4. Class 3 Class 4 Tandem Switch Class 5 Telephone Exchange End Office Class 1 International Gateway Exchange Class 2 Regional Center Primary Center Toll Center End Office Sectional Center Sectional Center Primary Center Toll Center Toll Center Toll Center End Office End Office End Office Primary Center
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7. Class 3 Class 4 Tandem Switch Class 5 Telephone Exchange End Office Class 1 International Gateway Exchange Class 2 Regional Center Primary Center Toll Center End Office Sectional Center Sectional Center Primary Center Toll Center Toll Center Toll Center End Office End Office End Office Primary Center
8. Microwave Data Center Data Center Data Center Cell Tower Cable Network Class 3 Class 4 Tandem Switch Class 5 Telephone Exchange End Office Class 1 International Gateway Exchange Class 2 Regional Center Primary Center Toll Center End Office Sectional Center Sectional Center Primary Center Toll Center Toll Center Toll Center End Office End Office End Office Primary Center
9. Class 3 Class 4 Tandem Switch Class 5 Telephone Exchange End Office Class 1 International Gateway Exchange Class 2 Regional Center Primary Center Toll Center End Office Sectional Center Sectional Center Primary Center Toll Center Toll Center Toll Center End Office End Office End Office Primary Center Microwave Data Center Data Center Data Center Cell Tower Cable Network
10. Class 3 Class 4 Tandem Switch Class 5 Telephone Exchange Class 1 International Gateway Exchange Class 2 Regional Center Primary Center Toll Center Sectional Center Sectional Center Primary Center Toll Center Toll Center Toll Center Primary Center Microwave Data Center Data Center Data Center Cell Tower Cable Network
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15. Hosted PBX: 9,000 registered phones, 3:1 usage ratio $0.09/seat per month (for operations) Call Center / Conferencing: 3,000 simultaneous calls $0.29/channel per month (for operations) Software is Free Possible $1-3/month in licensing, support, management, maintenance
16. Manual Switchboard 1910 Bell Systems Mechanical Switch 1970 Bell Systems All-Digital Switch 1990 Nortel & Lucent All-IP Switch 2003 Broadsoft All-IP Virtualized Switch 2011 2600hz’s Whistle Switch By Company Hardware Hardware Hardware & Firmware Hardware & Software Software