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2010 International Conference on System Science, Engineering Design and Manufacturing Informatization


                The application of Artificial Intelligence in
                             Mobile Learning
                  Qiang Liu                                     Lixin Diao                                       Guangcan Tu
                 Art Academy                             Information & technology                              Art department
         China Three Gorges University                          Department                                   Yangtze University
                Yichang, China                        Central China Normal University                          Jinzhou, China
             640690697@qq. com                                 Wuhan, China                                  29105800@qq.com
                                                            276606771@qq.com
 Abstract—This paper research the application of artificial                    mobility and sexual situations. This paper consider that mobile
 intelligence in mobile learning. In the first place,this paper                learning is a new form of learning by using the wireless mobile
 analyse the meaning of mobile learning and artificial                         communications network technology and wireless mobile
 intelligence,make them clear to people. In the second place,                  communications equipment (such as mobile phones), personal
 explain the significance of the application of artificial intelligence        digital assistants (such as PDA, Pocket PC), and so on to
 in mobile learning. This paper introduce five problems in mobile              access to education, information, educational resources and
 learning.These problems make it necessary to apply artificial                 education services. Mobile learning's goal is that students
 intelligence. In the third place, introduce the specific application          can learn anything at any time, any place, any way.
 of artificial intelligence in mobile learning.It include: 1)Mobile                Mobile learning's distinctiveness: 1)To provide anytime,
 Intelligent Teaching Expert System(MITES).2)Mobile Intelligent                anywhere learning environment. Learners can be in accordance
 Decision      Support     System(MIDSS).3)Mobile          Intelligenct        with the will to carry out its own study, out of the time and
 Information Retrieval Engine (MIIRE).4)Mobile Intelligent                     place'limitation. 2)Learning activities are more situational.
 Induct-learning System (MTIS).5)Intelligent Hardware Network                  Mobile learning provide the support for situational learning.
 (IHN).Finally, looking to the future,there are two main problems              learning take place in the true and natural social context,
 about the artificial intelligence in mobile learning:1)Technical              realize the real "living learning". 3)provide the Just-in-Time
 problems.2)Development of soft tools.                                         learning content. Theoretical studies have shown that informal
                                                                               learning achieve about 70% in individual learning needs of the
     Keywords-artificial intelligence , mobile learning , application          work. This form of learning play a key role to make people be
                                                                               competent for the work. Mobile learning support the needs of
                         I.    INTRODUCTION                                    the informal learning's scene.
     With the development of wireless mobile network and the                   B. The meaning of artificial intelligence
 improve of the mobile communication equipment, it is
                                                                                   Artificial intelligence are also called machine intelligence.
 possible to study any where and any time. Mobile
                                                                               It use artificial methods to achieve intelligence on machine
 learning(m-learning) come into the modern's life and
                                                                               (computer). It is the simulation of artificial intelligence on
 becoming a popular way in learning. Mobile learning has a lot
                                                                               machine,or make the machine have the human-like intelligent.
 of advantages in following aspects such as portability,
                                                                               It is a comprehensive discipline which based on the the
 interactive, easy to operate, and Targeted users. So, it attracted
                                                                               combination and growth of computer science, control theory,
 a large number of learners. In this situation, the information in
                                                                               information theory, neurophysiology, psychology, linguistics
 Mobile Learning become more and more. It makes the
                                                                               and so on. However ,there has been no an unified definition on
 Artificial Intelligence(AI) in mobile learning more and more
                                                                               artificial intelligence at present.There have a variety of claims
 important. It is necessary to reseach on it.
                                                                               and definitions in the academic. However, by its nature,
 A. The meaning of mobile learning                                             artificial intelligence is a science of research, design and
                                                                               application of intelligent machines or intelligent system to
     There are different interpretations from different point of
                                                                               simulate human intelligent capabilities and extension of human
 view about the meaning of mobile learning in the current
                                                                               intelligence.
 academic community. They can be broadly divided into three
 kinds as following. The first viewpoint thinks that mobile                        The researchs on artificial intelligence always carry out
 learning is a new form in Distance learning. The second                       combined with the applications. Artificial intelligence is an
 viewpoint thinks that mobile learning is the new expansion of                 interdiscipline.It is a comprehensive technical discipline
 e-Learning. From the perspective of cognitive learning, the                   related to psychology, cognitive science, science, information
 third viewpoint thinks that mobile learning is a new technology               science, system science,biological sciences and so on. It has
 and a new way of learning by its characteristicsis such as                    made great achievements on knowledge processing, pattern

978-0-7695-4223-2/10 $26.00 © 2010 IEEE                                   80
                                                                          81
DOI 10.1109/ICSEM.2010.28
recognition, natural language processing, game, automatic                 technology and mobile media, to form the open interactive
theorem proving, automatic programming, expert system,                    teaching system. Students can be obtained the knowledge from
intelligent robot of knowledge Database.It formed a wide                  the system through mobile devices.System can teach different
range of directions of development.Now,the research on                    according to the student’s knowledge, abilities and learning
artificial intelligence always carry out by three ways as                 methods. It can achieve the best teaching effect and real realize
following:1)Use the mathod of biological sciences to explore              the individualized adaptive teaching. MITES is a new
the nature of human intelligence.2) Use the mathod of                     educational technology witch is based on cognitive science and
computer science.It use the connection-oriented mechanism                 thinking science , integrated artificial intelligence technology,
base on network connection, use the artificial neural network             educational psychology and other disciplines’knowledge. The
to simulate the image of human thinking.This mathod could                 role of MITES is to seek a cognitive model of learning ,make
solve the knowledge which is difficult to express by using                the learners receive the individualized adaptive learning,make
symbols.3)Use the mathod of physiology.                                   the learning faster and more effective by researching the
                                                                          characteristics and processes of study.
  II.   THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL
                                                                               MITES systems usually have the following intelligence:
               INTELLIGENCE IN MOBILE LEARNING
                                                                             1)Can automatically generate a variety of problems and
    Mobile learning made a huge impact on traditional mode of             exercises.
education.It has far-reaching significance. It not only changed
the significant deficiencies on the traditional mode of                       2)According to the different levels of students in
education that is limited by space and time,but also make                 learning,select the appropriate learning content and the
teaching in an interesting way, enable learners to become more            corresponding adjustment of the progress of teaching.
dynamic, attract a large number of people to carry out mobile                3)Able to solve the problem automatically and generate the
learning enthusiastically.Anybody can go to the world of                  answer based on understand the teaching content.
mobile learning,any time,any where.But mobile learning is still
in the early stages of development at present.It still have many             4)Have natural language generation and understanding in
problems in practical applications.                                       order to achieve relatively free Questions and Answers about
                                                                          the system and in order to enhance the initiative
    1)The learning support service system in mobile learning is           human-computer interaction.
Unsatisfactory.The means are still very backward. There are
many limitations in services.It lacks initiative, targeted and                 5)Has the capacity to explain the teaching content.
strategic.                                                                    6)Can diagnosis of student errors, analysis of the causes of
    2)How to realize the open of the test in mobile                       errors and take corrective measures.
learning.How to ensure the objective and impartial, scientific,                7)Can evaluate the behavior of students.
authority and timeliness of examination.
                                                                              8)Can continuous improve the teaching strategies in
    3) The Mobile Learning Network system and the network                 teaching.
information query capabilities is still very limited.
                                                                          B.    Mobile Intelligent Decision Support System(MIDSS)
    4) The core support of mobile learning - mobile learning
resources, has not been fully adapted to the characteristics of               The basic components of MIDSS system include: data base,
mobile learning.                                                          model base, method base, man-machine interface and
                                                                          intelligent components. These basic components can be
    5)In mobile learning, learners lack individual active
                                                                          composed of two types of system structure:four base structure
interaction.To the common problem among students,it can not
                                                                          and the fusion structure. MIDSS shows strong growth potential
be automatically carried out statistical analysis, Lenovo, etc..
                                                                          and a bright future in the field of mobile learning applications.
    In view of the current situation,it is very necessary to apply        This system is able to provide learners the necessary data ,
the artificial intelligence technology in mobile learning.It is an        information and background materials to provide
important way to improve the mobile learning.                             decision-making, to help clear goals and decision-making
                                                                          problem identification, to establish or modify the
        III.   THE SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL                     decision-making model, to provide a range of options, and a
               INTELLIGENCE IN MOBILE LEARNING                            variety of program evaluation and selection excellent features
                                                                          of human-computer interaction analysis, comparison and to
A. Mobile Intelligent Teaching Expert System(MITES)                       determine, to provide the necessary support for the correct and
   MITES can provide an intelligent teaching environment. It              effective decision-making.
simulate the teaching thought processes of experts and
professors, use the advanced teaching methods,such as AI




                                                                     81
                                                                     82
C.    Mobile Intelligenct Information Retrieval Engine                    network system provide users with some knowledge in the
                                                                          field of information processing or to achieve some kind of
     (MIIRE)
                                                                          decision support needs. Mobile network is the hardware based
    In mobile learning, learners often find information                   of mobile learning. With the development of information of
resources through the network. Therefore, how to provide                  human society and the increasing popularity of the network,
quality information retrieval services is one of the important            mobile learning via the web will require not only integration of
contents of Support services at a distance. Mobile Intelligent            multimedia information processing capabilities, but also the
retrieval is in fact to pvovide the Intelligence engine in mobile         network to provide high-level information-processing capacity,
learning. Existing search engines are server-side software, do            that is, With regard to the processing power of
not have intelligence and the high-accuracy retrieval, retrieval          knowledge.According to the current situation,it is a far-sighted
engine require format input string. If move the search engine to          choice to make the mobile network more intelligenct by using
mobile client, and to enable them to self-analysis, to                    the IHN.
understand the interest of learners, which have a certain degree
of intelligence, can collect the information based on user's will                        IV.    PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE
in the internet. MIIRE is an important part of navigation
System. Such as personal intelligent navigation system based              A. Technical problems
on Java,have a certain degree of self-learning function that can              Artificial Intelligence in mobile learning needs a good
automatically collect and record the user's browsing habits,              mobile learning environment. Technology as a hard and fast
and according to different users in different navigation                  conditions related to the success of mobile learning to carry
recommendations to allow users to accurately access the                   out. Mobile learning still have to face the technical problems in
necessary resources. From a technical point of view, the key              the future. While the 3G wireless network technology has cut a
technology to develop the mobile intelligenct information                 striking figure, new generation of communications
retrieval system is the intelligenct engine.                              technology's maximum transfer rate has been greater growth,
                                                                          Mobile wireless technology has previously been a
D.    Mobile Intelligent Induct-learning System (MTIS)
                                                                          breakthrough and progress than before, but the popularity of
    MTIS is a support services system. Support services is an             wireless networks can't be solved overnight. With the problem
important constituent element of mobile learning. To establish            of the popularity of wireless network, there is internet charge
and maintain an efficient and flexible, strong support services           problem. Due to the high cost of wireless Internet access, the
sub-system is to effectively develop, manage and implement                average consumer does not have the opportunity to access the
projects to ensure that mobile learning. Support services aimed           Internet. This is to a large extent hampered the enthusiasm of
at creating a good learning environment so that students                  end-user. Mobile communications equipment is also an
quickly and easily call a variety of resources, to accept the full        important factor which can affect the future development of
range of services on learning, learning for success. Intelligent          mobile learning. Although the development of mobile
Agent is in the field of distributed artificial intelligence, a           equipments is rapid, but its support in the mobile learning
major application, which aims to reduce the use of complex                application is still not enough.
software and the implementation of the burden of tedious tasks
and maximize efficiency, intelligence-based technology built              B. Development of soft tools
AGENT Mobile Intelligent Guidance System, can who guided                      Now, artificial intelligence in mobile learning is still in the
the development and implementation of different learning                  preliminary stages of development. The soft tools for Artificial
strategies and take the initiative to provide personalized                Intelligence in mobile learning are very scarce. At present,
services Guidance, so that Guidance has a focused and                     most of the tools is used for other applications, some of its
forward-looking; in guiding the strategy under the guidance of            functions is to be used for personal knowledge management.
automatic generation of a variety of issues and practice,                 These complex tools have led to great inconvenience in
rational planning to adjust the content and progress of learning          applications. Educational institutions should be the best choice
and has a diagnostic function, diagnostic errors in the study,            to promote mobile learning in the future. However, due to the
analysis and improvement of the reasons; through feedback                 special nature of mobile learning, the most effective solution is
automatically correct guiding strategy, and make them more in             cooperation. Development of the whole industry needs the
line with the learner's own knowledge base and cognitive                  Government, the mobile device manufacturers and educational
characteristics.                                                          software developer's support. So, the development of tools can
                                                                          meet the needs of Artificial Intelligence in mobile learning.
E. Intelligent Hardware Network (IHN)
    The “intelligent”here means " operation intelligence" and                 The research on artificial intelligence have a wide range of
"service intelligence ". Operation intelligence is the                    applications in various fields.The development of artificial
intelligence of running, maintenance and management of the                intelligence is very fast. The application of artificial
mobile network system. Service intelligence is that Mobile




                                                                     82
                                                                     83
intelligence in mobile learning will bring us into a new world
and make learning easier.

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[4]    Ball M K. The next evolution of knowledge management[EB/OL].
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Artificial intelligence in mobile learning

  • 1. 2010 International Conference on System Science, Engineering Design and Manufacturing Informatization The application of Artificial Intelligence in Mobile Learning Qiang Liu Lixin Diao Guangcan Tu Art Academy Information & technology Art department China Three Gorges University Department Yangtze University Yichang, China Central China Normal University Jinzhou, China 640690697@qq. com Wuhan, China 29105800@qq.com 276606771@qq.com Abstract—This paper research the application of artificial mobility and sexual situations. This paper consider that mobile intelligence in mobile learning. In the first place,this paper learning is a new form of learning by using the wireless mobile analyse the meaning of mobile learning and artificial communications network technology and wireless mobile intelligence,make them clear to people. In the second place, communications equipment (such as mobile phones), personal explain the significance of the application of artificial intelligence digital assistants (such as PDA, Pocket PC), and so on to in mobile learning. This paper introduce five problems in mobile access to education, information, educational resources and learning.These problems make it necessary to apply artificial education services. Mobile learning's goal is that students intelligence. In the third place, introduce the specific application can learn anything at any time, any place, any way. of artificial intelligence in mobile learning.It include: 1)Mobile Mobile learning's distinctiveness: 1)To provide anytime, Intelligent Teaching Expert System(MITES).2)Mobile Intelligent anywhere learning environment. Learners can be in accordance Decision Support System(MIDSS).3)Mobile Intelligenct with the will to carry out its own study, out of the time and Information Retrieval Engine (MIIRE).4)Mobile Intelligent place'limitation. 2)Learning activities are more situational. Induct-learning System (MTIS).5)Intelligent Hardware Network Mobile learning provide the support for situational learning. (IHN).Finally, looking to the future,there are two main problems learning take place in the true and natural social context, about the artificial intelligence in mobile learning:1)Technical realize the real "living learning". 3)provide the Just-in-Time problems.2)Development of soft tools. learning content. Theoretical studies have shown that informal learning achieve about 70% in individual learning needs of the Keywords-artificial intelligence , mobile learning , application work. This form of learning play a key role to make people be competent for the work. Mobile learning support the needs of I. INTRODUCTION the informal learning's scene. With the development of wireless mobile network and the B. The meaning of artificial intelligence improve of the mobile communication equipment, it is Artificial intelligence are also called machine intelligence. possible to study any where and any time. Mobile It use artificial methods to achieve intelligence on machine learning(m-learning) come into the modern's life and (computer). It is the simulation of artificial intelligence on becoming a popular way in learning. Mobile learning has a lot machine,or make the machine have the human-like intelligent. of advantages in following aspects such as portability, It is a comprehensive discipline which based on the the interactive, easy to operate, and Targeted users. So, it attracted combination and growth of computer science, control theory, a large number of learners. In this situation, the information in information theory, neurophysiology, psychology, linguistics Mobile Learning become more and more. It makes the and so on. However ,there has been no an unified definition on Artificial Intelligence(AI) in mobile learning more and more artificial intelligence at present.There have a variety of claims important. It is necessary to reseach on it. and definitions in the academic. However, by its nature, A. The meaning of mobile learning artificial intelligence is a science of research, design and application of intelligent machines or intelligent system to There are different interpretations from different point of simulate human intelligent capabilities and extension of human view about the meaning of mobile learning in the current intelligence. academic community. They can be broadly divided into three kinds as following. The first viewpoint thinks that mobile The researchs on artificial intelligence always carry out learning is a new form in Distance learning. The second combined with the applications. Artificial intelligence is an viewpoint thinks that mobile learning is the new expansion of interdiscipline.It is a comprehensive technical discipline e-Learning. From the perspective of cognitive learning, the related to psychology, cognitive science, science, information third viewpoint thinks that mobile learning is a new technology science, system science,biological sciences and so on. It has and a new way of learning by its characteristicsis such as made great achievements on knowledge processing, pattern 978-0-7695-4223-2/10 $26.00 © 2010 IEEE 80 81 DOI 10.1109/ICSEM.2010.28
  • 2. recognition, natural language processing, game, automatic technology and mobile media, to form the open interactive theorem proving, automatic programming, expert system, teaching system. Students can be obtained the knowledge from intelligent robot of knowledge Database.It formed a wide the system through mobile devices.System can teach different range of directions of development.Now,the research on according to the student’s knowledge, abilities and learning artificial intelligence always carry out by three ways as methods. It can achieve the best teaching effect and real realize following:1)Use the mathod of biological sciences to explore the individualized adaptive teaching. MITES is a new the nature of human intelligence.2) Use the mathod of educational technology witch is based on cognitive science and computer science.It use the connection-oriented mechanism thinking science , integrated artificial intelligence technology, base on network connection, use the artificial neural network educational psychology and other disciplines’knowledge. The to simulate the image of human thinking.This mathod could role of MITES is to seek a cognitive model of learning ,make solve the knowledge which is difficult to express by using the learners receive the individualized adaptive learning,make symbols.3)Use the mathod of physiology. the learning faster and more effective by researching the characteristics and processes of study. II. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL MITES systems usually have the following intelligence: INTELLIGENCE IN MOBILE LEARNING 1)Can automatically generate a variety of problems and Mobile learning made a huge impact on traditional mode of exercises. education.It has far-reaching significance. It not only changed the significant deficiencies on the traditional mode of 2)According to the different levels of students in education that is limited by space and time,but also make learning,select the appropriate learning content and the teaching in an interesting way, enable learners to become more corresponding adjustment of the progress of teaching. dynamic, attract a large number of people to carry out mobile 3)Able to solve the problem automatically and generate the learning enthusiastically.Anybody can go to the world of answer based on understand the teaching content. mobile learning,any time,any where.But mobile learning is still in the early stages of development at present.It still have many 4)Have natural language generation and understanding in problems in practical applications. order to achieve relatively free Questions and Answers about the system and in order to enhance the initiative 1)The learning support service system in mobile learning is human-computer interaction. Unsatisfactory.The means are still very backward. There are many limitations in services.It lacks initiative, targeted and 5)Has the capacity to explain the teaching content. strategic. 6)Can diagnosis of student errors, analysis of the causes of 2)How to realize the open of the test in mobile errors and take corrective measures. learning.How to ensure the objective and impartial, scientific, 7)Can evaluate the behavior of students. authority and timeliness of examination. 8)Can continuous improve the teaching strategies in 3) The Mobile Learning Network system and the network teaching. information query capabilities is still very limited. B. Mobile Intelligent Decision Support System(MIDSS) 4) The core support of mobile learning - mobile learning resources, has not been fully adapted to the characteristics of The basic components of MIDSS system include: data base, mobile learning. model base, method base, man-machine interface and intelligent components. These basic components can be 5)In mobile learning, learners lack individual active composed of two types of system structure:four base structure interaction.To the common problem among students,it can not and the fusion structure. MIDSS shows strong growth potential be automatically carried out statistical analysis, Lenovo, etc.. and a bright future in the field of mobile learning applications. In view of the current situation,it is very necessary to apply This system is able to provide learners the necessary data , the artificial intelligence technology in mobile learning.It is an information and background materials to provide important way to improve the mobile learning. decision-making, to help clear goals and decision-making problem identification, to establish or modify the III. THE SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL decision-making model, to provide a range of options, and a INTELLIGENCE IN MOBILE LEARNING variety of program evaluation and selection excellent features of human-computer interaction analysis, comparison and to A. Mobile Intelligent Teaching Expert System(MITES) determine, to provide the necessary support for the correct and MITES can provide an intelligent teaching environment. It effective decision-making. simulate the teaching thought processes of experts and professors, use the advanced teaching methods,such as AI 81 82
  • 3. C. Mobile Intelligenct Information Retrieval Engine network system provide users with some knowledge in the field of information processing or to achieve some kind of (MIIRE) decision support needs. Mobile network is the hardware based In mobile learning, learners often find information of mobile learning. With the development of information of resources through the network. Therefore, how to provide human society and the increasing popularity of the network, quality information retrieval services is one of the important mobile learning via the web will require not only integration of contents of Support services at a distance. Mobile Intelligent multimedia information processing capabilities, but also the retrieval is in fact to pvovide the Intelligence engine in mobile network to provide high-level information-processing capacity, learning. Existing search engines are server-side software, do that is, With regard to the processing power of not have intelligence and the high-accuracy retrieval, retrieval knowledge.According to the current situation,it is a far-sighted engine require format input string. If move the search engine to choice to make the mobile network more intelligenct by using mobile client, and to enable them to self-analysis, to the IHN. understand the interest of learners, which have a certain degree of intelligence, can collect the information based on user's will IV. PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE in the internet. MIIRE is an important part of navigation System. Such as personal intelligent navigation system based A. Technical problems on Java,have a certain degree of self-learning function that can Artificial Intelligence in mobile learning needs a good automatically collect and record the user's browsing habits, mobile learning environment. Technology as a hard and fast and according to different users in different navigation conditions related to the success of mobile learning to carry recommendations to allow users to accurately access the out. Mobile learning still have to face the technical problems in necessary resources. From a technical point of view, the key the future. While the 3G wireless network technology has cut a technology to develop the mobile intelligenct information striking figure, new generation of communications retrieval system is the intelligenct engine. technology's maximum transfer rate has been greater growth, Mobile wireless technology has previously been a D. Mobile Intelligent Induct-learning System (MTIS) breakthrough and progress than before, but the popularity of MTIS is a support services system. Support services is an wireless networks can't be solved overnight. With the problem important constituent element of mobile learning. To establish of the popularity of wireless network, there is internet charge and maintain an efficient and flexible, strong support services problem. Due to the high cost of wireless Internet access, the sub-system is to effectively develop, manage and implement average consumer does not have the opportunity to access the projects to ensure that mobile learning. Support services aimed Internet. This is to a large extent hampered the enthusiasm of at creating a good learning environment so that students end-user. Mobile communications equipment is also an quickly and easily call a variety of resources, to accept the full important factor which can affect the future development of range of services on learning, learning for success. Intelligent mobile learning. Although the development of mobile Agent is in the field of distributed artificial intelligence, a equipments is rapid, but its support in the mobile learning major application, which aims to reduce the use of complex application is still not enough. software and the implementation of the burden of tedious tasks and maximize efficiency, intelligence-based technology built B. Development of soft tools AGENT Mobile Intelligent Guidance System, can who guided Now, artificial intelligence in mobile learning is still in the the development and implementation of different learning preliminary stages of development. The soft tools for Artificial strategies and take the initiative to provide personalized Intelligence in mobile learning are very scarce. At present, services Guidance, so that Guidance has a focused and most of the tools is used for other applications, some of its forward-looking; in guiding the strategy under the guidance of functions is to be used for personal knowledge management. automatic generation of a variety of issues and practice, These complex tools have led to great inconvenience in rational planning to adjust the content and progress of learning applications. Educational institutions should be the best choice and has a diagnostic function, diagnostic errors in the study, to promote mobile learning in the future. However, due to the analysis and improvement of the reasons; through feedback special nature of mobile learning, the most effective solution is automatically correct guiding strategy, and make them more in cooperation. Development of the whole industry needs the line with the learner's own knowledge base and cognitive Government, the mobile device manufacturers and educational characteristics. software developer's support. So, the development of tools can meet the needs of Artificial Intelligence in mobile learning. E. Intelligent Hardware Network (IHN) The “intelligent”here means " operation intelligence" and The research on artificial intelligence have a wide range of "service intelligence ". Operation intelligence is the applications in various fields.The development of artificial intelligence of running, maintenance and management of the intelligence is very fast. The application of artificial mobile network system. Service intelligence is that Mobile 82 83
  • 4. intelligence in mobile learning will bring us into a new world and make learning easier. REFERENCES [1] Paul A·Dorsey·What is PKM [DB/OL]·http: // www·millikin·edu/webmaster/seminar/pkm·html,2008-6-22. [2] J.Liebowitz.Knowledge Management And itsLink to Artificial Intelligence[J].Expert Systems With Applications.2001(20). [3] Ikujiro Nonaka, Ryoko Toyama and Noboru Konno. SECI,Ba and Leadership:a Unified Model of Dynamic Knowledge Creation[J].2002(10):33 [4] Ball M K. The next evolution of knowledge management[EB/OL]. http : //www. kmworld. com/publications/ whitepa-pers/kmworldpaper02.pdf, 2002. [5] Sakawa MወKatoወKዊCooling load prediction in a district heating and cooling system through simplified robust filter and multilayered neural network[J]ዊ Applied Artificial Intelligence ወ 2001 ወ (15) ዖ 633ዊ [6] AIዉtabtabai HዊA framework for developing an expert analysis and forecasting system for construction projects[J]ዊExpert System With Applicationወ1998ወ(14)ዖ259ዊ [7] De Raedt L, Kersting K. Probabilistic logic learning [EB/OL]. http://www.acm.org/sigs/sigkdd/explorations,2002· [8] Venkata R.Taxonomies,categorization and organizational agility[EB/OL].http://www. kmworld. com/ publications/ whitepapers/kmworldpaper02.pdf, 2002. [9] Turban E, Aronson J E. Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems[M].BeiJing: Tsinghua University Press, 2000. 754-756. [10] Trifonova, J. Knapp, & M. Ronchetti, E-learning versus M-learning: Experiences, a prototype and first experimental results, Proc. ED-Media 2005, June 27–July 2, 2005, Montreal, Canada, 2005, 4751–4758. [11] T. Goh & D. Kinshuk, Getting ready for mobile learning—adaptation perspective, Journal of Educational Multimediaand Hypermedia, 15(2), 2006, 175–198. [12] E. Weippl, Improving security in mobile E-learning, Proc. ED-MEDIA, Lugano, Switzerland, 2004, AACE, 209–216. [13] L. Neal, Predictions for 2006: E-learning experts map the road ahead, eLearn Magazine, ACM, 2006. [14] E. R. Weippl, Security in E-learning. (New York: Springer, 2005), ISBN 0-387-24341-0. [15] Holzinger, A. Nischelwitzer, & M. Meisenberger, Mobile phones as a challenge for m-learning: Examples for mobile interactive learning objects (MILOs), Proc. of the 3rd Int. Conf. on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom 2005 Workshops), IEEE, 2005. [16] J. Attewell, Mobile technologies and learning: A technology update and m-learning project summary, Technology Enhanced Learning Research Centre, ISBN 1-84572-140-3. 83 84