1. PHARMACOLOGY
Jayesh Patidar

2. DIGOXIN (LANOXIN)
D – dig level 2ng/mL or greater is toxic
I – inhibits sodium-potassium ATPase
G – GI or CNS signs signs indicate
adverse effects (nausea/anorexia for
adult toxicity, stomach upset in older
child)
O – output, intake, and weight should be
monitored

3. X – don’t give if pulse is less than 60
beats/min
I – indicated for CHF, atrial fibrillation
N – note potassium, ECG and renal
function tests

4. EPINEPHRINE
N – nervousness (undesirable effect)
A – angina, arrhythmia (undesirable
effect)
S – sugar is increased
C – cardiac arrest

5. A – allergic reaction
R – respiratory - bronchodilator

6. NOREPINEPHRINE
(LEVOPHED)
S – stimulates alpha and beta
adrenergic receptors
H – hypovolemia – should be corrected
before using drug
O – output of urine should increase

7. C – constriction of blood vessels
K – keep monitoring vital signs every 5
to 15 minutes

8. NITROGLYCERIN
A – avoid alcohol
N – Note BP and apical pulse before
administration
G – given to relax the vascular smooth
system
I – indicated for angina pectoris

9. N – note for postural hypotension; rise
slowly
A – advice client to seek medical
assistance if pain is unrelieved after 3
doses with 5 minute interval

10. ACE INHIBITORS
S – suppresses renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone system
W – warn client with renal or thyroid
diseases
E – ends with pril - captopril (capoten);
enalapril (vasotec)

11. R – rise slowly to reduce orthostatic
hypotension
T – treatment of hypertension
E – evaluate blood pressure

12. BETA-ADRENERGIC
BLOCKERS
Ends with lol – atenolol (Tenormin)
B – bradycardia
B – blood pressure is too low
B – bronchial constriction
B – blood sugar is masked when low

13. CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER
 Amlodipine (Norvasc), Diltiazem
(Cardizem), Nifedipine (Procardia)
B – blocks calcium access to the cells
I – indicated for hypertension
L – let client take drug with meals or milk
L - light and moisture - protect

14. DIURETICS
 Loop – furosemide (Lasix)
 Thiazides – chlorothiazide (Diuril)
 Potassium sparing – spironolactone
(Aldactone)
 Osmotic – mannitol (Osmitrol)

15. D – diet; increase potassium for all
except aldactone
I – intake, output, daily weight
monitoring
U – undesirable effects: F&E imbalance
R – review HR, BP, and electrolytes

16. E – elderly careful; evening dose not
recommended
T – take with or after meals and in AM
I – increase risk of orthostatic
hypotension; move slowly
C – cancel alcohol and cigarettes

17. WARFARIN (COUMADIN)
 Prothrombin time is monitored (1.5-2.5
X control is the therapeutic range)
 Vitamin K is the antidote
 Green leafy vegetables should be
avoided

18. C – check vital signs, platelet
count, and PT
O – observe for bleeding
R – review bleeding protocol
A – avoid ASA, may use acetaminophen

19. HEPARIN SODIUM
 PTT must be monitored (1.5-2.5 X
control)
 Antidote is protamine sulfate is the
antidote
 Hospitalization is required for IV
Heparin

20. CLOPIDOGREL (PLAVIX)
B – bleeding, bronchospasms –
undesirable effects
L – lowers risk of atherosclerotic events
E – evaluate bruising
E – evaluate liver function
D – do take with food or after meals

21. HMG CoA INHIBITORS
 Competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA
reductase, an enzyme necessary for
cholesterol biosynthesis
 Indicated for hypercholesterolemia
 Atorvastatin (Lipitor), Simvastatin
(Zocor)

22. S – statin is the ending
T – take with food and at bedtime
A – always consume 2-3 liters of fluid
daily
T – teach client to do exercise and
weight reduction as well

23. T – treats hypercholesterolemia
I – increase fiber in diet
N – never give if with liver disease

24. ANTIHISTAMINES
 Cetirizine (Zyrtec); loratidine
(Claritine); diphenhydramine
(Benadryl); hydroxyzine (Atarax)
A – acts by blocking histamine release
at H1 receptors
T – take with food

25. E – educate client not to drive or
operate machinery if drowsiness
occurs
C – Commonly given for upper
respiratory allergic disorders and
anaphylactic reactions
L – let client eat candy or sugarless
gums if dry mouth occurs
E – eliminate alcohol (CNS depression)

26. ANTIBIOTICS
M – monitor superinfetions
E – evaluate renal/liver functions
D – diarrhea – take yogurt
I – inform provider prior to taking other
medications

27. C – cultures prior to initial dose
A – alcohol is out, ask about allergy
T – take full course
E – evaluate cultures, WBC,
temperature, blood

28. AMINOGLYCOSIDES
 Amikacin (Amikin); gentamicin
(Garamycin); Neomycin (Neobiotcs,
Mycifradin); Streptomycin
 Serious infections caused by gram-
negativ infections

29. CEPHALOSPORINS
 1st generation – often used in client
allergic to penicillin, gram positive
organisms, cefazolin (Ancef)
 2nd generation – gram negative,
cefuroxime (Zinacef)

30.  3rd generation – mostly gram negative
organisms, ceftazidime (Fortaz),
ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
 4th generation – gram-negative and
gram-positive, cefepime (Maxipime)

31. ALLOPURINOL (ZYLOPRIM)
G – gulp 10-12 glasses of fluid daily; GI
distress (undesirable effect)
O – output and input monitor closely
U – uric acid production decreased, use
no alcohol
T – take after meals

32. COLCHICINE
A – alcohol is out
C – cuts down on effects of B12
supplements
U – undesirable effects (oliguria, anemia,
diarrhea)
T – take with food
E – exacerbation - gout

33. PHENYTOIN (DILANTIN)
G – gingival hyperplasia
U – use alternate birth control
M – mouth care; preventative dental
check-up
S – soft toothbrush, don’t stop abruptly

34. LITHIUM
L – level-therapeutic (0.6-1.2mEq/L)
I – increased urination
T – thirst increased
H – headache and tremors
I – increase fluids

35. U – unsteady
M – monitor salt