Previous year question on leptospirosis based on neet pg, usmle, plab and fmge or mci screening exams

Which among the following is the culture media of leptospirosis?
A: Korthof
B:
Perki
n
C: Tisdale
D: Baker's
Correct Ans:A
Explanation
Leptospira can be grown in media enriched with rabbit serum. Several liquid
and semisolid media such as Korthof, Stuart’s and Fletcher’s media have been
described. Leptospires grow best under aerobic conditions at 28–30°C in
semisolid medium (EMJH, others) in 10 mL test tubes with 0.1% agar and 5-
fluorouracil. After 1–2 weeks, the leptospires produce a diffuse zone of growth
near the top of the tube and later a ring of growth at a level in the tube
corresponding to the level of the optimal oxygen tension for the organisms.
Ref: Ray C.G., Ryan K.J. (2010). Chapter 37. Spirochetes. In C.G. Ray, K.J.
Ryan (Eds), Sherris Medical Microbiology, 5e.
Sample Previous Year Question of Microbiology (Leptospirosis) based on
previous Year Questions of NEET PG, USMLE,PLAB,FMGE (MCI Screening).
Please visit www.medicoapps.org for more such Quizzes
Which among the following is the culture media of leptospirosis?
A: Korthof
B:
Perki
n
C: Tisdale
D: Baker's
Correct Ans:A
Explanation

Leptospira can be grown in media enriched with rabbit serum. Several liquid
and semisolid media such as Korthof, Stuart’s and Fletcher’s media have been
described. Leptospires grow best under aerobic conditions at 28–30°C in
semisolid medium (EMJH, others) in 10 mL test tubes with 0.1% agar and 5-
fluorouracil. After 1–2 weeks, the leptospires produce a diffuse zone of growth
near the top of the tube and later a ring of growth at a level in the tube
corresponding to the level of the optimal oxygen tension for the organisms.
Ref: Ray C.G., Ryan K.J. (2010). Chapter 37. Spirochetes. In C.G. Ray, K.J.
Ryan (Eds), Sherris Medical Microbiology, 5e.
Which of the following bacterial disease is associated with the 3 "Rs" i.e., rats,
ricefields, and rainfall?
A: Plague
B: Melioidosis
C: Leptospirosis
D: Rodent-bite fever
Correct Ans:C
Explanation
Leptospirosis is the bacterial disease that has been associated with the 3 "Rs" i.e.,
rats, ricefields, and rainfall. Leptospira infects various animals including rats
and other rodents, domestic livestock, and household pets. Animals excrete
leptospiras in urine, which contaminates water and soil. Swimming in
contaminated water or consuming contaminated food or drink results in human
infection.
Leptospira are tightly coiled, thin, motile, flexible spirochetes with very fine
spirals, one end is often bent forming a hook. Human infection usually results
from the entry of organism through breaks in the skin and mucus membranes.
Ref: Jawetz, Melnick and Adelberg's Medical Microbiology, 25th Edition,
Chapter 24; Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology By Warren
Levinson, 11th Edition, Chapter 24

Which of the following is not TRUE about transmission?
A: Legionella may be transmitted through water aerosols
B:
Listeria may be transmitted through refrigerated
food
C: Leptospirosis may be transmitted through water contaminated with rat urine
D: Tetanus may be transmitted through dust and droplets
Correct Ans:D
Explanation
Tetanus never spreads through droplet infection. It usually spreads to local
contact of spores with the wound.
Ref: Parija Subhash Chandra (2009), Chapter 29, “Clostridium”, In the book
“Textbook of Microbiology and Immunology”, Elsevier Publications, India, Page
247
All of the following statements about Leptospirosis are true, except:
A: Infection acquired by direct contact with infected urine
B:
Mortality is 5-15% in severe
cases
C: Antibodies are usually detectable in the first week
D: IV penicillin is recommended for treatment of severe cases
Correct Ans:C
Explanation
Antibodies are usually detectable from 12th day of disease and peaks level is seen
by the 3rd week. Low titres will be present for years.

Ref: Kliegman, Behrman, Jenson, Stanton (2008), “Nelson textbook of
Pediatrics”, Chapter 217, “Leptospira”, Volume 1, Page 1272; Textbook of
Microbiology by Ananthnarayan, 7th Edition, Page 392; Park’s Social and
Preventive Medicine , 20th Edition, Page 7255; Harrison's Principles of Internal
Medicine, 17th Edition, Pages 1050-51
Which of the following infectious disease is transmitted through Rat?
A: Leptospirosis
B:
Measle
s
C: Tetanus
D: Influenza
Correct Ans:A
Explanation
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease. Human to human transmission does not
occur. The most important sources of transmission of infection to humans are
rats, dogs, cattle, and pigs.
Leptospira:
 They are tightly and regularly coiled with characteristic hooked
ends.
 It is highly motile.
 The clinical hallmarks of this disease as an acute process IS
characterized by splenomegaly, jaundice, and nephritis.
 Weil's disease is characterized by variable combinations of
jaundice, acute kidney injury, hypotension, and hemorrhage.
Ref: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Chapter 171

Which among the following is NOT used in leptospirosis?
A: Microscopic agglutination test
B:
Dark field
illumination
C: Macroscopic agglutination test
D: Weil felix reaction
Correct Ans:D
Explanation
Weil felix reaction
Tetracycline is used in prophylaxis of which of the following diseases?
A: Cholera
B: Brucellosis
C: Leptospirosis
D: Meningitis
Correct Ans:A
Explanation
Tetracycline is the drug of choice for chemoprophylaxis of cholera.
Ref: Preventive and Social Medicine, by K.Park, 19th edition, Page 106, 193, 194, 141,
142; Harrison’s Internal Medicine, 16th edition, Page 917, 991.

Which of the following statements about Leptospirosis is true?
A: Rats are prime reservoirs
B: Fluoroquinolones are the drug of choice
C: Person to person Transmission is common
D: Hepatorenal syndrome may occur in upto 50% of patients
Correct Ans:A
Explanation
Rats and small rodents, particularly R.norvegicus and Mus musculus are the most important
reservoirs.
Ref: Preventive and Social Medicine, by K.Park, 19th edition, Page 243, 244; Harrison’s
Principle of Internal Medicine, 16th edition, Page 990.
Drug of choice for treatment of leptospirosis is:
A: Penicillin
B: Ampicillin
C: Tetracycline
D: Doxycycline
Correct Ans:A
Explanation
Penicillin is the drug of choice for treatment of leptospirosis. Other drugs used are
tetracycline and doxycycline.
Ref: Park 21st edition, page 267.

What is the recommended drug for treatment of leptospirosis?
A: Penicillin
B: Tetracycline
C: Azithromycin
D: Erythromycin
Correct Ans:A
Explanation
Penicillin is the drug of choice for treatment of leptospirosis. Tetracycline or doxycycline
may also be used.
Montenegro test is used for diagnosis of:
A: Kala azar
B:
Lepros
y
C: Malaria
D: Leptospirosis
Correct Ans:A
Explanation
Montenegro or Leishmanin test is a skin test used for diagnosis of kala azar. Intradermal
injection of 0.1 ml leishmanin antigen is given on flexor surface of forearm. The skin is
examined for for induration after 48 to 72 hours. A reading of >5 mm is considered positive
for kala azar.

Which of the following organism can cause acalculous cholecystitis?
A: Leptospirosis
B:
Malari
a
C: Staphylococcus
D: Nocardiosis
Correct Ans:A
Explanation
Precipitating factors for acalculous cholecystitis are vasculitis, obstructing adenocarcinoma
of the gallbladder, diabetes mellitus, torsion of the gallbladder, "unusual" bacterial
infections of the gallbladder (e.g., Leptospira, Streptococcus, Salmonella, or Vibrio
cholerae).
Reference:
Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Page 2621

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Previous year question on leptospirosis based on neet pg, usmle, plab and fmge or mci screening exams