4. Foreign direct investment in Iran increased 14-17% since 2011,
about 70% of which went to Iran’s oil and gas industries.
During the last three years, as a result of intensified sanctions and
failed domestic financial policies, especially subsidy reforms,
Iranian currency lost about two-thirds of its value. Iran’s “flexible
exchange rate.
Because of their potential willingness to flaunt sanctions, Iran has
increasingly approached Russia, China, and India to increase
foreign investment.
6. It can be recommended to the Iranian government to
maintain a fixed exchange rate and at the same time
control inflation to create a safe and predictable
environment for foreign investors.
Increase efforts to improve their relationship with the West,
particularly with the US, to facilitate the lifting of sanctions.
Advisable that Iran starts enforcing international courts’
decisions and laws to provide a sense of security for foreign
investors.
Restrict the IRGC and Bonyads’ involvement in economic
affairs to establish an environment of equal opportunity for
all investors.
7. OPEC is facing internal strains due to
U.S. shale boom
U.S. shale oil will continue to cut into the OPEC’s share of global
oil production, which will reflect primarily through the decreased
exports to the United States and additional downward pressure
on oil prices.
In addition, Iranian and Iraqi plans to scale-up their oil production
could produce a significant stir within the organisation and
escalate tensions with Saudi Arabia. Iran’s recent pledge to
increase its production for more than 1mb/d, regardless of the
potential for the oil prices to plunge significantly did not go well
with the cartel’s informal leader
8. Iran has 157.01 billion barrels of proven oil reserves - that is about 10%
of world proven reserves
9. Domestic consumption in Iran has risen dramatically since 1980 when
extensive subsidies for fuel were introduced. In 2010 domestic fuel
consumption stood at 1.845 million barrels of Oil a day, however, recent
measures to reform the subsidy system begun to reverse this trend.
Notably as of October 2011 fuel consumption is recorded to have fallen
by between 4% and 19%.
11. The Bandar Abbas Refinery produces 19 percent of Iran’s
total oil products, according to an industry publication.
Bandar Abbas had a total daily refining capacity of 320,000
bpd, according to Iran’s Shana.
Bandar Abbas Refinery planned to use from crude oil from
the Soroush and Noruz offshore oil fields in the Persian Gulf,
according to the Tehran Times.[6] The crude oil is taken from
Khark Island by tanker to the refinery, according to the
Iranian Pasargadoil Company
12. OIEC reports that the Bandar Abbas Refinery is designed to
meet the demands of Southern Iran and Iran’s central regions
via the 450 kilometer Bandar-Rafsanjan pipeline and be used
for export
Competitors -
• ABB Lummus ( Germany )
• Axens ( France )
• Bandar Abbas oil refinery corporation ( Baorco, Iran )
• Cortem Group ( Italy )
• Chiyoda Corporation ( Japan )
• Daelim Industrial Corporation ( South Korea )
OIEC – Oil industries engineering & construction.
13. The region typically produces two grades - the National Iranian
Oil Co's (NIOC) straight-run 280-CentiStokes (cst), mainly used as
feedstock in refineries, and the cracked 380-cst as bunkering
fuel (any type of fuel used aboard ships).
Iranian cargoes are in high demand in Asia because their low-
density, low-water specs allow blenders to extract more value
from the oil.
14. Iran began in 2006 with plans to create a global strategic
petroleum reserve with the construction of 15 crude oil
storage tanks with a planned capacity of 10 million barrels
(1,600,000 m3).
The storage capacity of oil products in the country is
around 11.5 billion liters (2011), but it will reach 16.7 billion
liters by the end of the Fifth Five Year Development Plan
(2010-2015).
As of 2012, Iran is capable of storing crude oil in the
Persian Gulf for a period of 10–12 days. The figure should
hit 30–40 days after the construction of new storage
facilities are completed
15. Iran has held observer status at the World Trade Organization
(WTO) since 2005. Although the United States has consistently
blocked its bid to join the organization, observer status came
in a goodwill gesture to ease nuclear negotiations between
Iran and the international community
. The UN Security Council imposed sanctions against select
companies linked to the nuclear program, thus furthering the
country's economic isolation
The IEA estimated that Iranian exports fell to a record of
860,000 bpd in September 2012 from 2.2 million bpd at the
end of 2011. lead to drop in revenues and clashes on the
streets of Tehran when the local currency, the rial, collapsed.
September 2012 output was Iran's lowest since 1988
16. Although Iran does not offer universal social protection, in
1996, the Iranian Center for Statistics estimated that more than
73% of the Iranian population was covered by social
security.[Membership of the social security system for all
employees is compulsory.
Social security ensures employee protection against
unemployment, disease, old age and occupational
accidents.[In 2003, the government began to consolidate its
welfare organizations to eliminate redundancy and
inefficiency
18. Employees between the age of 18 and 65 years are
covered by the social security system with financing shared
between the employee (7% of salary), the employer (20–
23%) and the state, which in turn supplements the employer
contribution up to 3%.
Social security applies to self-employed workers, who
voluntarily contribute between 12% and 18% of income
depending on the protection sought.Civil servants, the
regular military, law enforcement agencies, and IRGC have
their own pension systems
21. Bank rates of banks in Iran
Cost of production
Cost of capital
Technological changes
Technology brought from which country ?
References at last page
Energy – Imp-
Iranian Rial Devaluation
22. In " Future 20-years Prospect" National Act and Economical
Planning of Oil Industry, the essential strategy of the Government
has been based on the development of economical activities
related to oil, gas and petrochemical industries. Meanwhile,
energy saving subject to optimum energy consumption in oil
industry has been emphasized. Comprehensive operational
improvement of productivity and efficiency, especially for
optimum energy consumption and minimum environmental
pollution, is a key positive attitude.
Phase one : feasibility study and data gathering
Phase two: energy consumption audit
Phase three: analysis and solutions along with economical
evaluations
23. The state government has started the process of
acquiring about 926 hectare for the proposed 9 mtpa
refinery project near the Barmer oil fields of Cairn India. It
may also take equity in the project besides giving fiscal
concessions to make it viable.
Notas del editor
Bonyads are charitable trusts in Iran that play a significant role in Iran's non-petroleum economy, controlling an estimated 20% of Iran's GDP