Dr. David Steenblock has been specializing in regenerative medicine for over 40 years. This power point discusses how stem cells can regenerate the body and help you heal. To learn more about stem cell treatments, call 1-800-300-1063.

1. REGENERATION
David A. Steenblock, M.S., D.O.
Personalized Regenerative Medicine TM
Mission Viejo, California
26381 Crown Valley Pkwy, St. 130, Mission Viejo, Calif, USA; 800-300-1063

2. REGENERATION
 For optimum regeneration of a damaged
organ or entire body, there are three
important factors that need to be present.
 Healthy Stem cells of a newborn
 Growth factors- levels of a newborn
 Thymus factors- levels of a newborn

3. What are Stem Cells?
 Stem cells are the first cells of the embryo that
build new life.
 Stem cells continue to help with growth and
tissue repair as we age, BUT slow down after
40 years of age.
 Stem cells divide to create more stem cells so
theoretically if all of your stem cells remain
youthful, the body could repair itself forever
and you would only die from accidents.

4. Hematopoietic Stem Cells
 Hematopoietic stem cells (called CD34+)
are multipotent, undifferentiated
hematopoietic blood forming stem cells
(RBC, WBC, Platelets).
 Normal stem cells found in umbilical cord
blood and bone marrow.
 Form endothelial progenitors and
endothelial cells of vessels.
 CD34+ facilitates cell migration

5. Hematopoietic Stem Cells

6. Mesenchymal Stem Cells
 Multipotent “structure forming” stromal stem
cells.
 They produce bone cells, skin, chondrocytes,
fat cells, tendons, ligaments and muscle cells
and the extracellular matrix that supports the
neurons and other cells.
 Most primitive are from Wharton’s jelly and
umbilical cord blood.

7. Mesenchymal Stem Cells
 More recently, they have been able to produce
liver cells, pancreatic cells, heart cells, kidney
cells and neuron-like cells.
 They suppress immune function and are
beneficial for auto-immune conditions
 Fat is said to have 500 times more
Mesenchymal cells per gram than
unstimulated bone marrow has.

8. Mesenchymal Stem Cells

9. Neural Stem Cells
 Both the bone marrow of adults and the
umbilical cord blood of newborn babies have
very primitive cells that can easily divide into
neurons and retinal (eye) cells.
 This primitive subset of the hematopoietic stem
cells has the CD34+CD 133+ (CD=Cluster of
Differentiation molecule) on their surfaces.
 Used for most stem cell treatments in a variety
of conditions

10. Umbilical Cord Derived
Stem Cells
 Human umbilical cord derived stem cells include
hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem
cells, CD133+ neural progenitor cells, and Very
Small Embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs).
These cells are neuroprotective and can survive
and often thrive in the ischemic brain.
Sun T and Ma QH. Repairing Neural Injuries Using Human Umbilical
Cord Blood. Mol Neurobiol 2012: Dec 30. Epub ahead of print.

11. VSELs
 Very small embryonic-like stem cells are the
smallest (1-3 micron) and most primitive stem
cells currently being studied and used in
clinical human medicine around the world.
 Work especially well in ALS CSF treatments
and in severely damaged, ischemic tissue since
they thrive in an ischemic environment.

12. Stem Cells
 Stem cells are able to migrate, secrete
trophic factors, promote neuroprotection
and modulate the immune response.
Costa C, et al. Stem cell-based treatment of neurologic
diseases. Med Clin (Barc) 2012; 139(5): 208-14.

13. Stem Cells
 Stem cells create cell repair and
replacement through the growth
factors that they produce.

14. Live Cell Therapy
Paul Niehans in 1931, believed that the patients
improved with Live Cell therapy because:
1) cells injected into the muscles remain alive and
migrate towards the organs that need them.
2) injected cells remain alive at the injection site for
a prolonged period, being nourished there by the
host’s circulation and activating the deficiencies
of degenerated organs at a distance. ---
(Growth Factors)

15. Stem Cells
 Several studies have shown that the
growth factors in stem cells are the
healing factors. When the growth
factors are removed by antibodies, there
is little or no improvement in the
animals.

16. The Dilemma of Stem Cells
 Growth factors are very important.
 Growth of stem cells is what creates the
healing growth factors
 Death or inhibition of the stem cells will stop
the production of the growth factors
 Stem Cell treatments then fail!

17. Failure of Stem Cells
 The raw material not healthy i.e.
 In bone marrow the patient must be
ambulatory for the bone marrow stem cells
to be good.
 Chronic hypoxia such as in severe COPD
will make the bone marrow “sick” and
poorly functional.

18. Failure of Bone Marrow tm
 Acute or chronic infections.
 During traveling the person picks up a cold or
bacterial infection.
 Trauma to the head or other treated part will
disrupt growing blood vessels.
 Lack of growth hormones, thyroid, etc.

19. Failure of Bone Marrow tm
 Severe vibration from 3 days to 40 days after
the transplant – as in prolonged driving over
rough roads.
 The vibration destroys the new blood vessels.
 Severe stress for whatever reason
 Toxins such as alcohol will kill newly forming
tissue.

20. Bone Marrow Transplants
 Treat everyone as if they have just gotten
pregnant and so need to follow the same
guidelines.
 For example, avoid all fish so as to avoid
heavy metals.
 Most patients with chronic disease should be
properly treated for heavy metals, intestinal
dysbiosis and infections before treatment.

21. Growth Factors

22. Growth Factors
 Adrenomedullin (AM)
 Angiopoietin (Ang)
 Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)
 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
 Cartilage-derived angiogenesis inhibitor
 Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF)

23. Growth Factors
 Epidermal growth factor (EGF)
 Erythropoietin (EPO)
 Fibroblast growth factor (acidic and basic
FGF)
 Glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)
 Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-
CSF)

24. Growth Factors
 Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating
factor (GM-CSF)
 Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)
 Insulin
 Insulin-like growth factor 1α and II (IGF)
 Interferons α,β, and γ (IFN)

25. Growth Factors
 Interleukins
 Macrophage-activating factor (MAF)
 Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-
CSF)
 Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
 Nerve growth factor (NGF)
 Neurotrophins 3 and 4 (NT-3 and NT-4)

26. Growth Factors
 Placental growth factor (PIGF)
 Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
 Transforming growth factor α and β (TGF)
 Thrombopoietin (TPO)
 Tumor necrosis factor α and β (TNF)
 Wnt Signaling Pathway
 Vascular endothelial Factor (VEGF)

27. Additional Growth Factors
Some of the best growth factors available
for the clinicians of today include:
 Cerebrolysin (extract of embryonic pig
brain)
 Thymus extracts
 Placenta extracts

28. Cerebrolysin
 Cerebrolysin has neurotrophic factors and
peptide fragments that reduce the effects of
neurotoxicity.
 Cerebrolysin attenuates blood-brain barrier
disruption and brain damage from heat
exposure.
Sharma HS, et al. Neuroprotective effects of cerebrolysin, a combination
of different active fragments of neurotrophic factors and peptides on the
whole body hyperthermia-induced neurotoxicity. Int Rev Neurobio 2012;
102: 249-76.

29. Cerebrolysin
 Cerebrolysin decreases β-amyloid
deposition and tau phosphorylation.
 It also promotes neurogenesis in the dentate
gyrus of the hippocampus.
 In stroke studies, cerebrolysin stabilizes the
structural integrity of cells by inhibition of
calpain and reduces apoptosis in ischemic
lesions.

30. Cerebrolysin
 Cerebrolysin promotes axonal regeneration,
neuronal plasticity and neurogenesis in
stroke, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer’s
and spinal cord injury.
Masliah E et al, The pharmacology of neurotrophic treatment with
Cerebrolysin. Drugs Today 2012; 48 Suppl A: 3-24.

31. Cerebrolysin
 The safety of Cerebrolysin from clinical trials
and clinical use has shown that adverse
reactions were generally mild and transient.
Most adverse effects included vertigo, agitation,
rash and feeling hot. The results in clinical
trials showed the adverse events similar to the
placebo-treated groups.
Thome J and Doppler E. Safety profile of Cerebrolysin. Drugs Today (Barc)
2012; 48 Suppl A:63-9

32. Thymus Extract
 The thymus plays a crucial role in
generating T cells and maintaining
homeostasis of the immune system.
 With more than 30 peptides, they
comprise an effective group of regulators,
mediating important immune functions.

33. Thymus Extract
 Thymosin fraction 5 stimulates
lymphocyte proliferation and
differentiation.
 Prothymosin α and thymosin α1 show
promise in immunodeficiencies,
autoimmune disease, and malignancies.

34. Thymus Extract
 Prothymosin α is able to trigger
anticancer immune responses.
Ioannou K, et al. Prothymosin alpha: a ubiquitous polypeptide
with potential use in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Cancer
Immunol Immunother 2012; 61(5): 599-614.

35. Thymus Extract
 Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an
interleukin-7-like cytokine that is expressed in
epithelial cells at barrier surfaces. TSLP
strongly activates dendritic cells but without
producing proinflammatory cytokines
interleukin12, 6, TNF and interleukin 1.
Hanabuchi S, et al. TSLP and Immune Homeostasis. Allergology
International 2012; 61:19-25.

36. Thymus Degeneration
 Serious involution occurs at 50 years of age.
 Associated with the development of
autoimmune diseases.
 Increased absorption of endotoxins from GI
tract.
 Results in increased inflammation of body,
osteoarthritis, RA, hypertension and other
diseases of aging.

37. Thymus Regeneration
 Supplements of equal parts of Arginine and
lysine 3 grams of each per day,
 Thymic epithelial progenitor cells,
 Mesenchymal stem cells,
 Immune stimulation-repetitive.

38. Thymus Regeneration
 Interleukin 22 administration (mice),
 Thymus extracts from young animals,
 Growth Factors, cytokines,
 Androgen blockade in men (also increases
success rate of bone marrow stem cell
transplantation).

39. Placental Extract
 Human placenta has been used for wounds,
healing of burns, chronic ulcers and skin
defects.
 In this study with placental extracts, the mice
showed an acceleration in the reduction of
the wound size compared with the control
group on the 3rd to 9th day.

40. Placental Extract
 On the 6th day, there was a significant increase
in transforming growth factor beta in the
experimental group and on the 14th day, there
was a statistically significant increase in VEGF
in the experimental group.
 The authors conclude that placental extract
directly promotes wound healing.
Hong JW, et al. The effect of human placenta extract in a wound healing
model. Ann Plast Surg 2010; 65(1): 96-100.

41. Placental Extract
 In Korea, human placental extract is being
used to treat various diseases, including
chronic liver diseases, menopause syndrome,
chronic fatigue, skin pigment diseases, etc. In
this study menopausal women were given
placental extract, resulting in reduced
symptoms and reduced fatigue.
Kong MH, et al. Effect of human placental extract on menopausal
symptoms. Menopause 2008; 15(2): 296-303.

42. The Nervous System

43. The Nervous System
Neurotrophic growth factors promote
proliferation in specific cells as well as
regulate programmed cell death (apoptosis)
in other cells.
Neurotrophins include nerve growth factor,
brain-derived neurotrophic factor, ciliary
neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3 and -4,
and glial-derived neurotrophic factor.

44. Neural Growth Factor
Nerve Growth Factor

45. Neural Growth Factor (NGF)
 Nerve growth factor is important for the growth,
maintenance, and survival of certain neurons.
 It functions as a signaling molecule.
 NGF is critical for the survival and maintenance
of sympathetic and sensory neurons. Without it,
these neurons undergo apoptosis (programmed
cell death).

46. Neural Growth Factor
 Nerve growth factor promotes synaptic
plasticity in cholinergic neurons.
 It improves memory impairment.
 It also stimulates neurite outgrowth by
regulating cytoskeletal organization and
cell adhesion.

47. Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor

48. Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor
 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
also supports neuronal survival.
 It promotes neurogenesis and synaptic
function.
 BDNF also promotes long-term memory.
 BDNF is also expressed in the retina, motor
neurons, the CNS, the kidneys, prostate and
pancreas.

49. Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor
 Ciliary neurotrophic factor promotes
neurotransmitter synthesis and neurite
outgrowth. It also assists with neural and
oligodendrocyte survival.

50. Neurotrophin-3

51. Neurotrophin-3
 NT-3 supports neuronal survival and
differentiation.
 It also promotes the growth and
differentiation of new neurons and
synapses.

52. Neurotrophin-4
NT-4/5 interacts with the low affinity NGF
receptor and promotes neurite outgrowth.

53. Glial-derived Neurotrophic Factor
 GDNF promotes the survival and
differentiation of dopaminergic neurons and
prevents apoptosis in motor neurons. It also
assists with kidney development.

54. Glial-derived Neurotrophic Factor
 GDNF creates a signaling complex with the
receptor tyrosine kinase molecule RET which
requires the presence of heparan sulfate
glycoaminoglycans.
 The GDNF family includes neurturin,
artemin, and persephin.
 GDNF shows promising results with
Parkinson’s disease,ALS, alcohol and drug
addiction.

55. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
Vascular endothelial growth factor is also
important to neural function by
 promoting the growth and repair of blood
cells in the central and peripheral nervous
system and
 eliciting the assistance of BDNF and FGF
in neurogenesis.

56. Stem Cells and the Brain
Mesenchymal stem cell transplants
 promote endogenous neuronal growth,
 reduce apoptosis and free radicals,
 promote synaptic connections from
damaged neurons, and
 reduce inflammation.

57. Stem Cells and the Brain
Mesenchymal stem cells augment growth
factor support to the brain by releasing
 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
 Glial-derived neurotrophic factor
 Nerve growth factor
 Fibroblast growth factor-2
 Insulin growth factor-1
 Vascular endothelial growth factor

58. Stem Cells and the Brain
Mesenchymal stem cell transplants also
release:
 Extracellular matrix molecules that
support neural cell attachment, neural
growth and axonal extensions.
Joyce N, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of
neurodegenerative disease. Regen Med 2010; 5(6): 933-946.

59. Stem Cells and the Brain
Hematopoietic stem cells
 release VEGF for improving blood
circulation,
 Release GDNF to promote the growth of glial
cells and astrocytes to repair the white matter.
Cerebral palsy responds well to white matter
repair.

60. Stem Cells and the Brain
Hematopoietic stem cells also
 Release neurotrophin 3, nerve growth
factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor
and promote the growth of neural
progenitor cells to stimulate the growth of
a small percentage of neurons.
Bracci-Laudiero L et al. J Neuroimmunol 2003; 136(1-2): 130-9.
Chouthai NS et al. Prediatr Res 2003; 53(6): 965-9.

61. Stroke and Growth Factors
 Stem cell therapies can have little or no
effect in those who drink alcohol or have
infections or stress. Combining stem cell
therapies with growth factors helps the
patient get better results, whether or not the
stem cells survive.

62. Stroke and Growth Factors
 Cerebrolysin administration to 529 patients
with a placebo group of 541 subjects showed
better performance on the NIH Stroke Scale.
In addition, the cerebrolysin group had a 10.5%
mortality rate compared to a 20.2% rate with
the placebo group.
Heiss WD, et al. Cerebrolysin in patients with acute ischemic stroke in
Asia. Stroke 2012; 43(3): 630-6.

63. The Heart

64. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
ANP is a
 powerful vasodilator and a polypeptide
hormone secreted by heart muscle cells.
 It maintains homeostasis in water,
sodium, potassium and fat.
 It is released in response to high blood
pressure.

65. Fibroblast Growth Factor
 FGF is involved in angiogenesis, embryonic
growth and wound healing.
 It is involved in the proliferation and
differentiation of various cells.
 Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are required
for FGF signal transduction.

66. Hepatocyte Growth Factor
 HGF regulates cell growth, and is important for
embryonic development, adult regeneration and
wound healing.
 It is released by mesenchymal and hemato-
poietic stem cells and acts on endothelial cells,
epithelial cells and hematopoietic progenitor
cells.
 It activates a tyrosine kinase signaling cascade
to promote the growth of new cells.

67. Insulin-like Growth Factor

68. Insulin-like Growth Factor
 IGF is mainly secreted in the liver when
stimulated by growth hormone.
 It promotes cell proliferation and inhibits
apoptosis (programmed cell death).
 IGF 2 assists with fetal development and
IGF1 assists with achieving our maximum
growth and regulates neurogenesis. It is also
involved in hearing.

69. Platelet-derived growth factor
 PDGF can promote angiogenesis and
regulates cell growth and differentiation.
 It is a potent mitogen for mesenchymal
derived cells, including smooth muscle
cells and glial cells.
 It has a tyrosine kinase receptor.

70. Transforming Growth Factor
 TGF alpha induces epithelial development.
 It is also involved in tissue regeneration, cell
differentiation, embryonic development and
immune system regulation.
 It is produced in macrophages, the brain and in
keratinocytes.
 TGF is upregulated in some forms of cancer.

71. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
 VEGF stimulates vasculogenesis and
angiogenesis.
 It creates new blood vessels during
embryonic development, new blood vessels
after injury and when other vessels are
blocked, and new muscle after exercise.
 VEGF is required for cancer metastasis and
overexpression is seen in retinal diseases.

72. The Heart and Growth Factors
Angiogenesis and vasculogenesis are important
factors in cardiovascular health.
 Endothelial progenitor cells help to repair
damaged and dying blood cells.
 Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha
cells can generate significant numbers of
smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells.
Chong JJ, et al. Progenitor cells identified by PDGFR-alpha expression in
the developing and diseased human heart. Stem Cells Dev 2013, Feb 7.

73. The Heart and Growth Factors
 Angiogenesis is increased by vascular
endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth
factor and insulin-like growth factor-1.
 Natriuretic peptide, transforming growth
factor-beta 1, cardiotrophin-1, urocortin,
acetylcholine, insulin and carbon monoxide
can help the heart to mimic post conditioning.
Maslov, LN. et al. Trigger mechanism of adaptive phenomenon of
ischemic heartpostconditioning. Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova 2012;
98(9): 1053-69.

74. The Heart and Growth Factors
 Heparin and fibroblast growth factor-2
have been shown to reduce scarring in the
infarcted mycardium.
 There was reduced inflammation, fibrosis
and cardiomyocyte death and greater
cardiac contractibility.
Chu H, et al. The effect of a heparin-based coacervate of fibroblast
growth factor-2 on scarring in the infarcted myocardium.
Biomaterials 2013; 34(6): 1747-56.

75. The Heart and Growth Factors
 Secretoneurin, an angiogenic factor,
stimulates vascular endothelial growth
factor and fibroblast growth factor receptor-
3 in rats with myocardial infarction.
Albrecht-Schgoer K, et al. The angiogenic factor secretoneurin
induces coronary angiogenesis in a model of myocardial infarction by
stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling in
endothelial cells. Circulation 2012; 126(21): 2491-501.

76. The Heart and Growth Factors
 Rats administered oxytocin for 2 weeks showed
greater protection against myocardial infarction.
 The oxytocin raised atrial natriuretic peptide
levels, as well as p38-MAPK, Akt kinase and
heat shock protein 27 in the left ventricular
heart tissue.
Ondrejcakova M, et al. Prolonged oxytocin treatment in rats affects
intracellular signaling and induced myocardial protection against
infarction. Gen Physiol Biophys 2012; 31(3): 261-70.

77. The Heart and Growth Factors
 Cardiac function improved after acute
myocardial infarction in rats that were given
hepatocyte growth factor and vascular
endothelial growth factor in a hydrogel.
Salimath AS, et al. Dual delivery of hepatocyte and vascular
endothelial growth factors via a protease-degradable hydrogel
improves cardiac function in rats. PLoS One 2012; 7(11): e50980.

78. The Heart and Growth Factors
 In addition to growth factors, both hematopoietic
stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells release
exosomes that improve myocardial function.
Exosomes fuse with target cells, transferring
specific miRNA molecules between the cells.

79. The Heart and Growth Factors
 Exosomes can also act as vectors for genetic
information. They have been shown to
establish a communication network among
the cells.
Barile L, et al. Ultrastructural evidence of exosome secretion by
progenitor cells in adult mouse myocardium and adult human
cardiospheres. J Biomed and Biotech 2012. Article ID 354605 (Epub
ahead of print)

80. The Lungs

81. The Lungs and Growth Factors
 Fibroblast growth factor-7 (known as
keratinocyte growth factor) enhances the
repair of injured alveolar epithelium in
endotoxin-induced lung injury in rats.
 Prostaglandin E2 re-programs alveolar
macrophages to secrete anti-inflammatory
interleukin-10.

82. The Lungs and Growth Factors
 Angiopoietin-1 (Ang), promotes
angiogenesis and reduces endothelial
permeability.
 Mesenchymal stem cells secrete
Angiopoietin-1 as well as FGF-7,
prostaglandin E2 and Interleukin-10.

83. The Lungs and Growth Factors
 Mesenchymal stem cells also secrete an
antimicrobial peptide, LL-37 that is
upregulated from bacterial stimulation.
Lee JW, et al. Concise Review: Mesenchymal stem cells for actue lung
injury: Role of paracrine soluble factors. Stem Cells 2011; 29(6): 913-
919.

84. The Lungs and Growth Factors
 Hematopoietic stem cells along with
fibroblast growth factor-7 (keratinocyte
growth factor) was shown to stimulate
epithelial cell proliferation and reduce
bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
Aguilar S, et al. Bone marrow stem cells expressing keratinocyte growth
factor via an inducible lentivirus protects against bleomycin-induced
pulmonary fibrosis. PLoS One 2009; 4(11): e8013.

85. The Lungs and Growth Factors
 Hematopoietic stem cells support the lung
during ischemic conditions with VEGF,
platelet-derived growth factor, insulin-like
growth factor and fibroblast growth factor to
support angiogenesis.
Lu J et al. Neovascularization and Hematopoietic stem cells. Cell
Biochem Biophys 2011 Oct 30 (Epub ahead of print)

86. The Lungs and Growth Factors
 Autologous endothelial progenitor cells show
positive effects against endotoxin-induced
acute lung injury in rabbits.
 Polymorphonuclear cell infiltration and
hemorrhages in the lung tissue was decreased
by the endothelial cells.
 Nitric oxide and malondialdehyde were also
inhibited.

87. The Lungs and Growth Factors
 Superoxide dismutase, interleukin-10, and
VEGF were increased from the endothelial
progenitor cells.
 Interleukin-1β, E-selectin, intercellular adhesion
molecule-1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase
were reduced.
Cao JP, Autologous transplantation of peripheral blood-derived circulating
endothelial progenitor cells attenuates endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in
rabbits by direct endothelial repair and indirect immunomodulation.
Anesthesiology 2012; 116(6): 1278-87.

88. The Lungs and Growth Factors
 Intermittent hypoxia, as seen with obstructive
sleep apnea, was found to mobilize bone
marrow derived very small embryonic-like
stem cells (VSELs) in mice that promote organ
repair.

89. The Lungs and Growth Factors
 More than 1100 unique genes were
differentially expressed in the VSEL stem
cells that activated organ-specific
developmental programs.
Gharib SA, et al. Intermittent hypoxia mobilizes bone marrow-derived
very small embryonic-like stem cells and activates developmental
transcription programs in mice. Sleep 2010; 33(11): 1439-46.

90. Wound Healing

91. Wound Healing and Growth Factors
 Non-healing wounds are a significant cause of
disability, death and financial expense.
 Mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells
have been found to accelerate wound closure
and enhance wound repair quality with
increased tensile strength.

92. Wound Healing and Growth Factors
 With stimulation from bone morphogenetic
protein-4, mesenchymal stem cells are able to
produce K14+ keratinocytes.
 VEGF promotes angiogenesis and
vasculogenesis.
 Epidermal growth factor, erythropoietin and
stromal cell-derived factor-1α are also
expressed by mesenchymal stem cells.

93. Wound Healing and Growth Factors
 Fibrin spray and collagen matrix systems
with cultured autologous mesenchymal stem
cells have also increased wound healing.
Chen JS, et al. Therapeutic potential of bone marrow-derived
mesenchymal stem cells for cutaneous wound healing. Frontiers in
Immunology 2012; 3: 192.

94. Wound Healing and Growth Factors
 The use of placental extract shows positive
results for various skin conditions, including
chronic wounds, pressure ulcer and burns.
Chakraborty PD et al. Human aqueous placental extract as a wound
healer. J Wound Care 2009; 18(11): 462, 464-7.

95. Alternatives in Growth
Factor Production

96. Alternatives in Growth Factors
 There has been a shortage of human organs
for transplantation. In 2011, over 111,000
Americans were on the waiting list for organ
transplants.
 An alternative that is gaining credibility is
the use organs and growth factors from
animals. This is called xenotransplantation.

97. Alternatives in Growth Factors
 According to the World Health Organization,
xenotransplantation, animal to human, is
defined as “living cells, tissues or organs of
animal origin and human body fluids, cells,
tissues or organs that have ex vivo with these
living, xenogeneic materials.”
(http://www.who.int/transplantation/xeno/en)

98. The History of Xenografts
 The Papyrus of Ebers (1500 B.C.), the
writings of Aristotle(384-322 B.C.) and Pliny
the Elder (A.D. 23-79), all contained many
preparations made from human and animal
organs to treat diseases.

99. The History of Xenografts
 2400 years ago Hippocrates (460-370 BC)
advocated that animal skin be used to cover
human ulcers and burns.
 Hippocrates also put forth the idea that a
diseased organ could be treated by giving the
patient, fresh, healthy tissue of the same type.

100. The History of Xenografts
 1762 - Dr. Hunter in England, and in 1849, Dr.
von Berthold in Germany, implanted testes in
castrated roosters and demonstrated positive
responses.
 In 1889 Dr. Brown-Sequard injected himself
with testicular extract from guinea pigs and
was “tremendously rejuvenated.”

101. The History of Xenografts
 June 13, 1920 – Dr. Serge Voronoff did an ape
to human- testicular implant.
 January 1928 – One thousand Surgeons
participating in a medical conference held in
Austria agreed that “The gland
transplantation operation devised
by Dr. Serge Voronoff afforded
transient regeneration.”

102. The History of Xenografts
 1920-1930s
Dr. Paul Niehans
 “The Father of
Cell Therapy” and
xenotransplantation.

103. The History of Xenografts
Type of operating room used by Dr Niehans to
transplant organ tissues from fetal sheep obtained
via “C” Section to adjacent patients.

104. The History of Xenografts
 In 1964, Dr. Reemtsma transplanted a
kidney from a chimpanzee into a patient
with end-stage renal disease. The operation
extended the patient’s life for nine months.
Denner, J and Ralf R. Tönjes. Infection Barriers to Successful
Xenotransplantation Focusing on Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses.
Clin Microbiol Rev 2012; 25(2): 318.

105. Alternatives in Growth Factors
 In 1995, researchers showed that
hematopoietic-promoting factor and stem cell
factor from the porcine kidney were able to
proliferate mouse hematopoietic progenitor
cells, granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming
units, and erythropoietic burst-forming units.
Kashiwakura I et al. Effect of a hematopoietic promoting factor
derived from porcine kidney on the proliferation of mouse hematopoietic
hematopoietic progenitor cells in liquid culture. Biol Pharm Buill 1995;
18(11): 1476-81.

106. Alternatives in Growth Factors
 In collaboration with the International
Xenotransplantation Association, the
University Hospital Geneva and the World
Health Organization, an international inventory
has been established to collect basic
data on xenotransplantation procedures in
humans. (http:www.humanxenotransplant.org)

107. Alternatives in Growth Factors
 The International Human Xenotransplantation
Inventory has found 29 human applications of
xenotransplantation, including islets of
Langerhans, kidney cells, chromaffin cells,
embryonic stem cells, fetal and adult cells
from various organs or the use of
extracorporeal perfusion from hepatocytes, the
liver, spleen or kidney.
Sgroi A, et al. International Human Xenotransplantation Inventory.
Transplantation 2010; 90: 597-603.

108. Porcine Research

109. Alternatives in Growth Factors
 Porcine neonatal islets of Langerhans with
porcine Sertoli cells were administered to
12 children with type 1 diabetes (insulin-
dependent) without immunosuppression.

110. Alternatives in Growth Factors
 The authors reported a significant reduction in
exogenous insulin requirements during the 4
year follow-up among six patients, two of
whom became temporarily insulin-
independent.
Valdes-Gonzalez R et al, Long-term follow-up of patients with type 1
diabetes transplanted with neonatal pig islets. Clin Exp Immunol 2010;
162(3): 537-42.

111. Alternatives in Growth Factors
 With the genetic modification of pigs, cell
transplant studies such as those of pancreatic
islets are leading to more hopeful results. The
range of possibilities offered by this
technology will be unlimited, making it
possible for xenotransplantation to be a
clinical reality soon.
Costa Valles C, Manez Mendiluce R. Transgenic organs and
xenotransplants. Adv Exp Med Biol 2012; 741:73–88.

112. Sheep Research

113. Alternatives in Growth Factors
 With sheep, the Center for Living Cell
Therapy in Lenggries, Germany was started
by Dr. Siegfried Block who had worked with
Dr. Hans Niehans.
 The Center raises 700 sheep in the high
mountains, away from damaging
environmental effects.

114. Alternatives in Growth Factors
 85 different fetal or neonatal organs are
available for live sheep cells that are used to
treat specific health functions.
 The clinic offers cells to treat aging,
impotence, Down’s syndrome, AIDS and
many other conditions.
 http://www.frischzellen-kur.de
Sgroi A, et al. International Human Xenotransplantation Inventory.
Transplantation 2010; 90: 597-603.

115. Rabbit Research

116. Alternatives in Growth Factors
 In Russia, the use of rabbit newborn
pancreatic grafts with kidney extracts
showed a survival rate of 75% in 26 type 1
(insulin-dependent) diabetic children. The
results included insulin stabilization,
reductions in glycoslyated hemoglobin,
reduced exogenous insulin and a small
increase in serum C-peptide.

117. Alternatives in Growth Factors
 In diabetic nephropathy children, there was
also a decrease in albuminuria from about
220 to 60 mg/day.
(http://nikrrom.chat/ru/list1_en.htm)
Sgroi A, et al. International Human Xenotransplantation
Inventory. Transplantation 2010; 90: 597-603.

118. Alternatives in Growth Factors
 As stem cell research has expanded,
there have been organizations that
promote rabbit fetal precursor stem cells
(BCRO: Bio-Cellular Research
Organization in Russia and Eco-
Ultrafiltrates in Europe).

119. Alternatives in Growth Factors
 Rabbit progenitor cells have been used in
clinical studies around the world for
diabetes, immune deficiency disorders,
neurological degeneration, cardiovascular
disease, and genetic disorders in children.

120. Alternatives in Growth Factors
 Article on rabbit progenitor cells and the diabetic
retina:
Zubkova S.T., Danilova A.I., Kovpan N.A.:
("Condition of vessels of retina and of lower
extremities in diabetic patients after
transplantation of cultures of islet cells of
pancreas"), Summary, in: Proceedings of 4th
Congress of Ukrainian Endocrinologists, Kiev
(now Ukraine), 1987. p. 153.

121. Alternatives in Growth Factors
 The rabbit fetal progenitor cells have also
been given 3 times a year to children with
Down’s Syndrome.

122. Alternatives in Growth Factors
 From Dr. Molnar’s article:
E. Michael Molnar, Gebrevnikova NV,
Burkova MI, Sukhikh GT, Fisenko NA, Ionova
AP: Influence of the transplantation of fetal
tissue on the development of higher mental
functions in children with Down Syndrome.
Klinicheskij Vestnik, 12 (4): 1995; 341.

123. Alternatives in Growth Factors
 FCTI (Eco-ultrafilterates from Europe) is
using ultrafiltration and nanotechnology to
create rabbit derived progenitor cells and
growth factors without the proteins.
 Do these products actually promote
regeneration?

124. Alternatives in Growth Factors
 The ready-to-use Eco-ultrafiltrates contain
components up to a nominal molecular weight
of 10 kDa – about 1/9th of the smallest virus
known at this time.
 The first ultra-filtrate for the skin and the
mucosa was from a histological study by Dr.
F. Leyh in 1981. Since then, the FCTI
company was formed and more products have
been created.

125. Alternatives in Growth Factors
 Eco-ultrafiltrates have a variety of cell
products that support the skin, mesenchyme,
placenta, male and female revitalization,
thymus, immune, kidney, liver, adrenal
cortex, adrenal medulla, prostate, pituitary,
pancreas, bone, cartilage and synovia, lungs,
blood, spinal cord, heart, eye, colon, transfer
factor, thyroid, etc.

126. Growth Hormone
 Growth hormone - 22,124 daltons.
 Even though structurally similar to growth
hormones from animals, only human and old
world monkey growth hormones have
significant effects on the human growth
hormone receptor.
 No animal product can be used as a substitute
for human growth hormone.

127. Alternatives in Growth Factors
 Xenotransplantation businesses are expanding
throughout the world.
 xenograft organ extracts (porcine and sheep-
ovine) are available and have been used in
Germany for many years on patients.
 In general, little side effects.
 No reported transmission of micro-organisms
when prepared in GMP lab.

128. Our Treatment Program

129. Bone Marrow Treatments
 Our clinic offers autologous bone marrow
stem cell therapies with the person’s own
growth factors.
 The FDA classifies the simple removal and
re-injection of bone marrow as routine
medical practice.
 Culturing of the patient’s stem cells makes
these a drug and can not be advertised.

130. Bone Marrow Treatments
 Optimum treatment today:
 Neupogen shots daily for 5 days,
 14-15 days later bone marrow is aspirated
from each hip and given back intravenously,
 Gives much better results than simple bone
marrow but in people under 40, a simple bone
marrow treatment is usually good.

131. Fat Stem Cells
 Fat stem cells have recently been classified
by the FDA as drugs, so advertising the use
of these for anything other than cosmetic
purposes could be a problem.

132. Treatments

133. Treatments
After the
transfusion,
the stem cells
circulate
throughout the
body to repair
or replace
damaged and
aging cells.

134. Support for the Stem Cells
 The stem cell treatments can benefit a
variety of hard-to-treat conditions.
 The elimination of toxins, infections and
other problems before, during and after stem
cell treatments (including checking for sleep
apnea).
 The use of hormones, growth factors and
additional therapies enhances the results.

135. Support for the Stem Cells
 Each case is different and some may take
more time to prepare for the procedure to
achieve optimum results.
 The combination of stem cell/progenitor cell
therapies with electromagnetic therapy
provides increased improvement for a longer
time.

136. Treatable Conditions
 Osteoarthritis (DJD)  Diabetes I and II
 Acute & chronic heart  Eye disorders
disease, heart attack  Autoimmune diseases
 Cerebral palsy  Multiple sclerosis
 Sports injuries  ALS
 Cartilage repair  Parkinson’s disease
 Spinal disc disorders  Dementia
 GI disorders  Huntington’s disease
 Kidney disorders  Other Genetic Disorders

137. Together,
we can make a difference.

138. For Further Information
Check out our websites and sign up for our
newsletter at:
 http://www.stemcellmd.org
 http://www.stemcelltherapies.org
My clinic toll free number is
800-300-1063