SEDATIVE, HYPNOTIC AND ANXIOLYTIC - 3 groups of drugs associated with this class of substance-related disorders
Associated with physical and psychological dependence also withdrawal symptoms
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MANAGEMENT OF SUBSTANCE RELATED PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERSEDATIVE, HYPNOTIC AND ANXIOLYTIC DRUGS AND INHALANTS
1. MANAGEMENT OF SUBSTANCE RELATED
PSYCHIATRIC DISORDER
SEDATIVE, HYPNOTIC AND ANXIOLYTIC
DRUGS AND INHALANTS
2. SEDATIVE, HYPNOTIC AND
ANXIOLYTIC
3 groups of drugs associated with this class of substance-
related disorders
Benzodiazepines (diazepam, flurazepam, oxazepam)
Barbiturates (secobarbital, pentobarbital, secobarbital-
amobarbital combination)
Barbiturate-like substances (methqualone, meprobamate)
Can be used as antiepileptic, muscle relaxants, and
anaesthetics
Associated with physical and psychological dependence
also withdrawal symptoms
3. EPIDEMIOLOGY
• About 6% of individuals have used either sedatives or
tranquilizers illicitly
• Highest prevalence was 26- to 34- years of age
• Slight male predominance
• About one quarter to one third of all substance-related
emergency room visits involve substances of this class
4. ROUTES OF
ADMINISTRATION
• Oral
Occasionally to achieve a time-limited specific effect
(young people)
Regularly to obtain a constant usually, mild intoxication
(middle age people)
• Intravenous
Young people intimately involved with illegal substances
Highly associated with rapid and profound tolerance,
dependence and a severe withdrawal syndrome
11. INHALANT DRUGS
Are volatile hydrocarbon that are inhaled for psychotropic
effects.
Eg : Toluene, n-hexane, methyl butyl ketone,
tricholoroethylene, trichloroethane, dichloromethane, gasoline,
butane.
Sold in 4 commercial classes:
o Solvents for glue & adhesives
o Propellants for aerosol paint sprays, hair sprays, frying pan sprays,
shaving cream
o Thinners (paint products, typing correction fluids)
o Fuels
Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol), a benzodiazepine used in Mexico, South America, and Europe but not available in the United States, has become a drug of abuse. When taken with alcohol, it has been associated with promiscuous sexual behavior and rape
Barbital and phenobarbital (Solfoton, Luminal), which was introduced shortly thereafter, are long-acting drugs with half-lives of 12 to 24 hours. Amobarbital is an intermediate-acting barbiturate with a half-life of 6 to 12 hours. Pentobarbital and secobarbital are short-acting barbiturates with half-lives of 3 to 6 hours
It is often used by young persons who believe that the substance heightens the pleasure of sexual activity
meprobamate (Equanil), a carbamate derivative that has weak efficacy as an antianxiety agent but has muscle-relaxant effects and is used for that purpose