Semantics In Declarative Systems

Semantics in Declarative System The Evolution of Business Unit Empowerment Dan McCreary Dan McCreary & Associates Wednesday, 5/23/2007 8:00 AM - 9:00 AM Level: Business/Strategic M D Metadata Solutions

Presentation Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Note: All opinions stated in this paper are solely those of the author.

Presentation Summary (cont) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Presentation Includes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Evolution Metaphors ,[object Object],[object Object]

Evolution: Specialization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],See Wikipedia "Darwin's Finches"

Evolution: Generalization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Computer Science Abstractions time Higher abstractions Assembly 1010001010 Fortran FOR I = 1 TO 10 DO Structured Function(A, B) Object Class MyClass( Method MyMethod Declarative <xf:input> <xf:label>

The Software Development Process ,[object Object],[object Object],Requirements (BA) Design (Architect) Build (Programmer) Test (QA Staff) Declarative Languages

A Declarative “System” Is… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Computer Science Definition ,[object Object],[object Object],Declarative Languages Functional Languages Logic Languages Constraint Languages Have sub-types See Wikipedia “Declarative Programming”

Declarative Systems and Context ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],* See: http://wordnet.princeton.edu

HTML, CSS and SQL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> < html xmlns =" http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml "> < head > < title > Declarative Systems </ title > </ head > < body > < h1 > Introduction to Declarative Systems </ h1 > < p class =" author "> Dan McCreary </ p > < p class =" date "> April 2007 </ p > </ body > </ html > HTML /* global CSS used by all web pages */ body { font-family : Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size : 75%; margin : 0; padding : 0; width : 1000px; } h1 { color : blue ; padding : 0 15px; } CSS -- Old expensive books SELECT title, author, price, pubyear FROM books WHERE price > 100 AND pubyear BEFORE ‘1960’ ORDER BY title SQL xquery version "1.0" ; < html >< body > < h1 > Old Expensive Books </ h1 > < ul > { for $book in doc ( "books.xml" )//book order by $book /title return < li > { $book /title}, { $book }/author}, { $book }/price}, { $book }/pubyear} </ li > } </ ul ></ body ></ html > XQuery http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html32#body

XML Schema Sample ,[object Object],[object Object],See: http://www.altova.com/products/xmlspy/graphical_xml_schema_editor.html

Use Case: Electronic Forms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Forms Players <html> <head> <xf:model> <xf:/model> <head> <body> <xf:input> </xf:input> </body> </html> My-XForm.xhtml See Wikipedia “XForms” Rendered Form XForms “Players” XForms Extension Mobile Client Forms Server Netfront Mobile

What Is Declarativeness for A Context? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Schema Drawing Tool XML Schema File (.xsd) XForms xf|input:required {font-weight: bold;} xf|input:required .xf-value {background-color:#fff6af;} *:required::after {font-weight:bold; font-size:1.5em; content: "*"; color: red; } XForms CSS tags

Declarative Spectrum ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],HTML Java Assembly Language C C++ JavaScript C# CSS XSL XML Schema Apache Ant XForms XQuery XQuery Update SQL XPath Ruby perl Groovy Python XUL Narrow Purpose More Abstract General Purpose Less Abstract

Middle-Tiers Remain Procedural ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],user database declarativeness Presentation/style (client tier) Data definition, insert, selection and update (persistence tier) Business Logic (middle tier) See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_web_application_frameworks and http://www.cmsmatrix.org

The Application Development Puzzle Semantics Constraints Presentation Build Publish Transform Workflow Query Update Forms

Filling In Each Piece With A Declarative Language XMLSchema CSS HTML Apache Ant Metadata Registry Cocoon XSL BPEL XQuery XQuery Update XForms

Semantically Precise Vocabularies See: http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:XML-based_standards XML Business Reporting Language XBRL US Department of Justice (registry) GJXDM School Interoperability Framework SIF OpenTravel Alliance (Travel industry) OTA National Information Exchange Model (registry) NIEM Mortgage Industry MISMO Healthcare (now using XML) HL7 Banking (Financial Information eXchange) FixML Financial Products Markup Language FpML Insurance Industry Forms Data ACORD Syndication/Notification Atom/RSS Domain Standard

Metadata Shopping Tools ,[object Object],[object Object],Phone Address FirstName See http://niem.gtri.gatech.edu/iepd-ssgt/SSGT-SearchSubmit.do

Criteria for Semantic Precision ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Examples: filetype:owl, filetype:xsd See “Metadata publishing” Wikipedia

If You Use Industry Standards… You Could Be Almost Done… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],See also: http:// www.alphaworks.ibm.com/tech/purexml See: http:// www.exist-db.org

Accessibility Lower costs by moving routine logic maintenance to lower levels in the pyramid Business Analysts SMEs and GUI Tools Users ,[object Object],[object Object],Procedural Programmers ,[object Object],IT Strategists ,[object Object],[object Object]

Java Libraries 10,000 class and 100,000+ methods available … but which ones are relevant to your business problem?

“ Less is More” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],See Wikipedia “Minimalism” Mies van der Rohe Reconstruction of the German Pavilion in Barcelona

Learning XForms Vocabulary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: W3C XForms Quick Reference http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/Forms/2006/xforms-qr.html

Recognizing XForms Structures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Color coding limited vocabularies can increase the speed of pattern matching. Look for advanced text editors to provide custom element coloring.

The New Semantics of "Nutshell" ,[object Object],[object Object],nutshell : something of small size, amount, or scope in a nutshell : in a very brief statement 992 pages

Procedural Programming is Not “Poison” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Popular Language Have Better Tools ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],demand Limited supply curve $ quantity Limited resource cost curve Whuffie curve Whuffie is a reputation based currency. Prices drop as demand increases. The higher demand for a good debugger, the better open-source products will become.

If You Give a Kid a Hammer… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],* Source: Shoshana Zuboff: In the Age of the Smart Machine (1988) … the whole world becomes a nail

Use Case: Build Scripts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Use Case: Data Selection With XQuery ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Semantics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Reference: WordNet

Semantic Triangle ,[object Object],[object Object],referent concept symbol “ cat” Wikipedia: Semiotic triangle

Communication ,[object Object],[object Object],“ cat” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Same symbol – different meaning ,[object Object],[object Object],“ customer” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

High and Low Precision ,[object Object],vague standard vague usage Not-so-good precise standard vague usage better precise standard precise usage best

Semantic Precision ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Semantics of an XML Data Element ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],< code > 47 </ code >

Semantic Precision in Space and Time time space: (projects, organizations) Small Semantic Footprint (rapid prototype) Large Semantic Footprint (long lifetime systems) weeks months years 10+ years person team dept. world enter- prise

DRY Coding, XSL and MDA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Use Procedural “Glue” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Procedural “Glue” XQuery Update (JDBC) XForms XML (REST)

How Quickly Can We Create New Declarative Languages? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

How Quickly Can We Create Consensus? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],What factors impact the rate that species evolve? What impact does life span have on a species? How are design ideas exchanged between species?

Solution: Wikis and Collaboration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Parker Projection Time Source: Jason Parker, Minnesota Department of Revenue, November 2006 100% Relative Code Base Procedural code (Java, JavaScript, VB, C#, C++) Declarative code (XHTML, CSS, XSLT, XForms)

Top 10 Recommendations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Unanswered Questions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Selected References ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Semantics In Declarative Systems

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