This document provides an overview of bone tissue and the skeletal system. It discusses the key functions of bone, the major tissues of the skeletal system including bone, cartilage, periosteum and endosteum. It describes the structure of long bones and the histology of compact and spongy bone. Bone formation occurs through two processes, intramembranous and endochondral ossification. Bone growth and remodeling requires balanced activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts and is regulated by minerals, vitamins and hormones like PTH, calcitonin, growth hormone and sex hormones. Calcium homeostasis in the body is maintained through hormonal control of calcium levels in the blood and bone.
The periosteum is only found on areas where there is no articular cartilage
Discuss only a typical long bone at this point. Later, other bone types will be discussed.
Named After Clopton Havers (1650?–1702), English physician and anatomist.
Maintaining blood calcium levels is more “important” than bone mineralization because normal heart function depends on a normal ionized serum calcium level (between 8.5-10.2 mg/dl)