Public health concerns in Viral epidemics and pandemicsupdates on corona 2019-2020
1. PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERNS IN
VIRAL EPIDEMICS AND PANDEMICS
UPDATES ON CORONA 2019-2020
DR.T.V.RAO MDSIT DOLOR AMET
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
2. PREVENTION OF VIRAL INFECTIONS
Preventing common viral
infections like the cold or flu is
something that everyone is
interested in, but it's especially
important for older adults, young
children, and people with
compromised immune systems—
groups that are most susceptible
to severe and deadly
complications.
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
3. EVERY ONE IS AT RISK WITH MICROBES , VIRAL INFECTIONS ARE
JUST PART ‘’’’’’
Of course, anyone can
get a viral infection that
can sideline them from
daily activities and
perhaps even
compromise their
health.
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
5. THE GREATEST PANDEMICS 1918 SPANISH FLU
Approximately 90 years before the 2009 swine flu pandemic killed more than
200,000 people, reports of an especially dangerous form of influenza began to
appear around the world. Kansas was the site of the first U.S. case, in March
1918. Appearing in multiple countries around the world, the disease spread
quickly, ushered along even faster due to the close living quarters of troops
fighting in World War I. This first instance of an H1N1 pandemic would be
dubbed The Spanish Flu (despite the fact that it didn’t actually come from
Spain). It burned out quickly and suddenly, by 1919, with the explanation still
unknown today. But it left the global population decimated—with a mortality
rate as high as one in five and an estimated one-third of the world population
afflicted, as many as 50 million people are believed to have died.
Approximately 25 million of those deaths came in the first 25 weeks of the
outbreak.
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
6. VIRAL INFECTIONS ARE IMPORTANT CAUSE OF MORBIDITY
AND MORTALITY
Viral infections have caused
between 20 to 48 percent of
deaths in children up to five
years old.1 Some simple steps,
from washing your hands to
staying hydrated, can go a long
way in providing you with viral
infection protection. Prevention
strategies are absolutely worth
your time and attention.
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
7. CONTROLLING VIRAL SPREAD – LEAST UNDERSTOOD MOST
CONFUSING
Controlling the spread of the virus
requires both public health and
medical measures—and for that we
need a clear clinical profile. Many
times that information is only just
being put together, but what we do
have is disturbing. Opinions generate
may be true for false and confusing as
happening with corona virus infection
out break raising from China
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
9. NEW THREAT TO EVERYONE
WHAT IS HAPPENING WITH CORONA VIRUS 2019- 2020
Like its siblings SARS and
MERS, the new coronavirus
causes pneumonia—the
infection of one or both
lungs. But that may be only
one potential syndrome,
which is one of the factors
making it difficult to spot
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
10. VIRUSES ARE SPREAD FROM ONE PERSON TO ANOTHER BY
Coughs
Sneezes
Vomits
Bites from infected animals or insects
Exposure to infected bodily fluids through
activities such as sexual intercourse or
sharing hypodermic needles.
Forgetting to wash your hands after handling
pets and animals is another way for germs to
be taken in by mouth.
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
11. VIRAL INFECTIONS ARE DIFFICULT TO CURE
Curing a viral infection
Antibiotics are useless against
viral infections. This is because
viruses are so simple that they
use their host cells to perform
their activities for them. So
antiviral drugs work differently to
antibiotics, by interfering with
the viral enzymes instead.
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
12. FEW TREATMENTS AVAILABLE FOR VIRAL INFECTIONS
Antiviral drugs are currently only
effective against a few viral
diseases, such as influenza, herpes,
hepatitis B and C and HIV – but
research is ongoing. A naturally
occurring protein, called interferon
(which the body produces to help
fight viral infections), can now be
produced in the laboratory and is
used to treat hepatitis C infections.
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
13. STEER CLEAR OF SICK PEOPLE BUT DIFFICULT
While it's not always possible to
avoid every person fighting a
viral infection, try to avoid
contact with those you know are
ill. This is especially true for
people with compromised
immune systems. In certain
situations, you might consider
wearing a mask.
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
14. HYGIENE CLEANLINESS AND HANDWASHING MATTERS IN
PREVENTION
If you can’t avoid sick
people (and even if you can),
step up your hand washing
and pay attention to your
other defenses against
germs, such as healthy
eating, not smoking, and
keeping allergies controlled.
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
15. DON’T SHARE
It might be hard to say no
when your best friend asks to
borrow your lipstick or your
child wants a sip of your drink.
But if you want to avoid getting
a viral infection, one of the
best ways to do that is to not
share germs.
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
16. MANY THINGS MATTERS IN SPREAD OF VIRAL INFECTIONS
Anything that goes on, in, or near a
person’s mouth can transfer
germs, and coming into contact
with another person's saliva is a
sure way to catch a virus. This
includes everything from obvious
items (forks, toothbrushes, straws,
etc.) to some that are perhaps less
so (face towels, cell phones,
pillowcases, etc.)
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
18. PREVENTION OF SEASONAL VIRAL INFECTIONS
Seasonal viral infections like
common cold and flu can be
prevented by practicing good
personal hygiene, especially when
it comes to washing hands and
avoiding touching the mouth and
the nose. It is also important to
avoid direct contact with persons
who are already ill.
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
19. VACCINES AND ANTI-VIRAL DRUGS FOR TREATMENT
Antiviral have been developed to treat genital herpes (herpes
simplex II) and influenza. For genital herpes, drugs such as
acyclovir can reduce the number and duration of episodes of active
viral disease, during which patients develop viral lesions in their
skin cells. As the virus remains latent in nervous tissue of the body
for life, this drug is not curative but can make the symptoms of the
disease more manageable. For influenza, drugs like Tamiflu
(oseltamivir) can reduce the duration of “flu” symptoms by 1 or 2
days, but the drug does not prevent symptoms entirely
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
20. GET A FLU SHOT
When it comes to preventing
illness during cold and flu
season, most people think of
the flu vaccine. The flu vaccine
contains protection against flu
strains the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC)
anticipates being the most
prevalent in a given year
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
21. WASH YOUR HANDS
Hand washing an effective
way to prevent getting
sick.5 A cold virus on your
hands can stay alive for up
to three hours. If during
that time you touch your
eyes or nose, you could
become infected.
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
22. HAND WASHING SIMPLE ACTION WITH GREAT BEENFITS
Good hand washing
includes using plenty
of soap, rubbing your
hands together, and
rinsing well under
warm running water
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
23. HAND SANITIZERS
Hand sanitizers are also an
option. These products are
made with alcohol and skin
softeners, and while they
cannot kill all germs, they can
significantly reduce your risk of
getting a cold or the flu virus.
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
24. BETTER APPROACHES TO PREVENT VIRAL EPIDEMICS AND
PANDEMICS
Avoid close contact with people who
are sick.
Stay home when you are sick.
Cover your cough or sneeze with a
tissue, then throw the tissue in the
trash.
Clean and disinfect frequently
touched objects and surfaces using a
regular household cleaning spray or
wipe.
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
25. IMMUNIZATION AGAINST VIRAL INFECTION IS NOT ALWAYS POSSIBLE
It is possible to vaccinate against many
serious viral infections such as measles,
mumps, hepatitis A and hepatitis B. An
aggressive worldwide vaccination
campaign, headed by the World Health
Organization (WHO), managed to wipe
out smallpox. However, some viruses –
such as those that cause the common
cold – are capable of mutating from one
person to the next. This is how an
infection with essentially different
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
26. BASIC SAFETY IN PREVENTION OF VIRAL INFECTIONS
Wash your hands thoroughly
with soap and warm water or
with an alcohol-based hand
sanitizer.
Keep your hands and fingers
away from your eyes, nose, and
mouth.
Avoid close contact with people
who are infected.
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
27. Public health guidelines on Emerging
CORONA (SARS like) virus infections
from CDC Atlanta
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
28. SUGGESTION FROM CDC ON PRESENT CORONA VIRUS INFECTIONS
take pain and fever medications (Caution:
do not give Aspirin to children)
use a room humidifier or take a hot
shower to help ease a sore throat and
cough
If you are mildly sick, you shoulddrink
plenty of liquids stay home and rest
If you are concerned about your
symptoms, you should see your
healthcare provider.
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
29. STAY HOME EXCEPT TO GET MEDICAL CARE
one should restrict activities
outside your home, except
for getting medical care. Do
not go to work, school, or
public areas. Do not use
public transportation, ride-
sharing, or taxis.
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
30. SEPARATE YOURSELF FROM OTHER PEOPLE IN YOUR HOME
As much as possible, you
should stay in a specific
room and away from
other people in your
home. Also, you should
use a separate bathroom,
if available.
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
31. WEAR A FACEMASK
You should wear a facemask when you
are around other people (e.g., sharing a
room or vehicle) and before you enter a
healthcare provider’s office. If you are
not able to wear a facemask (for
example, because it causes trouble
breathing), then people who live with
you should not stay in the same room
with you, or they should wear a
facemask if they enter your room.
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
32. COVER YOUR COUGHS AND SNEEZES
Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue
when you cough or sneeze. Throw used
tissues in a lined trash can and wash your
hands with soap and water for at least 20
seconds. If soap and water are not available,
immediately clean your hands with an
alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains
at least 60% alcohol, covering all surfaces
of your hands and rubbing them together
until they feel dry. Soap and water should be
used preferentially if hands are visibly dirty.
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
33. CLEAN YOUR HANDS
Wash your hands often with soap and
water for at least 20 seconds. If soap and
water are not available, clean your hands
with an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that
contains at least 60% alcohol, covering
all surfaces of your hands and rubbing
them together until they feel dry. Soap
and water should be used preferentially if
hands are visibly dirty. Avoid touching
your eyes, nose, and mouth with
unwashed hands.
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
34. AVOID SHARING PERSONAL HOUSEHOLD ITEMS
You should not share dishes,
drinking glasses, cups,
eating utensils, towels, or
bedding with other people in
your home. After using these
items, they should be
washed thoroughly with soap
and water
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
35. MONITOR YOUR SYMPTOMS
Seek prompt medical attention if
your illness is worsening (e.g.,
shortness of breath or difficulty
breathing). Before seeking care,
call your healthcare provider and
tell them that you have, or are
being evaluated for, 2019-nCoV
infection. Put on a facemask
before you enter the facility
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
36. DISCONTINUING HOME ISOLATION
Patients with confirmed 2019-nCoV
infection should remain under home
isolation precautions until the risk of
secondary transmission to others is
thought to be low. The decision to
discontinue home isolation precautions
should be made on a case-by-case basis,
in consultation with healthcare providers
and state and local health departments.
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
37. SELF TREATMENT IN VIRAL INFECTION MAY COST LIFE
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
38. REFERENCES AND RESOURCES
Interim guidance for persons who may have 2019
Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) to prevent spread in
homes and residential communities CDC updates
NIH
CDC WHO
International public health resource
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS
39. Program file created by Dr.T.V.Rao MD from web based
resources from CDC WHO NIH and Google for the benefit of
Medical Professional faceing the challenge of Viral
Pandemics and Epidemics
Dr.T.V.Rao MD
email doctortvrao@gmail.com
2/8/2020DR.T.V.RAO MD @VIRAL INFECTIONS