Both are typically supported by observation and
experimental science. However, scientific laws are descriptive accounts of how nature will behave
under certain conditions. Scientific theories are broader in scope, and give overarching explanations
of how nature works and why it exhibits certain characteristics. They are supported by evidence from
many different sources, and may contain one or more laws.
Both scientific laws and scientific theories come from the scientific method through the formation
and testing of hypotheses, and can predict the behavior of the natural world. Both are usually well
supported by observations and/or experimental evidence. However laws are descriptive accounts of
how nature will behave under certain conditions. Assumption is a

The Scientific Method Essay
The Scientific Method is the standardized procedure that scientists are supposed to follow when
conducting experiments, in order to try to construct a reliable, consistent, and non–arbitrary
representation of our surroundings. To follow the Scientific Method is to stick very tightly to a order
of experimentation. First, the scientist must observe the phenomenon of interest. Next, the scientist
must propose a hypothesis, or idea in which the experiments will be based around. Then, through
repeated experimentation, the hypothesis can either be proven false or become a theory. If the
hypothesis is proven to be false, the scientist must reformulate his or her ideas and come up with
another hypothesis, and the experimentation begins again. This...show more content...
Furthermore, flies were observed laying eggs where the maggots formed. Thus, he concluded that
maggots are the result of flies, not spontaneous generation. He then called the principles behind his
experiment "Metodo Scientifico" or The Scientific Method.
The first cases of what would be considered properly using the Scientific Method can be found
earlier, though, back in the studies of Galileo, early in the 17th century. He first observed that
heavy objects gain speed as they fall. He then proposed, or hypothesized, that the rate of falling of
massive objects was proportional to the distance that the object has fallen. Following the Scientific
Method, he tested his hypothesis and found it to be false, since objects falling unequal distances do
not fall in the same amount of time, as his hypothesis led to. Since his hypothesis failed, he made a
new one, which proposed that the rate at which an object falls is directly proportional to the time the
object has spent falling. This was tested by rolling balls down an inclined plane and calculating the
speed and time values from those observations. Later, these experiments led to the discovery of the
gravitational constant g, and a better understanding of the Scientific Method.
The Method has been used many times since Galileo conducted his experiments, and it has been
considered a valid way of conducting experiments since

Scientific Method
Science is an objective method used explain the natural phenomena of the universe. The practice of a
scientific method provides a detailed outline that contributes to expressing how to determine if a
theory is scientific. A continual cycle that emphasizes the techniques of observations, questions,
hypothesis, prediction, experiment, and conclusion. The complications that arise when applying the
scientific method to all theories is that science is subject to change; therefore, it is hard to modify
extensive ideas to a few simplified steps. A scientific explanation depends on existing experimental
theories to validate or disprove present and future logical arguments. This is because previous
observations support abstract methods that may not be testable and the continual change is
dependent on specific predictions and discoveries.
Many aspects of scientific knowledge are hypothetical ideas, however, they contribute the same level
of importance compared to a logical fact. A scientific explanation is shaped from existing
intelligence to develop future studies and...show more content...
Science is revised constantly; progressive observations that support and expand on existing ideas are
documented. When new knowledge is interpreted by scientists, they must perform a series of
experimental trials. These observations can either confirm or contradict the analysis, both are
beneficial to resolving the experiment. Scientific explanations are dependent of proof. For example,
when a new theory is published, the scientific method for the examination is accessible for others to
review. The public has the capacity to acquire the experiment's reports and contribute that data to
their own hypothesis. Science is justified through the combination of solutions. Current ideas are
continually challenged by others attempting to modify and simplify them into a universal

The Philosophy of Science Essay
The study of the philosophy of science explores whether scientific results are actually the study of
truth. Scientific realism is an area of study in the philosophy of science and has a contrasting view
called anti realism. The debate between the two revolves around their disagreement between the
existence of an external world. A scientific realist believes that an external world exists independent
of our minds whereas the anti realist, or the idealists, believes that no such world exists outside of
ourselves. A stick underwater seems bent while railway tracks seem to meet in the distance, when
they do not. Our vision plays tricks on us and therefore the phenomena appears misleading. Seeing
as there are doubtful sources to our experiences...show more content...
Thus creating a world via electric signals to our brain. While the realist accepts that unobservable
phenomena do exist and does not consider a theory to be a fact but merely as approximately true.
James Robert Brown of the University of Toronto is a realist. Realism, as affirmed by Brown, is
determined by scientific success, which is best determined by theories that, first, "are able to
organize and unify a great variety of unknown phenomena." (Brown, p.133). Second, latter theories
systemize data more accurately than former, lastly and most importantly " a statistically significant
number of novel predictions pan out," (Brown, p.134).
In his work, explaining the success of science, Brown tries to describe scientific success whilst
defending scientific theories by contesting anti realist ideas. Throughout the paper he mentions
various anti realists along with their work regarding the succession of a theory. Bas Van Fraassen,
one of most influential anti realists, suggests that it is not at all surprising that theories are
successful, given that any unsuccessful theory is rejected. He believes that the success of science
happens purely due to chance, or coincidence. Fraassen tries validate his view through Darwinian
natural selection. He says that just as species struggle for existence, so do theories. Species who do
not adopt to their environment become extinct, "so too are theories which do not make true
observational predictions dropped" (Brown, p.134). A

Positivism Essay
Positivism
Positivism is a scientific approach to sociology (the science of society As Keat and Urry ('social
theory as science', 1975) note:
'Positivism is concerned only with observable phenomena. It involves establishing law–like relations
between them through the careful accumulation of factual knowledge. This occurs by means of
observation, experimentation, comparison and prediction.'
The terms' sociology' and 'positive philosophy' (positivism) were both coined by Auguste Comte
(the founder of Sociology), an educated philosopher, born on January 19th 1798 in Montpellier,
France. He grew up and studied after a great period of change. There had been the French revolution,
the Industrial...show more content...
The three stages societies progress through are outlined below.
Comte thought that society (and indeed the sciences) went through three distinct stages;
Theological, Metaphysical and Positive. He thought when society had reached the end of the
positivistic stage it would be Utopia where the world was ruled by experts in each field. The
common person wouldn't need to make
their own decisions as everything would be thought out for them.
В· THEOLOGICAL: Military. (Middle Ages)
– Natural phenomena explained as being the will of God/supernatural forces
– The family is basic social unit
В· METAPHYSICAL:Judicial (1300–1700)
– Mysterious abstract forces employed to explain natural p
Phenomena (e.g. a force in the object itself)
– The state is social unit.
В· POSITIVISTIC:Industrial (1800+)
– The last and highest stage

– Scientific method/invariant laws describe and explain all phenomena
After the basic law of the three stages is Comte's theory of the hierarchy of sciences. As humans
progress through the above stages each dependant on the preceding, so do the sciences (hence all
sciences contribute to sociology) Starting with the purest and simplest and ascending in complexity.
В· Mathematics
В· Astronomy
В· Physics

Anthony Giddens: A Sociological Study
By the definition, science is the intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study
of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment
(Oxford dictionary). This crude definition is elaborated further by a world–famous sociologist
Anthony Giddens as 'the scientific study of human social life, groups, and societies. It is dazzling
and compelling enterprise, as its subject matter is our own behavior as social beings. The scope of
sociological study is extremely wide, ranging from the analysis of passing encounters between
individuals on the street to the investigation of global social processes such as the rise of Islamic
fundamentalism.' (Giddens: 2006)
Before the rise in...show more content...
He believed that all scientific methods share a common logical method aimed to reveal universal
laws. Therefore Comte believed that sociology should apply the same strict scientific methods to
the study of society that physics or chemistry use to study the physical world. He called all
sciences the "law of the three stages" which claims that world has passed through three stages:
theological (guided by religious ideas and the belief that society was an expression of God's will),
metaphysical (this stage is modification of the first one, from supernatural to natural. The beginning
of a world that questioned religion and authority.), and positive (the final stage compared to earlier
stages is truly scientific, and what is now understood while we peak of an explanation of facts is
simply the establishment of a connection between single phenomena and some general facts, the
number of which continually diminishes with the progress of science.) (Comte 1855: 26)
In a very similar manner to the other social sciences, sociology is rather distinctive from natural
sciences. Firstly, it is impossible to collect data on social facts as opposed to the physical world.
Social facts, unlike the natural ones, are not objective. On the contrary, social facts are reproducible
as well as created by humans. Secondly, it is not only human beings

Sociology As A Scientific Discipline Essay
SOCIOLOGY AS A SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE
Is sociology a scientific discipline? The issue of whether sociology is a science or a scientific
discipline is an issue that has raised a lot of controversy for a long time. There are scholars who
subscribe sociology is a science while others claim it is not. Even sociologists themselves have been
divided on the issue example Emile Durkheim and Auguste Comte are for the view that sociology is a
science while German Sociologist Max–Weber does not subscribe to this view. (Mondal, n.d.) To
solve this controversy it is essential first to understand clearly what science is and what sociology is.
What is science?
Science is a complex term to define and it has been given different meaning by various disciplines.
In general science can be defined as a body of knowledge that is organized and is acquired
systematically through observation and experimentation to describe and explain phenomena. The
term science is also used to refer to the systematic act of acquiring knowledge. Ascientific method is
used in acquiring scientific knowledge through observation, experimentation and generalisation.
(Mondal, n.d.) The knowledge collected or facts are linked together in their casual sequence to draw
well–founded inferences. (Mondal, n.d.)
Characteristics and proponents of science
i.Method– in science scientific methods are used. Scientific methods include observation, hypothesis,
testing and measurement, verification and re–verification. (Farooq, 2012)

Definition Of Scientific Management Theory Essay
Definition
The term scientific management is the combination of two words i.e. scientific and management.
The word "Scientific" means systematic analytical and objective approach while "management"
means getting things done through others. Scientific management theory seeks to improve an
organization 's efficiency by systematically improving the efficiency of task completion by utilizing
scientific, engineering, and mathematical analysis. The goal is to reduce waste, increase the process
and methods of production, and create a just distribution of goods. This goal serves the common
interests of employers, employees, and society.
Explanation
Scientific Management theory is important for every business it is followed by every industrial
business operation whole in the world. it is a general process of business practices such as planning,
process design, quality control, ergonomics and cost accounting. This theory provide good
knowledge and understanding of industrial management. this theory also make us understand about
how a one person (manager) can use quantitative analysis and other measureable data, an
examination numbers, in management to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of business
operations.
In addition to this, Fredric w.Taylor and the Gilbreths was introduced the methods of measuring
worker productivity, including time studies and motion studies, which are still used today in
operations and management. After that, Henry Fayol introduced the 14 principle

Science As Product And Science
SECTION 1 1a. Science as product. The aim of science is to produce knowledge, to understand
and explain some aspects of the world around us. However, scientific disciplines differ in terms of
their objects of study as a science as product. Knowledge as scientific based on two criteria:
science as product and science as process l a science as product knowledge that give us more
explanations or descriptions. The first type of science as product: scientific VS non–scientific
questions. Scientific questions are questions that can be answered by making observation that
identify the conditions under which certain events occur. And the answers to each questions mast
take a particular form that meet the requirements of discretion, explanation, prediction and
understanding. Then, non–scientific questions cannot be observable by observation which is the
opposite of scientific questions for instance: (morality–pornographic). The second type is knowledge
as description. Scientific knowledge is by definition verifiable. Knowledge as description divided
into two parts: conceptual definition (in literature review) and operational definition (for using and
applied in methods and instruments). Let?s explain each one of them clearly. The descriptive
function of research relies strongly on instruments for observation and measurement. Researchers
spend a great amount of time to develop instruments. Once developed these instruments are used to
describe phenomena studied by researchers (open PH.D

Definition of Science Fiction Essay
Perhaps one of the most versatile genres in films, television, books, artwork and any number of
things today is science fiction. Many times I have seen a sci–fi movie filed under comedy or drama.
That is one of the major things that has led to my love for science fiction, the simple fact that it can
be so much more than just science fiction. I would like to present a definition of what science fiction
is in this paper. My definition will not be exact, because so many people have a different idea of
what counts as sci–fi and, not only that, but we may have found yet another venue for science
fiction by the time this paper is complete. In order to define what science fiction is and to support
my definition, I am going to give some examples...show more content...
One could argue that this is just a fictional story or even fantasy, but it still retains an element of
science and, therefore, falls into the category of science fiction.
Time travel: is it really science fiction? Some people would not agree that it is true sci–fi since there
are so many arguments as to why time travel cannot exist. Personally, I think time travel is science
fiction since it is based on our laws of physics and can be shown mathematically using Physics
(relativity, etc.). Since I believe time travel falls into this category, I would like to give a great
example of a time traveling story. H.G. Wells' The Time Machine is a fantastic story about a
scientist who is ridiculed by his peers for his theories on time travel and even examples he shows
them. He ends up traveling through time in a machine that he built and has a fantastic adventure.
An interesting addition to this list of science fiction is Jurassic Park, the book and movie. The first
time that someone mentioned this was sci–fi to me I was a little surprised, but after thinking about it
for a second I realized they were right. The dinosaurs were created using a scientific process and,
somewhat, neatly explained within the story. Every time I watched that movie I had never stopped
to think about what genre it was, which happens with many people I'm sure and not just with that
movie. This is one of my favorite examples of science fiction because people normally just think

Geography as a Science Essay examples
Geography as a Science
Science, by definition, is:
'...the systematic study of the structure and behaviour of the physical and natural world through
observation and experiment...' 1
Geography is divided into physical and human dimensions; in the past, physical geography had taken
pre–eminence over the latter due to the need of geographers to establish their discipline as an actual
educational subject in colleges and universities. They therefore needed to impress upon the world its
yummy importance as a science 5, which held much weight at the time, but can geography still be
based in the world of natural sciences or has it shifted to that of a more social basis? As the subject
in itself is now...show more content...
All of these changes have understandably influenced how geography has been structured and the
perceptions of geography within the world. This radical change in thinking and the rapid increase of
the human population since the industrial revolution has meant that geography has evolved more
towards the social aspects rather than the scientific. Good examples of this are historical
geographies, developmental geographies and studies in globalisation. All relate to social aspects of
the world we live in, and this focus on human circles is now growing within the subject. Since its
generalised acceptance in the late 18th century 6 it has increased in influence within the subject.
During the latter half of the 20th century, human geography (and social interests within geography)
began to challenge the position of physical geography within the subject. This could be vastly due
to the decline of the descriptive or regional geography, and the rise of spatial science in its place,
which allowed sub–disciplines such as cultural, economic, industrial and historical geographies to
attract more attention. Geography might have previously been dominated by the natural sciences,
but now due to growing interests in

Scientific Racism Definition
Pseudo–science or stereotypes are terms associated with scientific racism. The meaning of scientific
racism is the use of pseudo or "fake" scientific techniques and hypothesis by justifying inequalities
between natural groups of people through scientific evidence. The first theory of scientific racism is
that natural groups of the human species are different overall worth, the second theory is that
science provides a reference of authoritative knowledge. The term pseudoscience refers to work that
claims to be an authority of science, although it being systematically flawed.
Through the seventeenth century, and the time of World War II was the beginning of Scientific
Racism. Racism, the discrimination targeted against someone of a different...show more content...
For example, Tuskegee experiment airmen, which involved innocent African America airmen who
were injected with syphilis to study the natural progression of untreated syphilis during World War
II. Physician Samuel A. Cartwright invented a false mental illness called drapetomania, which
caused black slaves to flee captivity. This inaccurate physiological diagnosis is a perfect example of
pseudoscience, and part of the construction of Scientific Racism. An African American woman
named Henriette Lacks suffered from cervical cancer. Moreover, she visited John Hopkins Hospital
to seek treatment for her case only to take advantage of because of her unique immoral cell
reproduction without her consist. These cells are referred as HeLa cells cured various types of
diseases and helped invent immunization to other diseases. Lastly, the story of Sarah Baartman also
known as "hottentot Venus" was a famous khokhoi who was exhibited as a freak show attraction in
Europe, because of her enlarge posterior and labial lips that hung down three to four inches.
Baartman had mesmerizing physical features that pronounced her feminism, considered most
Caucasian females have less pronounced feminine

The Principles of Scientific Thinking Essay
In psychology, the six principles of scientific thinking are extraordinary claim, falsifiability,
Occam razor, replicability, ruling hypotheses of rival, and correlation vs. causation. We know that
gaining new knowledge always help the growth of our mind, but sometimes a claim may
contradict what we have already known, then we need more persuasive evidences to prove this
claim before we accept it. It is natural that people doubt something extraordinary and a very basic
thinking skill that is known as extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. Specifically, it
can be presented as I did not come to class today and I tell my instructor that I ate bad seafood last
night and had diarrhea, then she might believe me. If I tell...show more content...
Moreover, the studies should be replicability, it means that repeating the results in other studies
ought to be the exact same, which makes it easier to discover errors and ensure that the result is
reliable. For example, Medical News Today reported that "a patient who also has acute myeloid
leukemia has been cured of HIV infection after a stem–cell transplant combined with high–dose
chemotherapy and radiation therapy", German scientists put forward some people carry a mutant
gene seems to allow them to have the innate ability to resist HIV, the genes inherited from the
parents called "Delta 32". Although there have been rare cured HIV cases, but such experiment is
highly risky and currently no effective vaccine to prevent and completely cure AIDS and HIV.
("Evidence") Thus here the cured patient's case is not possibly being redo, which is not
replicability. By ruling hypotheses of rival, it means when we are evaluating a claim, we need to
make sure that whether other plausible explanations have been excluded. Examples for ruling out
rival hypotheses could be that if black people have better performance in athletics, there should be
more research to make sure the results are not due to better diet and training or other possible
factors. And also, race

Scientific Notation Essay
Scientific Notation
Essential question: How can you use scientific notation to express numbers of different quantities?
Scientific notation is a method of writing or displaying numbers in terms of a decimal number
between 1 and 10, which is multiplied by a power of 10
Ex. Step 1 – 3 105 First, you would solve for the exponents Step 2 – 3 100000 Then, you would
multiply the factors that are left Step 3 – 300000 Lastly, you get your answer
Essential Answer: Scientific Notation can be used to express different quantities by reducing a large
or small number into a short mathematical sentence.
Integers
Essential Question: Why are using integers easier than a...show more content...
How to find a 3D figures Volume
Essential Question: What figures does volume apply to?
Volume is the amount of 3–dimensional space an object occupies. In the equations for volume, B
means area of the bases and h means distance between the bases. Remember to always add the
cubed sign at the end of your answer ( # unit3).
Ex. Find the volume of a figure that is 5 in. long, 7 in. wide, and 8 in. tall. Step 1– V = BhFirst, find
the equation for the figure.
Step 2– V = (35)8Then, find the base and substitute.
Step 3– V = 280 in3Lastly, solve for V.
Essential Answer: It applies to only 3D figures.
How to find a 3D figures Surface Area
Essential Question: How is finding surface area different than finding volume?
Surface area is the total area of the surface of a three–dimensional object. For surface area, the
equation is SA = Ph + 2B. P stands for the perimeter of the base. The h stands for the distance
between the bases. B stands for area of the bases.
Ex. Find the volume of a box that is 2 feet long, 4 feet wide, and 3 feet

What is psychology? The definition of psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental
processes. There are three key terms in the definition of psychology – science, behavior, and mental
process. Psychology uses systematic methods to observe human behavior and draw conclusions.
Behavior is anything that we do that is visible by another person, and mental processes are the
thoughts and feelings that we experience but that are not noticeable by another person.
For thousands of years, people all around the world have been asking the question why? Over the
years, people have made up their own stories to explain to others why things are the way they are.
These stories get passed on through families and make their way down the lines of each generation.
These stories eventually became known as myths, or folklore tales. Greece and Rome were and still
are very known for their myths and are still taught in schools present day. Though myths and folklore
may be intriguing to hear, not everyone believed in them. Philosophers, those who believe that there
is a natural and rational explanation for all things, then came to be.
Wilhelm Wundt was a German philosopher–physician who created the academic discipline of
psychology by meshing together philosophy and natural science. Wundt believed that it could be
possible for a person's mental process to be measured by the time it took for a person's brain and
nervous system to translate into action. Wundt's main focus was discovering

Ethics in Science Essay
What do you think of when you hear or see the word "science"; test tubes, Einstein, Space?
Science is "generally taken as meaning either (a) the exact sciences, such as chemistry, physics,
etc., or (b) a method of thought which obtains verifiable results by reasoning logically from
observed fact" (Orwell). Scientists are those who study science by scientific method. These "men of
science", which Orwell describes as "a biologist, and astronomer, perhaps a psychologist or a
mathematician", "work by means of induction and deduction, and that by the help of these
operations, they, in a sort of sense, wring from Nature certain other things, which are called natural
laws, and causes, and that out of these, by some cunning skill of their own,...show more content...
This undoubtedly demonstrations the pros and cons of inventions made through science. There
are people who abuse medicine, and other creations from science, for numerous different reasons.
Things like guns and nuclear weapons were formed to protect, but with the downside of killing
others. With all of this this being said, should there be a limit to things we make? More
importantly, does science have an ethical responsibility to humanity? I think to answer that
question, we need to start with deciding if scientists have an ethical responsibility to humanity. As
the saying goes, with knowledge comes power and with power comes responsibility. However,
there can be no limitation on the knowledge obtained from science. Instead, we must limit what
arises from knowledge and power. What are some responsibilities of scientists and the rest of the
population? Well, to start on the broadest sense, science should only be used for the absolute
necessary improvement of humanity. It is our ethical responsibility to not take advantage of
science to further the advancement of military power, as we have done with the creation of atomic
and nuclear bombs. Is it responsible to use science for fame, fortune and glory? No, and it is not
acceptable, but it is common for people to do so. If, for some reason, we had the option to save 80%
of endangered wildlife through scientific means, but with the consequence of harming the
atmosphere, would it be ethical to continue on? We would have

1.What is a scientific theory? Please cite a definition that you like.
Wikipedia defines Scientific theory, as often seeks to synthesize a body of evidence or observations
of phenomena. It's generally –– though by no means always –– a grander, testable statement about
how nature operates. I see scientific theory as having a great deal of support backing it to support
and accepted it as true.
1.What is the difference between a scientific theory and common–sense ideas about the same topic
(for example, why a child seeks a bottle at birth)?
A scientific theory is more like a fact than a guess because it is supported. Common sense is a
usual understanding of practical matters, and common sense is vital for day to day life. The word
common sense is used in the sense of instinct. Common sense is vital to my ever day life, but
science is not vital to day to day life. I know I use common sense on a regular basis especially
when I'm driving, and the light is turning yellow my common sense lets me know to stop because
oncoming traffic is coming and it's not safe to drive through the light. Also, I use common sense
when crossing the street common sense tells me to press the cross signal and wait for me to be told
when to cross so that I don't get ran over
Common sense understandings fit social expectation. There is a sense of the element in the common
sense understanding of social psychology. It is accepted widely and something that is shared amongst
the people of a common

What Are Scientific Merit?
Concept of Scientific Merit Introduction As future scholars who are working on our PhD, we
tend to hear a lot about Scientific Merit. But, that same old question might pop in our mines,
which is who really cares? We should, especially if we expect the IRB to approve our research
proposal. Therefore, within this paper, we will discuss scientific merits, explain the dimensions of
scientific merit, discuss the aspects of the study, we chose for the Scientific Merit, and choose an
area of scientific merit that we would improve. Scientific merit Scientific merit is considered as a
way to examine if our research study represents good science. Therefore, we will need to make sure
that any research we are working on, clearly states the research questions and its overall objectives.
The research should also include the contextual data that will also have peer–reviewed literature to
support why the research is needed. We also should make sure that if human beings are being
used as participants, that their privacy and safety will be respected, and if there is any possibility
of harm, no matter how small it is, and the benefit and risks whether indirect or direct for the
partakers in the study needs to be very clear in the research proposal. According to Gonzales (2013,
para. 2, p. 1), the data collection, recruitment, and analysis should align with the research questions,
as well as the monitoring, safe storage, and how the data will be destroyed should also be specified.
Three

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