Lecture notes for medical students

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6. Good for self study also.
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2. Introduction

3. Introduction
• The aortic arch has three main branches,
– Brachiocephalic,
– Left Common Carotid
– Left Subclavian.
The Brachiocephalic artery branches into the
Right Common Carotid
Right Subclavian arteries.

4. The arteries of the upper limb
• Subclavian artery
• Axillary artery
• Brachial artery
• Radial artery
• Ulnar
• Hand arteries

5. The arteries of the upper limb

6. The arteries of the upper limb
• Subclavian arteries supply the musculature
of the shoulders.
• At the lateral boarder of the 1st rib the
subclavian artery becomes the axillary
artery.
• The axillary artery becomes the Brachial
artery at the inferior boarder of Teres
major.
• At the elbow Axillary Art. divides into the
radial and ulnar arteries

7. Branches of the Axillary Artery

8. Branches of the Axillary Artery
• Superior Thoracic Artery
• Thoraco-Acromial
• Lateral Thoracic
• Subscapular
• Anterior Circumflex Humeral
• Posterior Circumflex Humeral

9. Brachial artery
• Before the Brachial artery bifurcates it has
two major branches:
• The Profunda Brachii Artery
• The Humeral Nutrient Artery
Blood pressure measurement

10. The Radial Artery

11. The Radial Artery
• The radial artery starts at the bifurcation of
the brachial artery at the distal margin of the
elbow.
• It ends with branches in the hand.

12. Branches of the radial artery
• Radial recurrent
• Palmar carpal branch of radial artery
• Superficial palmar branch
• Dorsal carpal branch
• First dorsal metacarpal artery
• The lateral side of the thumb receives a
branch directly from the radial artery.

13. The Ulnar Artery

14. The Ulnar Artery
• The ulnar artery starts at the bifurcation of
the brachial artery at the distal margin of the
elbow. It ends with branches in the hand.
• The ulnar artery has one main branch before
the wrist called the Common Interosseous
artery
• It branches into
– Anterior
– and posterior interosseous arteries.

15. Arteries of the Hand

16. Arteries of the Hand
• Both the radial and ulnar arteries branch and
anastomose to form both the superficial and
deep palmar arches.
• Both the superficial and deep palmar arches
have branches which radiated out to the tips
of the fingers.
• Blood supplied by the radial artery supplies
the thumb and half of the 1st finger. The
ulnar artery supplied the rest of the fingers.

17. Relations

18. Arteries of Lower Limb

19. Arteries of Lower Limb
• Common Iliac bifurcates into
– Internal Iliac artery
– External Iliac artery.

20. Internal Iliac Artery

21. Internal Iliac Artery
• Cranial Gluteal Artery
• Caudal Gluteal Artery
• Obturator Artery

22. External Iliac Artery

23. External Iliac Artery
• Femoral artery -The main artery of the
lower limb .
• It is a continuation of the external iliac
artery.
• The external iliac becomes the femoral
artery when it crosses under the inguinal
ligament.

24. Femoral artery:Branches

25. Femoral artery:Branches
• Profunda Femoris
• Superficial Femoral
• Superficial Circumflex Femoral
• Superficial Inferior Epigastric
• Superficial Pudendal a.

26. Profunda Femoris Artery
Three main branches:
• Perforating branches – Consists of three
or four arteries .
• Lateral femoral circumflex artery
• Medial femoral circumflex artery.

27. Popliteal Artery
Continuation of Superficial Femoral
Branches:
• Anterior tibial
• Posterior tibial artery
• Sural,
• Superior genicular
• Middle genicular
• Inferior genicular

28. Posterior Tibial Artery
Branches
• Medial plantar artery
• Lateral plantar artery
• Fibular (Peroneal )artery

29. Anterior Tibial Artery
• Passes above upper margin of
interosseus membrane
• Descends anterior to membrane
• Becomes superficial at ankle midway
between malleoli
• Continues as Dorsalis Pedis Artery
• Passes between 1st and 2nd metatarsals to join
plantar arch

30. Anterior Tibial Artery
Branches
• posterior tibial recurrent artery
• anterior tibial recurrent artery
• muscular branches
• anterior medial malleolar artery
• anterior lateral malleolar artery
• As Continues dorsalis pedis artery

31. Peroneal Artery
Branches:
• Communication branch to anterior tibial
artery.
• Perforating branch to Anterior lateral
malleolar artery.
• A calcaneal branch to the lateral part of the
calcaneus.

32. Dorsalis Pedis Artery
• Continuation of the anterior tibial artery.
• It terminates at the proximal part of the first
intermetatarsal space
Branches
• First dorsal metatarsal artery
• Deep plantar artery.

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